• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter : Romain Maurand ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : Quantum many-body systems display rich phase structure in their low-temperature equilibrium states. However, much of nature is not in thermal equilibrium. Remarkably, it was recently predicted that out-of-equilibrium systems can exhibit novel dynamical phases that may otherwise be forbidden by equilibrium thermodynamics, a paradigmatic example being the discrete time crystal (DTC). Concretely, dynamical phases can be defined in periodically driven many-body localized systems via the concept of eigenstate order. In eigenstate-ordered phases, the entire many-body spectrum exhibits quantum correlations and long-range order, with characteristic signatures in late-time dynamics from all initial states. It is, however, challenging to experimentally distinguish such stable phases from transient phenomena, wherein few select states can mask typical behavior. Here [1] we implement a continuous family of tunable CPHASE gates on an array of superconducting qubits to experimentally observe an eigenstate-ordered DTC. We demonstrate the characteristic spatiotemporal response of a DTC for generic initial states. Our work employs a time-reversal protocol that discriminates external decoherence from intrinsic thermalization, and leverages quantum typicality to circumvent the exponential cost of densely sampling the eigen-spectrum. In addition, we locate the phase transition out of the DTC with an experimental finite-size analysis. Our results establish a scalable approach to study non-equilibrium phases of matter on current quantum processors. 1. Mi et al, arXiv:2107.13571

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
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Résumé : Electrical resistance usually originates from lattice imperfections. However, even a perfect lattice has a fundamental resistance limit, given by the Landauer conductance of its discrete modes. This resistance, shown by Sharvin to appear at the contacts to electronic devices, sets the ultimate conduction limit of non-interacting electrons. Recent years have seen growing evidence of hydrodynamic electronic phenomena, prompting recent theories to ask whether liquid electrons can radically break this fundamental Landauer-Sharvin limit. Here, we use single-electron-transistor imaging of electronic flows in high-mobility graphene Corbino devices to answer this question. First, by imaging ballistic flows at low temperatures, we observe a Landauer-Sharvin resistance that does not appear at contacts but is instead distributed throughout the bulk. This underpins the phase-space origin of this resistance - as emerging from spatial gradients in the number of conduction modes. At elevated temperatures, we identify and account for the contribution of electron-phonon scattering and reveal the pure hydrodynamic flow. Strikingly, we find that hydrodynamic electron flow eliminates completely the bulk Landauer-Sharvin resistance. Finally, by adding small magnetic fields, we image swirling magneto-hydrodynamic flows, revealing the key emergent length-scale predicted by hydrodynamic theories – the Gurzhi length. These observations demonstrate that electronic fluids can dramatically overcome the limitations of ballistic electrons, with important implications for fundamental science and future technologies.

• Séminaire interne LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Vincent Rossetto ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : Après un résumé sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et les objectifs de réduction annoncés, je vous présenterai les différentes rubriques du bilan carbone de l'Institut Néel (réalisé par le collectif "labo en transition"): missions, achats, déplacements domicile-travail, énergies, expériences sur les grands instruments, informatique etc. J'exposerai brièvement les politiques de réduction envisagées à court terme au laboratoire.

Liens :[Institut Néel]

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter : Romain Maurand ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : Recent years’ hunt for the Majorana fermions generated a genuine interest in superconducting subgap (Yu-Shiba-Rusinov or shortly Shiba) states both in the field of STM measurements and hybrid semiconductor-superconductor devices. The better understanding of the trivial Shiba states paves the way to engineering them into topological states. Previously, devices, quite similar to the hybrid Majorana devices, were investigated from the viewpoint of Cooper pair splitting. These works aimed to generate spatially separated entangled electron pairs in a controlled way. In my talk, after shortly introducing these research fields, I will present a recent work, where we studied the interplay of a Shiba state and the splitting process in a Cooper pair splitter device. Changing the tunnel coupling to one of the normal electrodes allows to tune the device from limit of Cooper pair splitting to the non-local spectroscopy of the Shiba state. First, focusing on the latter limit, I will demonstrate that we could observe the Shiba state at much larger distances than in recent STM measurements. Then, I will discuss how the presence of the Shiba state, producing a non-local signal similar to the pair splitting, affects splitting efficiency. Z.S. et al., Nature Communications 11, 1834 (2020) Z.S. et al., ArXiv: 2108.12155

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Résumé : This thesis is dedicated to the study of ground states of an anyon gas in the large number of particle limit. In two-dimensional space there are possibilities for quantum statistics continuously interpolating between the bosonic and the fermionic one. Quasi-particles obeying such intermediate statistics are called anyons. They can be described as ordinary bosons and fermions with interactions through long-range magnetic potentials, generated by magnetic charges carried by each particle. We study the almost-bosonic and almost-fermionic limit. We obtain rigorous results for the convergence of their ground state energies and the associated minimizers to those of effective models. The ground state of almost-bosonic anyons converges to the infimum of a Hartree-like functionnal and its minimizers to a convex superposition of factorized pure states. The particles behave like independent, identically distributed bosons interacting via a self-consistent magnetic field. The ground state energy of almost-fermionic anyons converges to the infimum of a Thomas-Fermi energy and its minimizers to measures associated with the corresponding semi-classical problem. More precisely, the ground state of our Hamiltonian converges to that of a classical modified Vlasov energy whose minimization leads to the Thomas-Fermi functional. The Vlasov energy is endowed with a self-consistent magnetic field, a landmark of anyonic statistics. The ground state of the Vlasov energy displays anyonic behavior in its momentum distribution.

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter : Cecile Repellin ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : Twisted bilayer graphene (tBG) and variants like twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene (tMBG) were proposed to be a platform for strongly correlated physics akin to the cuprate family. However, I will show that many of the observed interacting phenomena can be explained in terms of breaking of spin/valley symmetry. This can lead to a quantum anomalous Hall effect in the absence of a field, as I will show for tMBG [1]. In large magnetic fields the same spin- valley symmetry breaking leads to a series of Chern insulator states [2]. Finally, I will briefly discuss the possibility of genuine strong correlated physics in Moiré structures. [1] Rademaker, Protopopov, Abanin, Phys. Rev. Research, 2, 033150 (2020). [2] Saito, Ge, Rademaker, Watanabe, Taniguchi, Abanin, Young, Nature Physics, 108, 12233 (2021).

Liens :[Louk Rademaker]

• Personne à contacter : Michele Filippone ()
• location ROOM

Résumé : The quantized magnetic excitations (magnons) of magnetic dielectrics can couple to microwave and optical photons, making such systems prospect hybrid quantum platforms. Prospect applications of the system includes quantum transduction between optics and microwaves, and generation of non-classical macroscopic magnetization states. Nevertheless, one of the limitations of the system is the weakness of the coupling between magnons and optical photons - a consequence of the weakness of the magneto-optical effects in dielectrics. In this talk, I present the concept of a novel platform for magnon-photon interaction based on a magnetic epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) medium, in which strong coupling can be achieved. In ENZ media, the diagonal components of the permittivity tensor vanish at specific frequencies, yielding an enhancement of non-linear effects and secondary responses, such as magneto-optical effects. After a brief review of magnon-photon interactions in magnetic dielectrics and the state-of-the-art optomagnonic systems, I will present a quantisation scheme that phenomenologically includes dispersion, which is the responsible for the ENZ behaviour. Within this framework, the enhancement of magneto-optical effects in ENZ media implies an enhancement of the magnon-photon coupling, which can surpass both magnon and photon decay rates, thus reaching the strong coupling regime. Finally, I discuss a possible measurement scheme for the strong magnon-photon coupling via the optics power spectrum, which exhibits multiple sidebands characteristic of the strong parametric coupling. The proposal of an ENZ-based magnon-photon platform pushes forward novel designs for magnonic systems, and can be the starting point for developing new magnon-based protocols.

Liens :[Victor Bittencourt][Max-Planck Institute for the Physics of light]

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
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Résumé : Over the last fifty years, the CMOS (Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) electronics industry has been continuously scaling down transistors in size, to increase performance and reduce power consumption. Nowadays, the smallest transistors in industry achieve 5nm features. As a result, those silicon structures tend to exhibit undesirable quantum effects for a classical transistor which appear to be new research opportunities for quantum information processing. In particular, it is nowadays possible to trap single electron spins in silicon quantum dots and perform high fidelity quantum gates (i). These demonstrations combined with the intrinsic properties of the silicon lattice (low spin orbit and hyperfine interaction) make CMOS device an excellent candidate for scalable quantum architectures. This presentation, will focus on the probing of electronic spins trapped in a CMOS device. In the first part I will present the basic characterization of a single electron spin and valley physics detected by standard charge sensing (ii). In the second part, I will show how we can operate a small array of quantum dot (iii) and how we can measure spin states inside. Finally, I’ll present the measurement of higher spin states by probing the quantum capacitance of the system (iv) and how we intend to scale up this measurement technique. (i) Veldhorst, M. et al. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 981 (2014). (ii) Spence, C. et al. In preparation (2021). (iii) Chanrion, E. et al. Phys. Rev. Appl. (2020). (iv) Lundberg, T. et al. Phys. Rev. X (2020).

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter : romain maurand ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : In 2001, Gottesman, Kitaev and Preskill (GKP) proposed to encode a fully correctable logical qubit in grid states of a single harmonic oscillator. Although this code was originally designed to correct against shift errors, GKP qubits are robust against virtually all realistic error channels. Since this proposal, other bosonic codes have been extensively investigated, but only recently were the exotic GKP states experimentally synthesized and stabilized. These experiments relied on stroboscopic interactions between a target oscillator and an ancillary two-level system to perform non-destructive error syndrome measurements for the GKP code. In this talk, I will review the fascinating properties of the GKP code and the conceptual and experimental tools developed for trapped ions and superconducting circuits, which enabled quantum error correction of a logical GKP qubit encoded in a microwave cavity. I will describe ongoing efforts to suppress further logical errors, and in particular to avoid the apparition of uncorrectable errors stemming from the noisy ancilla involved in the GKP error syndromes detection.

• Séminaire LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Léonie Canet ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : Methods from statistical physics have been applied to describe characteristics of cloud fields. Analogies to two-dimensional lattice models have been found, in particular for tropical convection. Some physical parametrisations of clouds make use of those ideas. But so far these parametrisations are applied in single model columns, such that horizontal correlations are mostly neglected. The analogy of cloud fields to percolation models might lend itself to describe those horizontal correlations as well as cloud size distributions. To apply those descriptions on the various scales on which physical parametrisations within weather and climate modelling are used, the models should be defined in a scale-aware manner. Here, the functional renormalization group might be a method to derive an effective model on a given scale, in order to arrive at a most consistent treatment of physical processes across models of different resolution.

• Séminaire interne LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Vincent Rossetto ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Liens :[LPMMC]

• Séminaire interne LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Vincent Rossetto ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Liens :[LPMMC]

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
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Résumé : There are many challenges to scaling the size of superconducting quantum computers. First and foremost, building processors with increasing numbers of qubits and longer coherence remains a daunting task. However, the success of superconducting quantum computing will also hinge on the development of many supporting technologies such as cryogenics, signal delivery, and microwave readout. Here I will discuss approaches to two of these bottlenecks, lying at the interface between quantum physics and engineering. First, I will discuss the challenges of wiring a million-qubit processor with coaxial lines, and how using photonic links can enable the use of optical fibers instead [1]. Second, I will discuss why superconducting quantum processors need nonreciprocal components, what are the limitations of the conventional microwave circulators, and how we intend to replace them with integrable nonreciprocal devices based on multimode parametric interactions [2]. [1] F. Lecocq, et al, Nature 591, 575-579 (2021) [2] F. Lecocq, et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 020502 (2021)

Liens :[NIST]

• Séminaire interne LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Anna Minguzzi ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : It is well known that a quantum circuit on n-qubits composed of Clifford gates with the addition of k non-Clifford gates can be simulated on a classical computer by an algorithm scaling polynomially in n and an exponentially in k. Our work in this direction focused on finding the number of resources needed to simulate a quantum chaotic behavior. In this talk, I will review some notions of simulability of quantum circuits and notions of Entanglement. I will show that the doping of a Clifford circuit with O(n) single qubit non Clifford resources is both necessary and sufficient to drive the transition to universal fluctuations of the purity.

Liens :[University of Massachussetts]

• Séminaire théorie
• Personne à contacter : Serge Florens ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : As a consequence of the approximate spin-valley symmetry in graphene, the ground state of electrons in graphene at charge neutrality is a particular SU(4) quantum Hall ferromagnet. If only the Coulomb interaction is taken into account, this ferromagnet can appeal either to the spin degree of freedom or equivalently to the valley pseudo-spin degree of freedom. This freedom in choice is then limited by subleading energy scales that explicitly break the SU(4) symmetry, the simplest of which is given by the Zeeman effect that orients the spin in the direction of the magnetic field. In addition, there are also valley symmetry breaking terms that can arise from short-range interactions or electron-phonon couplings. Here, we build upon the phase diagram in order to identify the different skyrmions at filling $\nu=0$ and spin waves at $\nu=\pm1$ that are compatible with these types of quantum-Hall ferromagnets. Similarly to the ferromagnets, the skyrmions at charge neutrality are described by the $\text{Gr}(2,4)$ Grassmannian at the center, which allows us to construct the skyrmion spinors. The different skyrmion types are then obtained by minimizing their energy within a variational approach, with respect to the remaining free parameters that are not fixed by the requirement that the skyrmion at large distances from their center must be compatible with the ferromagnetic background. We show that the different skyrmion types have a clear signature in the local, sublattice-resolved, spin magnetization, which is in principle accessible in scanning-tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. In addition to the skyrmions, we also describe the generalized spin waves at $\nu=\pm1$, where one encounters pure spin waves, valley-pseudospin waves as well as more exotic entanglement waves that have a mixed spin-valley character. Most saliently, the SU(4) symmetry-breaking terms do not only yield gaps in the spectra, but under certain circumstances, namely in the case of residual ground-state symmetries, render the originally quadratic (in the wave vector) spin-wave dispersion linear.

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter : Robert Whitney ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : Quantum computing is receiving renewed interest with recent announcements from several players. The most obvious reason is that some quantum algorithms can solve in polynomial time the same tasks that are currently considered non-polynomial on classical computers. In recent years, analog quantum machines have appeared, of which the computers currently marketed by the Canadian company D-Wave are the first representatives, operating on a quantum accelerated annealing principle. From an abstract point of view, such a machine can be considered as an oracle specialized in solving an NP-hard optimization problem with an algorithm functionally analogous to simulated annealing but with quantum acceleration. In addition to the formal analogies between simulated annealing and quantum annealing, there is an analogy between the current state of the art and that of simulated annealing when it was introduced. The work carried out in the framework consists in understanding the functioning of such a machine and in determining to what extent it contributes to the solution of combinatorial problems. The challenge is to know whether or not there is an acceleration of a quantum nature in these machines compared to other computers. The idea is to provide a first study on the behavior of quantum annealing when confronted with a problem known to trap classical annealing. The bipartite matching problem was specifically chosen to be difficult to solve using simulated annealing. Comparing the performances between these two annealers gives a first benchmark and allows to better characterize their potentials.

• Séminaire interne LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Vincent Rossetto ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Liens :[LPMMC]

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
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Résumé : Hybrid quantum systems based on spin-ensembles coupled to superconducting microwave cavities are promising candidates for robust experiments in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) and for future technologies employing quantum mechanical effects. In particular the electron spins hosted by nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. We used this system to study a broad variety of effects, such as cavity protection effect and hole burning which can extend the coherence time and reduce dephasing. Furthermore, this platform allows to study superradiance (1) and the coupling of spins over macroscopic distances. We use a dispersive detection scheme based on cQED to observe the spin relaxation of the negatively charged nitrogen vacancy center in diamond. We observe exceptionally long longitudinal relaxation times T1 of up to 8h (2). To understand the fundamental mechanism of spin-phonon coupling in this system we develop a theoretical model and calculate the relaxation time ab-initio. The calculations confirm that the low phononic density of states at the NV− transition frequency enables the spin polarization to survive over macroscopic timescales. (1) Andreas Angerer, Kirill Streltsov, Thomas Astner, Stefan Putz, Hitoshi Sumiya, Shinobu Onoda, Junichi Isoya, William J. Munro, Kae Nemoto, Jörg Schmiedmayer, and Johannes Majer, Superradiant emission from colour centres in diamond, Nature Physics 14, 1168-1172 (2018) (2) T. Astner, J. Gugler, A. Angerer, S. Wald, S. Putz, N. J. Mauser, M. Trupke, H. Sumiya, S. Onoda, J. Isoya, J. Schmiedmayer, P. Mohn, and J. Majer, Solid-state electron spin lifetime limited by phononic vacuum modes, Nature Materials 17, 313-317 (2018)

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter : Cecile Repellin ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : In the last five years, a new field has emerged at the intersection between Condensed Matter and Quantum Optics, denominated “Quantum Magnonics”. This field strives to control the elementary excitations of magnetic materials, denominated magnons, to the level of the single quanta, and to interface them coherently to other elementary excitations such as photons or phonons. The recent developments in this field, with proof of concept experiments such as a single-magnon detector, have opened the door for hybrid quantum systems based on magnetic materials. This can allow us to explore magnetism in new ways and regimes, has the potential of unraveling quantum phenomena at unprecedented scales, and could lead to breakthroughs for quantum technologies. A predominant role in these developments is played by cavity magnonic systems, where an electromagnetic cavity, either in the optical or microwave regime, is used to enhance and control the interaction between photons and magnons. In this talk, I will introduce the field and present some theoretical results from our group which aim to push the boundaries of the current state of the art.

Liens :[Silvia Viola Kusminskiy]

• Séminaire LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Vincent Rossetto ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : Abstract: In bosonic gases at thermal equilibrium, an external quadratic drive can induce a Bose-Einstein condensation described by the Ising transition, as a consequence of the explicitly broken U(1) phase rotation symmetry down to Z2. However, in physical realizations such as exciton-polaritons and nonlinear photonic lattices, thermal equilibrium is lost and the state is rather determined by a balance between losses and external drive. A fundamental question is then how nonequilibrium fluctuations affect this transition. Here, we show that in a two-dimensional driven-dissipative Bose system the Ising phase is suppressed and replaced by a nonequilibrium phase featuring Kardar- Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) physics. Its emergence is rooted in a U(1)-symmetry restoration mechanism enabled by the strong fluctuations in reduced dimensionality. Moreover, we show that the presence of the quadratic drive term enhances the visibility of the KPZ scaling, compared to two-dimensional U(1)-symmetric gases, where it has remained so far elusive.

Liens :[Köln Universität]

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter : Cecile Repellin ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : In three-dimensional space, elementary particles are divided between fermions and bosons according to the properties of symmetry of the wave function describing the state of the system when two particles are exchanged. When exchanging two fermions, the wave function acquires a phase, φ=π. On the other hand, in the case of bosons, this phase is zero, φ=0. This difference leads to deeply distinct collective behaviors between fermions, which tend to exclude themselves, and bosons which tend to bunch together. The situation is different in two-dimensional systems which can host exotic quasiparticles, called anyons, which obey intermediate quantum statistics characterized by a phase φ varying between 0 and π (1,2). For example in the fractional quantum Hall regime, obtained by applying a strong magnetic field perpendicular to a two-dimensional electron gas, elementary excitations carry a fractional charge (3,4) and have been predicted to obey fractional statistics (1,2) with an exchange phase φ=π/m (where m is an odd integer). I will present how fractional statistics of anyons can be demonstrated in this system by implementing and studying anyon collisions at a beam-splitter (5). The collisions are first studied in the low magnetic field regime, where the elementary excitations are electrons which obey the usual fermionic statistics. It leads to the observation of an antibunching effect in an electron collision: electrons systematically exit in two different arms of the beam-splitter. The observed result is completely different in the fractional quantum Hall regime. Fractional statistics lead to a suppression of the antibunching effect and quasiparticles tend to bunch together in larger packets of charge in a single output of the splitter. This effect leads to the observation of negative correlations of the current fluctuations (5) in perfect agreement with recent theoretical predictions (6). (1) B. I. Halperin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1583–1586 (1984). (2) D. Arovas, J. R. Schrieffer, F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 722–723 (1984). (3) R. de Picciotto et al., Nature 389, 162–164 (1997). (4) L. Saminadayar, D. C. Glattli, Y. Jin, B. Etienne, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2526–2529 (1997) (5) H. Bartolomei, M. Kumar et al. Science 368, 173-177 (2020). (6) B. Rosenow, I. P. Levkivskyi, B. I. Halperin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 156802 (2016).

• Séminaire interne LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Vincent Rossetto ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : The use of Rydberg states in order to engineer strong correlations in atomic quantum simulators has reached huge popularity in recent times, because of its flexibility in addressing different interesting regimes of quantum matter, and its push towards new interesting problems in many-body physics. An important experiment in one of these regimes showed long-lived oscillations after a quench, leading to the discovery of weak ergodicity breaking in its effective hamiltonian, then resulting in the discovery of many-body quantum scars. In this seminar, stability properties under perturbation of these peculiar states are addressed with a perturbative version of the fidelity susceptibility. Furthermore, a larger class of models with constrained dynamics is considered, showing the presence of many-body quantum scars in a broader setting. In the second part of the seminar, the focus shifts to the possibilities for equilibrium physics in a novel class of Rydberg atoms quantum simulator, based on optical lattices. Similar systems have been shown to host unconventional Luttinger liquids and exotic criticality in one dimension, in their effective descriptions, known as clustering models. Since these new setups allow for dynamics on coupled chains, quantum phases of clustering models on ladders are addressed.

Liens :[LPMMC]

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
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Résumé : Because of their atomically-thin structure, high surface to volume ratio, and reduced electric screening, new properties and functionalities are expected to emerge when exploiting the interactions of two dimensional (‘2D’) materials placed in contact with other nanomaterials such as zero dimensional (‘0D’) systems including clusters, nanocrystals and molecules. These so-called Mixed-dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures are now at the forefront of basic nanoscience and applied nanotechnology, providing new sets of possibilities to tailor device functions and novel physical properties.[1] Today, I will present some of our recent achievements and on-going works illustrating the possibilities offered by 2D-0D heterostructures in various fields of nanoelectronics including single-electron electronics [2], molecular electronics[3] and optoelectronics[4]. These 0D-2D devices take advantage of the functionalities of the 0D systems (electronic, magnetic, optic…) and of the specific properties of 2D materials such as : i) van der Waals interface, ii) high diffusion of metals enabling self-ordered growth of nanoclusters, iii) dual electric behavior combining in-plane charge transport with out-of-plane electric field transparency (they are thinner than the Debye screening length), iv) exacerbated surface/interface sensitivity. The works selected for this talk will allow me to introduce some of these concepts. References : [1] D. Jariwala et al., Nat. Mater. 2017, 16, 170 ; [2] Mouafo et al, Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1802478; Mouafo et al., Adv.Func.Mat. 2021, 31, 2008255 ; Godel et al., Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1604837; [3] Noumbe et al., ACS Nano 2020, 14, 4567 ; [4] Konstantinov, J. Mat. Chem. C. 2021, 9, 2712.

Liens :[Jean-François Dayen][IPCMS, Strasbourg]

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter :
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Résumé : Travelling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) recently became crucial tools in superconducting quantum technologies since they allow broadband and near quantum-noise-limited microwave detection. The main obstacle in developing TWPAs is the attainment of the phase matching condition between thepump field, which provides the energy for the amplification, and the signal field, to be amplified. I will present a new experimental approach to solving the phase matching problem by exploiting a Josephson metamaterial with in-situ tunability and sign reversal of the Kerr nonlinearity: reversed Kerr phase matching. Such novel reversed Kerr TWPA (1), composed of a chain of asymmetric Josephson junction-based inductive elements, shows amplification performance superior to the ones of previous state of the art TWPAs. In this talk, I will present the design, fabrication, and amplification characterization focusing on the novel reversed Kerr phase matching method. In addition, I will show recent experimental results on the generation of two-mode squeezed statesand discuss the exciting perspective of using such a device as a source of multimode entangled states in microwave photonics. (1) Ranadive et al.A reversed Kerr traveling wave parametric amplifier(2021)http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.05815

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter : Romain Maurand ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : I would like to present advances in analog quantum simulation and quantum operations in semiconductor quantum dot arrays. The first part of the seminar is about the experimental demonstration of Nagaoka’s ferromagnetism in a quantum dot plaquette, together with its theoretical description (1). In a second part I will give a theoretical analysis of recently developed dispersively probed quantum dot microwave spectroscopy techniques in silicon (2). Then I will propose perspectives for future developments in quantum science and technology in semiconductor and hybrid platforms. References: (1) J. P. Dehollain, U. Mukhopadhyay, VPM, Y. Wang, B. Wunsch, C. Reichl, W. Wegscheider, M. S. Rudner, E. Demler, and L. M. K. Vandersypen, Nagaoka ferromagnetism observed in a quantum dot plaquette, Nature 579, 528 (2020). (2) R. Ezzouch, S. Zihlmann, VPM, J. Li, A. Aprá, B. Bertrand, L. Hutin, M. Vinet, M. Urdampilleta, T. Meunier, X. Jehl, Y.-M. Niquet, M. Sanquer, S. De Franceschi, R. Maurand, Dispersively probed microwave spectroscopy of a silicon hole double quantum dot, arXiv:2012.15588.

• Séminaire LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Vincent Rossetto ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : We consider strong two-body losses in quantum gases trapped in one-dimensional optical lattices, starting from the bosonic case. We exploit the separation of time scales typical of a system in the many-body quantum Zeno regime to establish a connection with the theory of the time-dependent generalized Gibbs ensemble. Our main result is a simple set of rate equations that capture the simultaneous action of coherent evolution and two-body losses. This treatment gives an accurate description of the dynamics of a gas prepared in a Mott insulating state and shows that its long-time behaviour deviates significantly from mean-field analyses. The possibility of observing our predictions in an experiment with 174Yb in a metastable state is also discussed. We then move to the fermionic case, where experiments with 173Yb have already been performed: our theoretical approach pinpoints the importance of spin in determining the full dynamics of the system.

• Séminaire théorie
• Personne à contacter : Adolfo Grushin ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : Weyl semimetals derive their name from the Weyl equation, the relativistic wave equation for massless spin-1/2 particles - this equation emerges as an effective low-energy theory of certain solid state compounds. This mathematical resemblance between solid state and relativity entails a number of intriguing physical parallels. One idea that has been promoted for some time is the possibility to engineer Hamiltonians that can be mapped to space-times with black holes. This talks will shed some light on what that means, and use actual lattice models to explore how far this analogy carries. Going down this road will lead us to, optimistically speaking, a poor man's version of stimulated Hawking radiation.

Liens :

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter : Romain Maurand ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : Quantum computing's greatest challenge is scaling up. Several decades ago, classical computers faced the same problem and a single solution emerged: very-large-scale integration using silicon. Today's silicon chips consist of billions of field-effect transistors (FinFETs) in which current flow along the fin-shaped channel is controlled by wrap-around gates. The semiconductor industry currently employs fins of sub-10 nm width, small enough for quantum applications: at low temperature, an electron or hole can be trapped under the gate and serve as a spin qubit. An attractive benefit of silicon's advantageous scaling properties is that quantum hardware and its classical control circuitry can be integrated in the same package. This, however, requires qubit operation at temperatures greater than 1 K where the cooling is sufficient to overcome the heat dissipation. Here, we demonstrate that a silicon FinFET is an excellent host for spin qubits that operate even above 4K. We achieve fast electrical control of hole spins with driving frequencies up to 150 MHz and single-qubit gate fidelities at the fault-tolerance threshold. The number of spin rotations before coherence is lost at these hot temperatures already matches or exceeds values on hole spin qubits at mK temperatures. While our devices feature both industry compatibility and quality, they are fabricated in a flexible and agile way to accelerate their development. This work paves the way towards large-scale integration of all-electrical and ultrafast spin qubits.

• Séminaire interne LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Vincent Rossetto ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Liens :[LPMMC]

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter : Romain Maurand ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : When twisted to angles near 1 degre, graphene multilayers provide a new window on electron correlation physics by hosting gate-tuneable strongly-correlated states, including insulators, superconductors, and unusual magnets. I will report the discovery of a new member of the family(1), a correlated electron-hole state, in double bilayer graphene (2,3). This state can be viewed as a density wave state and is intimately linked to equilibrium exciton condensation and superfluidity. The correlated states in moiré materials can be tuned without introducing chemical dopants, thus opening the door to a new class of devices. I will show the successful realization of an exemplary device, a gate-defined Josephson Junction in magic angle twisted bilayer graphene (4). By using multilayer gate technology we define the superconducting and insulating regions of a Josephson junction (JJ) in a single-crystal and observe tunable DC and AC Josephson. This work is an initial step towards devices where gate-defined correlated states are connected in single-crystal nanostructures with applications in superconducting electronics and quantum information technology. (1) P.Rickhaus, F. K. De Vries, E. Portolés, G. Zheng, T. Taniguchi, K. Wantanabe, A. H. Macdonald, T. Ihn, and K. Ensslin, ArXiv:2005.05373 (2020). (2) F. K. de Vries, J. Zhu, E. Portolés, G. Zheng, M. Masseroni, A. Kurzmann, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, A. H. MacDonald, K. Ensslin, T. Ihn, and P. Rickhaus, PRL 125 (17) (3) P. Rickhaus, G. Zheng, J. L. Lado, Y. Lee, A. Kurzmann, M. Eich, R. Pisoni, C. Tong, R. Garreis, C. Gold, M. Masseroni, T. Taniguchi, K. Wantanabe, T. Ihn, and K. Ensslin, Nano Lett. 19, 8821 (2019). (4) F. K. de Vries, E. Portolés, G. Zheng, T. Taniguchi, K. Wantanabe, T. Ihn, K. Ensslin, and P. Rickhaus, arXiv:2011.00011, accepted in Nat. Nano

Liens :[Peter Rickhaus][ETH Zurich]

• Séminaire LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Vincent Rossetto ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : We show that combining randomized measurement protocols with importance sampling allows for characterizing entanglement in significantly larger quantum systems and in a more efficient way than in previous work. A drastic reduction of statistical errors is obtained using classical techniques of machine-learning and tensor networks using partial information on the quantum state. In present experimental settings of engineered many-body quantum systems this effectively doubles the (sub-)system sizes for which entanglement can be measured. In particular, we show an exponential reduction of the required number of measurements to estimate the purity of product states and GHZ states.

Liens :[LPMMC]

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter :
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : In the last years, van der Waals heterostructures have attracted an increasing attention due to their outstanding properties, resulting from combining different two dimensional materials in compact structures, that have led to the emergence of new phenomena not accesible in other platforms (1). Among them, graphene constitutes a promissing material for spintronics because it enables the transport of spin signals over larger distances compared to other systems (2). However, its low intrinsic spin-orbit coupling difficults spin signal manipulation, which has prevented the fast application of graphene for spintronic devices. In this seminar, I will describe two of our recent studies performed in graphene-based heterostructures, where we demonstrate that spin signals can be generated and manipulated by means of proximity effects induced by spin-orbit phenomena. In the first part, I will show how the imprinted spin texture in graphene interfaced with a transition metal dichalcogenide give rise to an anisotropic spin relaxation, where the spin lifetime for spins oriented out-of-plane is one order of magnitude larger than those oriented in-plane (3). In the second part, I will show how such proximity-induced effects can be used to generate spin signals in graphene that can also be controlled by electrical gatting with one of the highest efficiency reported to date at room temperature (4). These results provide the building blocks for development of ultra-compact devices made of two dimensional materials. (1) W. Savero Torres et al. MRS Bulletin 45(5), 357-365, (2020) (2) W. Savero Torres et al. 2D Mat. 4, 041008, (2017) (3) L. A. Benítez, J.F. Sierra, W. Savero Torres et al. Nat. Phys. 14, 303-308, (2018) (4) L. A. Benítez, W. Savero Torres et al. Nat. Mat. 19, 170-175, (2020)

Liens :[ICN2, Barcelona]

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter :
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : Topological transition transforms common superconductivity into an exotic phase of matter, which holds promise for fault tolerant quantum computing. A hallmark of this transition is the emergence of Majorana states. While two dimensional semiconductor superconductor heterostructures are desirable platforms for topological superconductivity, direct phase measurements as the fingerprint of the underlying topological transition are conspicuously missing. On gate tunable Josephson junctions made on epitaxial Al InAs, we observe a closing and a reopening of the superconducting gap with increasing in plane magnetic field. Since our junctions are embedded into a phase sensitive SQUID, we are able to measure a pi jump in the superconducting phase across the junction coincident with the closing and reopening of the superconducting gap. Theoretical simulations confirm this transition is topological and compatible with the emergence of Majorana states while the magnetic field angle dependence of the transition further constrain this scenario. Remarkably, in each junction, this topological transition can be controlled by changing the gate voltage. These findings reveal versatile two dimensional platforms for scalable topological quantum computing.

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter : Laetitia Marty ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : We experimentally and theoretically investigate the thermoelectric properties of gate-tunable single-quantum dot junctions at milliKelvin temperatures, with particular focus on the strong tunnel coupling regime, Γ > k_BT. In the spin-1/2 Kondo regime of the quantum dot, we have observed that the Seebeck coefficient displays characteristic sign changes with varying temperature and level depth, in good agreement with numerical renormalization group calculations [1]. We then move to the question of heat transport across a single quantum level. While the heat conductance of a sequentially coupled single quantum level is expected to be uniformly equal to zero, we show both experimentally and theoretically, that the inclusion of cotunnelling effects leads to restoring a finite heat conductance [2]. [1] B. Dutta et al., Nano Lett. 19, 506 (2019). [2] B. Dutta et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 237701 (2020).

Liens :[Clemens Winkelmann][Inst. Neel]

• Séminaire interne LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Anna Minguzzi ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : We study the dynamics of a two spin component one-dimensional Fermi gas trapped in an harmonic potential. We focus on the strongly interacting regime, performing a perturbative analysis starting from the regime of infinite interactions, where the model can be solved exactly. In this regime, spin and density degrees of freedom decouple and evolve independently in time. We consider an out-of-equilibrium initial state where the spin up and spin down particles are spatially separated in the trap. In this case, the dynamics of the particle density is trivial, while the single-spin component densities oscillate in time. We address the dynamics in the spin sector, performing numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian for different number of particles and comparing the different frequencies of the spin oscillations.

Liens :[LPMMC]

• Séminaire nano-électronique quantique
• Personne à contacter : Cecile Repellin ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : In this seminar, I will discuss how quantum technologies are now able to unveil and investigate novel fundamental phenomena by simulating interacting quantum systems. In particular, we will ask : Is it possible to harness and preserve the quantum coherent properties of many-body systems?This project seems doomed to fail, as interactions in many-body systems generally lead to ergodicity, namely the inevitable loss of quantum coherence and memory about initial conditions. Nevertheless, the recent discovery of many-body localization (MBL) – a generalization of Anderson localization in the presence of interactions – has shown the possibility to circumvent ergodicity. I will illustrate an experiment in which an array of superconducting qubits probes the exotic dynamics of interacting and disordered bosons (1). Relying on real-time and interferometric probes, I will discuss how we could observe and characterize the mechanism of MBL. (1) https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.06024

• Séminaire interne LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Vincent Rossetto ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : Using the standard fluctuational electrodynamics framework, we analytically calculate the radiative heat current between two thin metallic layers, separated by a vacuum gap. We analyse different contributions to the heat current (travelling or evanescent waves, transverse electric or magnetic polarization) and reveal the crucial qualitative role played by the dc conductivity of the metals. For poorly conducting metals, the heat current may be dominated by evanescent waves even when the separation between the layers greatly exceeds the thermal photon wavelength, and the coupling is of electrostatic nature. For well-conducting metals, the evanescent contribution dominates at separations smaller than the thermal wavelength and is mainly due to magnetostatic coupling, in agreement with earlier works on bulk metals.

Liens :[LPMMC]

• Séminaire LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Cécile Repellin ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : I consider a model of fluid particle motion closely related to the Korteweg-de Vries equation governing shallow water dynamics. Using the reformulation of this model as a geodesic in an infinite-dimensional group, the drift velocity of particles is shown to be an ergodic rotation number, sensitive to Berry phases produced by adiabatic spatial deformations. Along the way, I show that the topology of coadjoint orbits of wave profiles affects drift in a dramatic manner: orbits that are not homotopic to a point yield quantized rotation numbers. These arguments rely on the general structure of Euler equations, suggesting the existence of other similar applications of infinite-dimensional geometry to nonlinear waves.

Liens :[Blagoje Oblak][CPhT, École polytechnique]

• Séminaire LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Anna Minguzzi ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : Experiments with quantum simulators (made of ultracold atoms, trapped ions, etc.) are not only a way to realize low-energy states of quantum matter, but they also offer an unprecedented set of tools to control and analyze quantum dynamics. For systems that are well isolated from their environment, such dynamics is fully determined by the many-body Hamiltonian. In our theoretical study we consider spin models with power-law couplings; for small systems we describe the dynamics exactly, while we employ the time-dependent Variational Monte Carlo technique to treat larger sizes. We first focus on Quench Spectroscopy, an approach to characterize low-energy excitations on top of the ground state. Starting from an uncorrelated state, spin-spin correlations appear and propagate during time evolution. Their spectral analysis (in momentum and frequency) shows signatures of low-energy excitations, like the quasiparticles described by linear spin waves. Quench Spectroscopy is an alternative to traditional spectroscopy approaches, as those implemented through inelastic neutron scattering or Bragg spectroscopy. As a second application, we look at the dynamical signatures of a subtle property of the energy spectrum, namely the presence of Anderson's tower of states. These states are connected to the eigenstates of a simpler model, consisting of a large-spin rigid rotor. We show how this link can be unveiled in the time evolution of collective spin variables, and how it gives us information about the generation of squeezing during the dynamics.

• Séminaire théorie
• Personne à contacter : Adolfo Grushin ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model is an interaction-only toy model for quantum chaos, holography and non-Fermi liquids. In its simplest form, Majorana fermions interact via structureless all-to-all four-body interactions. In this talk, I will demonstrate that this system belongs to one of eight (real) Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classes set only by the number of Majorana fermions. We show that, depending on the symmetry class, the system may support exact many-body zero modes. These are manifestations of an intrinsic supersymmetry that requires no relations between couplings, in contrast to existing explicitly supersymmetric extensions of the model. The supersymmetry we uncover has a natural interpretation in terms of a one-dimensional topological phase supporting Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev boundary physics and has consequences away from the ground state, including in q-body dynamical correlation functions. Finally, I will briefly talk about a dynamical protocol based on Majorana zero modes that realize SYK physics.

Liens :[Jan Behrends][Cambridge University]

• Séminaire LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Vincent Rossetto ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : With current advances in state preparation, as well as gate and measurement operations, superconducting circuits are now a leading architecture for quantum information processing. As these systems are scaled up, strict requirements on the fidelity of operations required for computation and readout are imposed. In this talk we focus on the so-called “readout problem” in circuit quantum electrodynamics: several experiments have shown that qubit energy relaxation rates may become strongly dependent on the power of the measurement drive, even for moderate or weak drives; this hampers efforts to improve readout fidelity. To explain this, we devised a perturbation theory for driven-dissipative, weakly anharmonic, superconducting circuits based on a sequence of unitary transformations. Applied to a transmon qubit coupled to a readout resonator, this approach allows us to classify the nonlinear processes that enhance qubit relaxation in the presence of resonator photons. Among these, we are able to quantify changes to the Purcell rate, and to stimulated emission. Chiefly responsible for the dressing of relaxation rates are the counterrotating terms arising from the expansion of the Josephson potential, which are usually neglected in theories based on Kerr nonlinear oscillators. Time- permitting, we will discuss a general framework for quantizing driven superconducting circuits that arises from this study, with a concrete example in the accurate modeling of two-qubit gates.

Liens :[Université de Sherbrooke]

• Séminaire LPMMC
• Personne à contacter : Vincent Rossetto ()
• Conférence Zoom : consulter le lien de connexion dans les emails d'annonce ou contacter l'organisateur

Résumé : Many interesting physical phenomena are connected to strongly correlated systems, which, due to their complexity, cannot usually be studied analitically, making numerical approaches essential. The development of the latter and the study of the physical scenarios induced by strong correlations are therefore both of great importance: in my talk, I will present my results in the context of both these research directions. I will discuss my Path Integral Monte Carlo (MC) results about the equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium physics of a class of lattice bosonic models with extended-range interactions, relevant for experiments with cold Rydberg and Rydberg-dressed atoms, where exotic phenomena such as supersolid-supersolid transitions and (super)glass phases are induced by the formation of particle clusters in the medium- and strong-interaction regime. Furthermore, I will present my work on the ground-state properties of the fermionic t-J model, a candidate Hamiltonian to describe high-T_c superconductivity, in the presence of two mobile holes. Here, I employ Variational MC in conjunction with the Entangled Plaquette States (EPS) ansatz, a versatile and powerful trial wavefunction for the study of fermionic and frustrated many-body systems. My results confirm existing predictions with much higher accuracy and (unlike previously) to sizes large enough to approximate well the thermodynamic limit, and are foundational to prove the applicability of the EPS ansatz to other computationally challenging many-body problems.