Prochains séminaires
Fabian Natterer (University of Zurich) | Détails Fermer |
Sparse-Sampling, Multifrequency Excitation and High Dynamic Range Tunneling Spectroscopy le mardi 1er juillet 2025 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The massive number of spectra required for high-resolution quasiparticle interference of low-dimensional quantum materials motivates the development of faster point spectroscopies. While the advent of parallel spectroscopy and compressive sensing enhancements has provided welcome speed boosts, these come at a cost. The application of a sinusoidal voltage on the nonlinearities in the current-voltage characteristics of a tunneling junction generates a frequency comb of higher order current-harmonics. While their parallel measurement enables faster tunneling spectroscopy, it unfortunately averages longest where the currents are largest, leading to poor signal-to-noise ratios for smaller signals associated with features close to the Fermi level. After examining the key concepts of QPI, parallel spectroscopy, and compressive sensing, we introduce a multifrequency excitation mode that increases the averaging time for small currents, enabling fast and high-resolution spectroscopy. Additionally, the AC excitation of our method can be used to dramatically increase the dynamical current range by exactly and deliberately suppressing the large amplitude, low order harmonics that would otherwise saturate the preamplifier stage. Liens : |
Kater Murch (Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri ) | Détails Fermer |
Surface Engineering for Electron-on-Neon Quantum Computing Platforms le mardi 24 juin 2025 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Electrons confined to solid neon surfaces manipulated through circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) architecture represent a promising quantum computing platform with demonstrated impressive coherence times. I will present two interconnected investigations critical to advancing this technology. First, we examine how resonator and substrate surface properties influence the formation of electron-on-neon (eNe) charge states and their coupling to microwave resonators. Our experimental observations reveal that shallow-depth etching maximizes coupling strength, while comparisons of trapping statistics across devices with varied surface roughness elucidate the crucial role of fabrication-induced surface features in forming strongly coupled eNe states. These findings motivate our second investigation: characterizing the growth kinetics and film properties of neon on microchips. Using high-Tc YBCO microwave resonators, we analyze the uniformity, conformality, and solidification dynamics of both quench-condensed and liquid-grown neon thin films. Our microwave measurements between 4-30K reveal novel film thickness dynamics near neon's triple point, providing a comprehensive picture of neon deposition behavior on microwave resonators. Together, these studies address fundamental challenges in surface engineering and material growth essential for developing scalable electron-on-neon quantum computing systems. Liens :Kater MurchWashington University, St. Louis, Missouri |
Si Min Chan (National University of Singapore) | Détails Fermer |
Enhancement of Flat Band Superconductivity le vendredi 20 juin 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Flat band systems have been the focus of much interest due to the rich exotic physics they display such as non-conventional superconductivity. To study such systems, we developed a multi-band mean field method and showed excellent agreement with exact density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations over a very wide range of parameters and reveal the limits of validity of the simple BCS approach. We design flat band models with tunable topological properties to study the effect of topology, and illustrate the strong dependence of the superconducting density on the compact localized states, rather than being determined by the quantum metric. In addition, we examine the enhancement of superconductivity arising from the band touchings between the flat band and the next dispersive band. Lastly, we investigate superconducting transport in the DC field induced Wannier-Stark flat bands in the presence of interactions. We systematically characterize the superconducting behavior on these flat bands by studying the effect of the DC field and attractive Hubbard interaction strengths on the wavefunction, correlation length, pairing order parameter and the superfluid weight. In particular, we find that the superfluid weight is dramatically enhanced at an optimal value of the interaction strength and weak DC fields. Liens : |
Asian Selvakamuran (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Towards an all-optical single photon detector le mercredi 18 juin 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In the last few years the topic of quantum fluids of light has extensively been studied both with theoretical approaches and experimental measurements, giving unique results and raising new questions. One of the most promising examples of nonlinear quantum optical system is the polaritonic cavity where photons (light) and excitons (matter) are coupled. They can interact strongly with each other giving rise to nonlinear optical phenomena such as bistability, defined as the occurrence of two equilibrium stable states for the same observable quantity with the same set of control parameters. Under coherent pumping, it is possible to trigger a bistable transition, causing a far from equilibrium phase transition. In this work, we identify an optimal working point coming from the interplay between the integrated gain of photons and the jump probability: this is an interesting step ahead because we carried the simulation during the jump process. In this framework, the quadratic Bogoliubov approximation for the fluctuations becomes unreliable. Large quantum fluctuations require us to go beyond linear contributions and solve the full Lindblad's master equation. We use a cascade approach in order to study the evolution of the polaritons' number in the system under an external perturbation. Liens :LPMMC |
Yuval Ronen Annulé | Détails Fermer |
Even & Odd denominator quantum Hall interferometry in bilayer graphene le mardi 17 juin 2025 à 14:00 |
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Annulé
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Armando Angrisani (EPFL, Lausanne) | Détails Fermer |
Propagation-Based Simulation and Deployment of Near-Term Quantum Devices le vendredi 13 juin 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : As quantum devices continue to grow in scale while remaining affected by noise, it is essential to understand when and how they can offer a practical advantage over classical methods. Recently, a new family of classical algorithms based on Pauli propagation has emerged as a leading approach for simulating near-term quantum devices, raising the bar for demonstrating practical quantum advantage. Pauli propagation methods approximate the evolution of quantum operators in the Pauli basis and provide rigorous performance guarantees across a broad class of both noisy and noiseless circuits. More broadly, they have proven effective in simulating key proposals for near-term quantum applications, including Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks and noisy implementations of Trotter-based quantum simulations. In this talk, we will present recent theoretical advances in Pauli propagation and discuss how these methods can be used in conjunction with near-term quantum hardware to tackle practical tasks such as finding low-energy states of physical Hamiltonians or probing the properties of quantum many-body systems. Liens : |
Yuriel Nuñez Fernandez (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Solving the dynamics of quantum impurities with a few-body revealing approach le mercredi 11 juin 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Simulating precisely the non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum impurities is generally challenged by a complexity wall at long times. Exploiting time-dependent orbital rotations of matrix product states, we propose a numerically exact algorithm that reveals a hidden few-body and low entanglement structure of the quantum state vector for all times. This method provides drastic improvements both to the accuracy and to the running time of dynamical computations. As an application, we investigate the spatio-temporal formation of the Kondo screening cloud following a quantum quench. Liens :Institut Néel |
Gerbold Ménard (LPENS Paris) | Détails Fermer |
Time-resolved sensing of electromagnetic fields with single-electron interferometry le mardi 10 juin 2025 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The quantum coherence of single electronic states in mesoscopic system is usually very fragile. This fragility can be harnessed to create hyper-sensitive quantum sensors such that a single electron can detect a few photons excitation. In this work, we demonstrate a quantum sensor that exploits the variations of the phase of a single electron wavefunction upon its interaction with a classical time-dependent electric field. We use a Fabry-Perot interferometer in the quantum Hall regime to extract the phase of the wave packet as a function of time. Such device ensures a fast and sensitive detection as are able to detect a signal equivalent to a few microwave photons with a resolution of 50 ps. Moreover, by measuring both the phase and contrast of the interferometer, it is possible to obtain information on both the amplitude of the electromagnetic field and its fluctuations. This opens possibilities for on-chip detection of non-classical radiation such as squeezed states or Fock states. [1] Bartolomei, Hugo, et al. "Time-resolved sensing of electromagnetic fields with single-electron interferometry." Nature Nanotechnologies https://rdcu.be/edRw8 (2025) Liens : |
Martina Zündel (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Driven-dissipative bosons in one dimension le mercredi 04 juin 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The trace‐preserving, completely positive time evolution of an open quantum system is governed by the Lindblad master equation. Numerically probing bosons in such systems is particularly challenging because of their infinite‐dimensional Hilbert space. In this talk, we first investigate the spectral properties of the one‐dimensional driven‐dissipative Bose–Hubbard model with one-body incoherent pumping and loss. We compare these open-system spectra with (i) the ground-state excitation branches (Lieb I and II) and (ii) finite-temperature spectral functions. In the driven-dissipative regime, we find a nontrivial renormalization of the decay rate of the retarded Green’s function at large hopping amplitudes and strong interactions. Next, employing random-matrix theory, we demonstrate that the XX model (hard-core bosons on a lattice)— its continuum limit, the Tonks-Girardeau gas, known for its integrability even at finite temperature and under quenched time evolution—becomes non-integrable upon the introduction of homogeneous Markovian one-body pumping and loss. We then use perturbation theory to reveal emergent structures in the full Lindblad spectrum. Finally, we show how tensor-network methods enable access to larger system sizes and higher bosonic occupations. By adding two-body loss to the driven-dissipative Bose–Hubbard model, a quasi-condensate can emerge whose phase fluctuations in the one-dimensional thermodynamic limit, depending on the parameter regime, fall into the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality class. We complement the picture by investigating the spectrum of the full quantum evolution at strong but finite interactions. Liens :LPMMC |
David Indolese (IBM Europe Zurich) | Détails Fermer |
Microwave-optical transduction with barium titanate le mardi 03 juin 2025 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum computers have the potential to solve computational problems that are beyond the reach of classical computers. Superconducting circuits with nonlinear Josephson junctions are a leading platform for quantum computing, where qubits are encoded in microwave photons. However, microwave quantum signals are highly susceptible to thermal noise, necessitating cryogenic environments to maintain coherence. This challenge hinders the transmission of quantum signals over microwave cables at room temperature. A promising solution for long-range quantum communication without loss of coherence is to convert the microwave quantum state into optical photons, enabling the interconnection of remote superconducting processors. At IBM Research Europe – Zurich, we explore electro-optomechanical and electro-optical integrated photonic circuits for microwave-optical quantum transduction. Our investigation focuses on a triply resonant transducer composed of low-loss barium titanate (BaTiO3) waveguides integrated with a niobium superconducting microwave resonator. BaTiO3 has the potential to surpass currently used thin film platforms based on aluminum nitride or lithium niobate in terms of efficiency and noise reduction, thanks to its strong Pockels coefficient. The device demonstrates bidirectional microwave-optical transduction with total off-chip efficiencies of 1×10−6 using pulsed pumping. The used device concept allows in-situ poling of the ferroelectric material without introducing excess microwave loss. Additionally, we investigate optically induced heating, revealing fast thermalization and quasiparticle resilience of the microwave resonator. Liens : |
Sarah Mevel et Élodie Campan (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Two topics le mercredi 28 mai 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Sarah will talk about "Exploring Spin-Orbit Coupling in Quantum Hall Systems" and Élodie about "Thermodynamics of SU(N) Fermi-Hubbard Model with Semi-Standard Young Tableaux" Liens :LPMMC |
Alex Chin (CNRS et Sorbonne Université) | Détails Fermer |
Exploring decoherence and energy transfer with tensor network wave functions le lundi 26 mai 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The non-perturbative and non-Markovian dynamics of open quantum systems are highly challenging to simulate, due to the extensive quantum correlations that appear in both time and space between the observable systems and their environments. However, understanding and exploiting these rich - and often cooperative - physics could provide novel ways to optimise dissipative processes, particularly in the intrinsically ‘open' conditions related to energy harvesting and transduction. In this talk I will present a numerically exact approach to such problems based on the Time-Evolving Density with Orthogonal Polynomials (TEDOPA) technique, as it is currently implemented in the open source code MPSDynamics.jl [1,2]. Through a series of examples covering photosynthetic light-harvesting, organic photovoltaic materials and molecular photphysics, I’ll demonstrate how this approach provides direct insights into the microscopic, multi-scale interplay of dissipative processes that drive advanced functionalities in such systems, and suggest how these tools and emerging concepts could be exploited in designing future quantum devices. [1] MPSDynamics.jl: Tensor network simulations for finite-temperature (non-Markovian) open quantum system dynamics. Thibaut Lacroix, Brieuc Le Dé, Angela Riva, Angus J. Dunnett, Alex W. Chin J. Chem. Phys. 161, 084116 (2024) [2] https://github.com/shareloqs/MPSDynamics.jl Liens : |
Raquel Queiroz (U. of Columbia) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum geometry: how to picture bound electrons in infinite lattices le lundi 19 mai 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The concept of quantum geometry has been at the forefront of condensed matter physics, starting from how quantized Berry curvature leads to quantized Hall conductivity, anomalous velocities in Dirac metals, or other topological responses in a growing list of topological materials. Recently, the real part of the quantum geometric tensor - the quantum metric - has also been suggested to play an important role, both in response and in the tendency for materials to assume correlated ground states at low temperatures. In this talk, I will give a local picture of quantum geometry to create an intuition about what it is and when it is essential, relating it to how bonds are formed in infinite lattices. Liens : |
Felix Flicker (U. of Bristol) | Détails Fermer |
Witnessing the Quantum Spin Liquid in Herbertsmithite le vendredi 16 mai 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Herbertsmithite is the leading candidate to host a quantum spin liquid -- a long sought state of matter featuring long-range quantum entanglement and fractionalised 'spinon' excitations. However, despite two decades' work, definitive evidence remains lacking. One complicating factor is that the material features significant disorder in the form of magnetic impurities. Here we utilise these impurities as 'witnesses' to probe the quantum spin liquid. Using spin noise spectroscopy to measure witness magnetization fluctuations, we find unusual 1/f noise develop below a cusp in DC magnetic susceptibility at 260mK. Ageing effects confirm witness spin glass formation. I will present a microscopic model of witness interactions mediated by a Z2 quantum spin liquid. Despite having only one free parameter, the model gives a quantitative match to all experiments, including a spin glass transition, the temperature dependence of the susceptibility, the temperature and frequency dependence of the noise spectrum, the Curie Weiss temperature, and the previously observed neutron scattering intensity as a function of momentum transfer. Liens : |
Kirill Dubovitskii | Détails Fermer |
Cat qubits and quasiparticle-induced errors le mercredi 14 mai 2025 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : The performance of any physical qubit is limited by spurious noises, which makes extremely challenging the goal of building a quantum computer. To address this challenge, the concept of quantum error correction (QEC) has emerged. QEC consists in using multiple physical qubits to encode information, combined into a single logical qubit with sufficiently low error rates. It has been shown that the use of superconducting Schrodinger cat qubits can significantly improve the QEC thresholds. Cat qubits are driven quantum systems and differ significantly from conventional superconducting qubits, making their study interesting from the fundamental point of view, in addition to their importance for quantum technology. In this thesis, we conduct an extensive study of errors in cat qubits, with a particular focus on Bogolyubov quasiparticles. These quasiparticles are known to exist in superconducting devices even at the lowest temperatures. Unlike Cooper pairs, Bogolyubov quasiparticles can cause dissipation and degrade the performance of superconducting qubits. They are difficult to mitigate because they are intrinsic to the superconducting circuit. Thus, it is important to quantify their effect on cat qubits. The thesis covers three related projects. In the first project, I developed perturbation theory for the dissipative cat qubit, which can predict cat qubit lifetimes based on the strength of various noise types. In particular, I calculated the exponentially suppressed bit-flip rate of a cat qubit, and my analytical expressions show good agreement with numerical simulations. In the second project, I investigated the impact of Bogolyubov quasiparticles on cat qubits, including both the driven Kerr and driven-dissipative variations. I derived error rates caused by quasiparticles and found that, due to the driven nature of cat qubits, some error rates differ significantly from those in conventional superconducting qubits. I also examined the potential overheating of quasiparticles due to the drive. In the third project, I studied the pure dephasing rate induced by Bogolyubov quasiparticles. The noise caused by these quasiparticles exhibits long-time correlations, which prevents the determination of the pure dephasing rate using standard approaches perturbative in the coupling strength. By using the low quasiparticle concentration as a small parameter, I determined the pure dephasing rate and showed that the fermionic nature of the quasiparticles bath plays a crucial role. Liens : |
Max Hofheinz (Université de Sherbrooke) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum-limited amplifiers based on Josephson photonics le mardi 13 mai 2025 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Superconducting quantum devices usually operate Josephson junctions in the superconducting state as nonlinear inductors to form anharmonic oscillators. Strong anharmonicity is used for qubits while weak anharmonicity in used for amplification to parametrically convert pump photons into signal and idler photons. In this talk I will show that Josephson junctions can also yield useful quantum devices when operated in the voltage state. In this configuration, called Josephson photonics, Cooper pairs, tunneling through a junction biased at a voltage V below the gap, can transfer their energy 2eV into one or more photons in the harmonic modes of the circuit in which the junction is embedded (1). In Josephson photonics, the junction, therefore, acts as a nonlinear drive, doing away with the pump tones that are usually required to operate quantum devices, thereby removing the hardware overhead required for generating, routing, and filtering of these tones. I will show how we use Josephson photonics to implement quantum-limited linear amplifiers (2) and photon-number amplifiers (3), which amplify photon number while deamplifying phase and promise to be useful for counting itinerant microwave photons. (1) Hofheinz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 217005 (2011) (2) Martel et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 126, 074001 (2025) (3) Albert et al., Phys. Rev. X 14, 011011 (2024) Liens : |
Daniel Varjas | Détails Fermer |
Isotropic amorphous topological phases le mercredi 07 mai 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Topological phases of matter are distinguished by robust properties that are insensitive to perturbations. These include quantized responses, perfectly conducting interfaces, and exactly zero energy modes, with wide-ranging technological applications. Recent years saw the complete classification of topological band structures, revealing an abundance of topological crystalline insulators. Many questions about the robustness of these phases to disorder are, however, still open. We develop new theoretical and numerical methods based on local topological markers and effective momentum-space Hamiltonians to study topological phases in disordered systems. We introduce symmetry indicators for amorphous systems, and we also demonstrate that it is possible to construct a fully isotropic and inversion-symmetric three-dimensional medium where time-reversal symmetry is systematically broken. We propose an amorphous system with scalar time-reversal symmetry breaking, implemented by hopping through chiral magnetic clusters along the bonds. The average spatial symmetries alone protect a statistical topological insulator phase in this system, analogous to crystalline mirror Chern insulators. We also show the expected transport properties of a three-dimensional statistical topological insulator, which remains critical on the surface for odd values of the invariant. Liens : |
Patrick Potts (Unviersity of BAsel) | Détails Fermer |
Active Quantum Reservoir Engineering - Using a Qubit to Manipulate its Environment le mardi 06 mai 2025 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum reservoir engineering leverages dissipative processes to achieve desired behavior, with applications ranging from entanglement generation to quantum error correction. Thereby, a structured environment thereby acts as an entropy sink for the system and no time-dependent control over the system is required. In this work, we focus on an active approach to reservoir engineering, where time-dependent control over a quantum system is used to manipulate its environment. In this case, the system may act as an entropy sink for the environment. We develop a theoretical description for active reservoir engineering that captures the dynamical interplay between system and environment, and provides an intuitive picture of how finite-size effects and system-environment correlations allow for manipulating the environment by repeated initialization of the quantum system. We illustrate our results with two examples: a superconducting qubit coupled to an environment of two-level systems and a semiconducting quantum dot coupled to nuclear spins. In both scenarios, we find qualitative agreement with previous experimental results. By providing a theoretical framework for active reservoir engineering, our work opens new avenues to control open quantum systems. Liens : |
Pino Falci (University of Catania, Italy) | Détails Fermer |
Ultrafast intercore computation between distant solid-state QPUs le mardi 29 avril 2025 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Adiabatic passage is a powerful control technique atomic physics which is gaining interest also in the solid-state realm since it implements quantum operations which are very robust against parametric fluctuations. We exploit the application of coherent techniques as coherent transport by adiabatic passage (CTAP) or stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in quantum architectures where the robustness of the protocols may determine key advantages for selected tasks(1,2). As a first example we discuss quantum operation for modular computing in ultrastrongly coupled structures of artificial atoms (3) studying the design of ultrafast operations between different QPUs. Faster dynamics has a cost since USC breaks the symmetry associated with the conservation of the number of excitations, leading to a series of fundamental physical effects but detrimental for quantum state processing. In particular the highly entangled nature of the eigenstates, dressed by a potentially very large number of virtual photons, leads to leakage of excitation via the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE). We show that CTAP-like manipulation ensure the suppression of unrecoverable errors due to the dynamical Casimir effect and can be crafted in a way that other errors due to couterrotating interaction can be corrected. We study state-trandfer between QPUs and protocolls performing SWAP gates and N-qubit entanglement sharing. We address quantification of performaces by quantum communication theory (4). A second example is noise classification in multilevel quantum structures where we propose a STIRAP-based supervised learning procedure to recognize energy-correlations of noise and their relation to the Markovianity of the environment (5). (1) Jonathon Brown et al 2021 New J. Phys. 23 093035 (2) L. Giannelli, et al. 2024 Phys. Rev. Research 6, 013008 (3) L. Giannelli et al. Il Nuovo Cimento C 45-6, 171 (2022); G. Falci et al., in preparation (2025). (4) S. Cordovana et al., to be published in EPJ-ST (2025). (5) S. Mukherjee, et al., Machine Learning: Science and Technology 5, 045049 (2024) arXiv:2405.01987 Liens :Pino Falci |
Olivier Gingras (CEA Saclay et Flatiron Institute) | Détails Fermer |
First-principles simulations of quantum materials: From the normal to the superconducting state le vendredi 18 avril 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Many-body correlations in quantum materials can generate various complex and intriguing phenomena such as Hund metallicity, magnetism and unconventional superconductivity. We use the union of density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory (DFT, DMFT), a first-principles framework with very few adjustable parameters, to numerically investigate these phenomena in various materials. In particular, we will focus on strontium ruthenate, a material for which the normal state obtained using DFT et DMFT yields an impressive agreement with experiments. However, despite three decades of intensive research on this material, a consensus on the symmetry of its order parameter remains elusive. We will discuss different methods to interrogate a normal-state regarding potential low-temperature superconducting instabilities. For this specific material, the leading symmetry appears to be a generalized d-wave, while for the second leading instability, the calculations suggest odd-frequency pairing. Liens : |
Vincent Renard (CEA Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Magnetism, Berry phase, Kekulé vortex, all at once : the physics of a carbon vacancy in graphene le mardi 15 avril 2025 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The physics of a carbon vacancy in graphene has been the subject of intense research since the early days of graphene. It was studied from various points of views: zero energy state (1), bound charge and its fractionalization (2,3), magnetism (4,5) and unusual Friedel oscillations (6). And yet the interrelation of all these is still not completely clear. In this presentation, I will review these results and explain how our recent discovery of a vortex in the bond order near the vacancy (7) (so-called Kekulé vortex) provides a unified framework to understand these seemingly disparate aspects of the carbon vacancy physics. I will show how that, in addition, this research has led to the recognition that the local density of states measured near defects is a topological observable. (1) Pereira, V. M., Guinea, F., Lopes dos Santos, J. M. B., Peres, N. M. R. Castro Neto, A. H. Disorder Induced Localized States in Graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 036801 (2006). (2) Ducastelle, F. Electronic structure of vacancy resonant states in graphene: a critical review of the single-vacancy case. Phys. Rev. B 88, 075413 (2013) (3) Ovdat, O., Don, Y. & Akkermans, E. Vacancies in graphene: Dirac physics and fractional vacuum charges. Phys. Rev. B 102, 075109 (2020) (4) Yazyev, O. V. & Helm, L. Defect-induced magnetism in graphene. Phys. Rev. B 75, 125408 (2007). (5) González-Herrero, H. et al. Atomic-scale control of graphene magnetism by using hydrogen atoms. Science 352, 437–441 (2016). (6) Dutreix, C. et al. Measuring the Berry phase of graphene from wavefront dislocations in Friedel oscillations. Nature 574, 219–222 (2019). (7) Guan, Y et al. Observation of Kekulé vortices around hydrogen adatoms in graphene. 15, 2927 (2024) Liens : |
Charles Stahl (Stanford University) | Détails Fermer |
Rokhsar-Kivelson models of Hilbert Space Shattering le vendredi 11 avril 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Hilbert-space shattering is usually presented as a delicate phenomenon, wherein generic perturbations quickly restore ergodicity. In this work we introduce a large class of models exhibiting robust ergodicity breaking in quantum dynamics. The shattering in these models is topological in the sense that it persists to all orders of perturbation theory. This means that ergodicity is not restored, at least for timescales exponentially long in the perturbation strength. The models have crisp connections to gauge theories, and generalize Kitaev's quantum double to infinite groups. We also argue that in some group-based models, within a region of parameter space, each Krylov sector hosts a lowest-energy state that remains absolutely stable to generic perturbations for times that diverge with system size. We discuss how this conjectured absolute stability depends on the input group. In three dimensions we argue that this ergodicity breaking even survives coupling to a nonzero-temperature heat bath. Liens : |
Tereza Vakhtel (TU Delft) | Détails Fermer |
Long-range optical coupling of distant quantum dot spins le mardi 08 avril 2025 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Long-distance interactions are crucial for scaling quantum dot spin qubit devices. Silicon presents a promising platform for these advancements, as it enables the simultaneous integration of photonic circuits and colour centres (such as T-centers), strongly coupled to telecom light, as well as gate-defined SiMOS quantum dot spin qubits. We propose a scheme that leverages T-centers to mediate the interaction between quantum dot spin qubits and optical light. This approach can be extended to achieve either ultra-long-distance entanglement between two quantum dot spins or be adapted for fast and all-optical quantum measurement. Additionally, we estimate fidelities for prepared Bell states under realistic experimental conditions. Liens : |
Léonie Canet et Thierry Gallay (LPMMC et Institut Fourier ) | Détails Fermer |
Advances in Navier-Stokes physics le vendredi 04 avril 2025 à 10:30 |
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Résumé : Space-time velocity correlation functions in turbulenceCalculating, from Navier-Stokes equation, the statistical properties of homogeneous and isotropic fully developed turbulence remains an unsolved issue. The theoretical challenge to overcome is that correlation functions are determined by an infinite hierarchy of coupled dynamical equations which needs to be closed. The functional renormalisation group (FRG) offers an interesting theoretical tool to tackle this problem and achieve a controlled closure in the limit of large wavenumbers. Indeed, I will show how it allows one to deeply exploit symmetries and obtain in the large wavenumber limit analytical results on the space-time dependence of generic multi-point correlation functions of the turbulent velocity. I will then compare these predictions with available results from direct numerical simulations and experiments.Dynamics of vortices in two-dimensional or axisymmetric flowsThe analysis of the Navier-Stokes equations raises a number of difficult mathematical problems, some of which are beyond the reach of currently available techniques. For this reason, general results are typically obtained under symmetry assumptions that reduce the complexity of the flow. Classical examples, where global well-posedness is known to hold, include two-dimensional flows and axisymmetric flows without swirl. The goal of this talk is to discuss the stability and the interaction of concentrated vortices in such situations. Our results provide a rigorous derivation of the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff system for point vortices in the whole plane, and a complete justification of the Kelvin-Saffman formula for the translational velocity of a vortex ring. Higher order corrections due to finite size effects are also considered.Liens : |
Mikhail Feigelman (Jozef Stefan Institute and CENN Nanocenter, Ljubljana) | Détails Fermer |
Anomalous decay of high energy states in many-body quantum systems le mercredi 02 avril 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Full spectrum of a large quantum system (composed e.g. of spins 1/2) is of macroscopic width, proportional to the number of spins N. However, usual lowest-lying excitations compose a band of some width W that is size-independent. I will report theoretical results describing the probability of decay of high-energy local excitation with energy N W >> E >> W into the many-body continuum. For such a decay to occur, a generation of a large number of excitations is necessary, so the problem becomes a truly many-body one. I will provide results of analytical theory and numerics, both of them demonstrating the behavior of the decay rate Γ that is qualitatively different between a 1-dimensional integrable spin chain and a generic 2-dimensional spin array. While in the integrable case -lnΓ ~ (E/W)2, a generic behavior of Γ(E) is found to be a simple exponential: -lnΓ ~ (E/W). Liens : |
Akira Oiwa (SANEKN, The University of Osaka) | Détails Fermer |
Semiconductor spin qubits for quantum networking le mardi 1er avril 2025 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Semiconductor spin qubit is well recognized as a promising platform for scalable fault-tolerant quantum computers (FTQCs) because of relatively long spin coherence time in solid state devices and high-electrical tuneability of the quantum states (1). Indeed, the single qubit and two-qubit gate operation with high fidelity exceeding fault-tolerance threshold have been demonstrated (2,3,4). These achievements have ignited research for scaling up the qubits towards million qubit systems operating based on quantum error correction. The strategy for scaling-up to million qubits is not simply arranging qubits in neighbor to each other but building quantum networks by intermediate quantum state transfer or optical networking are considered as more effective routes to develop FTQCs. In this talk, we present the photon-polarization to spin quantum interface for connecting quantum computers to the optical quantum networks (5,6), a high-fidelity spin qubit operation in GaAs triple QD, and the acceleration of the adiabatic spin state transfer bringing a concept to shortcut to adiabaticity into the intermediate spin state transfer for middle range spin quantum link (7). (1) G. Burkard et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 025003 (2023). (2) J. Yoneda et al., Nature Nanotechology 13, 102 (2018). (3) A. Noiri et al., Nature 601, 338 (2022). (4) X. Xue et al., Nature 601, 343 (2022). (5) T. Fujita et al., Nature Commun. 10, 2991 (2019). (6) K. Kuroyama et al., Phys. Rev. B 10, 2991 (2019). (7) X.-F. Liu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 027002 (2024). Liens : |
Mikael Rechtsman (Penn State) | Détails Fermer |
QuantAlps Lecture II: Nonlinear Topological Photonics le vendredi 14 mars 2025 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : QuantAlps Lecture II: In the previous lecture, I discussed non-interacting photonic Chern insulators with chiral edge states. In this lecture I'll consider the case when we turn on interactions between the photons at the mean-field level, or in other words, optical nonlinearity. Topics will include bulk and edge state solitons, as well as integer and fractional quantization of transport in photonic Thouless pumps. Note: Coffee and pastries will be served at the break. Liens : |
Anasua Chatterjee (TU Delft) | Détails Fermer |
A quantum dot in germanium proximitized by a superconductor le mardi 11 mars 2025 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : As one of the few group IV materials with the potential to host superconductor–semiconductor hybrid devices, planar germanium hosting proximitized quantum dots is a compelling platform to achieve and combine topological superconductivity with existing and new qubit modalities. We demonstrate a quantum dot in a Ge/SiGe heterostructure proximitized by a platinum germanosilicide (PtSiGe) superconducting lead, forming a superconducting lead–quantum dot–superconducting lead junction. We show tunability of the coupling strength between the quantum dot and the superconducting lead, and gate control of the ratio of charging energy and the induced gap, and we tune the ground state of the system between even and odd parity. Furthermore, we characterize critical magnetic field strengths, finding a critical out-of-plane field of 0.90 ± 0.04 T. Finally, we explore sub-gap spin splitting, observing rich physics in the resulting spectra, that we model using a zero-bandwidth model in the Yu–Shiba–Rusinov limit. Our findings open up the physics of alternative spin and superconducting qubits, and the physics of Josephson junction arrays, in germanium. Liens :Anasua Chatterjee |
Mikael Rechtsman (Penn State) | Détails Fermer |
Topological Photonics from a Floquet Perspective le mardi 11 mars 2025 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : QuantAlps Lecture I: When non-interacting electrons are free to move in two dimensions under the influence of a magnetic field, their conductance is sharply quantized, even in the presence of disorder. This can be understood in terms of electronic states that lie at the edge of the sample and are immune scattering by defects. A central goal of topological photonics has been to realize such states for photons - rather than electrons - to be used as highly robust waveguides. The difficulty has been that since photons have no charge, they don't respond to a magnetic field. In this lecture series I will present a selected history of the field from the perspective of the use of Floquet temporal modulation to get around this problem and realize robust chiral edge states for light. Note: Coffee and pastries will be served at the break. Liens : |
Isidora Araya (TU Delft) | Détails Fermer |
Chiral adiabatic transmission protected by Fermi surface topology le vendredi 21 février 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk I will demonstrate that Andreev modes that propagate along a transparent Josephson junction have a perfect transmission at the point where three junctions meet. The chirality and the number of quantized transmission channels is determined by the topology of the Fermi surface and the vorticity of the superconducting phase differences at the trijunction. We expect that this Chiral Adiabatic Transmission (CAT) is observable in nonlocal conductance and thermal transport measurements. Furthermore, because it does not rely on particle-hole symmetry, CAT is also possible to observe directly in metamaterials. https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.17160 Liens : |
Amanda Seedhouse (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Strategies for noisy spin-based quantum computation le mercredi 19 février 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Single electron spins in silicon quantum dots offer a promising pathway to scalable quantum computing, leveraging compatibility with semiconductor technologies and the high tunability of electrons. However, the susceptibility of these qubits to noise remains a critical challenge. This seminar explores ongoing research into understanding and mitigating noise in spin qubit hardware, focusing on strategies to enhance qubit fidelity in a scalable manner. Liens :LPMMC |
Cécilia Lancien et Yuriel Nuñez-Fernandez (Institut Fourier et Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Mathematics and Physics of Tensor Networks le vendredi 14 février 2025 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : A pair of seminars on the mathematics and theoretical physics of tensor networks. Liens : |
Lucien Jezequel (KTH Stockholm) | Détails Fermer |
The Mode-Shell correspondence, a unifying concept in topological physics le mercredi 12 février 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In quantum or classical wave systems, some properties of wave systems are known to be topologically protected. Due to their increased robustness, such properties have attracted much interest in the past decades. The most studied case is the existence of unidirectional edge states in the quantum Hall effect and, more generally, the existence of protected states at the edges of topologically insulators. An important result is then the bulk-edge correspondence that links the existence of topological edge states to a topological index defined in the volume of the material. This is not the only case studied in topological physics and different, yet similar, results have been obtained for topological semimetals, higher order insulators or continuous wave systems. In this talk I will explain how all these results can be understood in a unifying theory using the mode-shell correspondence formalism which relates the existence of isolated topological modes in phase space, to a topological invariant defined in the surface which encloses these modes in phase space. Invariant that reduces to Chern or winding numbers in the semiclassical limit. ReferencesMode-shell correspondence, a unifying phase space theory in topological physics[1] Part I: Chiral number of zero-modes [2] Part II: Higher-dimensional spectral invariants Liens : |
Alexandre Assouline (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Thermodynamics of Fractional Quantum Hall States in Graphene Devices le mardi 11 février 2025 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Non-Abelian states of matter retain memory of the order in which their quasiparticles are exchanged, presenting an intriguing possibility in condensed matter physics. While some fractional quantum Hall states are expected to host non-Abelian quasiparticles, they have been notoriously difficult to probe due to the narrow energy range over which they are realized. In this talk, I will report the quantitative determination of fractional quantum Hall energy gaps in bilayer graphene using both thermally activated transport and direct measurements of the chemical potential. These experiments establish bilayer graphene as a robust platform for probing the non-Abelian anyons expected to arise as the elementary excitations of even-denominator fractional quantum Hall states. Additionally, I will show that chemical potential measurements can be used to extract the entropy of quantum Hall phases, providing new insights into the nature of their excitations. Liens : |
Adam Yanis Chaou (FU Berlin) | Détails Fermer |
Disordered topological crystalline phases le mardi 11 février 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The imposition of crystalline symmetries is known to lead to a rich variety of insulating and superconducting topological phases. These include higher-order topological phases and obstructed atomic limits. We classify such topological crystalline phases (TCPs) in the presence of disorder that preserves the crystalline symmetry on average. We find that, while clean TCPs evade a general bulk-boundary principle, disordered TCPs admit a complete bulk-boundary correspondence. While the boundary signatures of most disordered TCPs are similar to their clean counterparts, the addition of disorder to certain TCPs results in higher-order statistical topological phases, in which zero-energy hinge states have critical wavefunction statistics, while remaining protected from Anderson localization. Liens : |
Jean Dalibard | Détails Fermer |
Scale invariance explored with ultracold atomic gases le vendredi 24 janvier 2025 à 09:30 |
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Résumé : Scale invariance, a concept initially introduced in high-energy physics, has gained numerous applications in the physics of quantum fluids. It is applicable to strongly interacting Fermi gases, two-dimensional Bose gases, as well as few-body systems that exhibit the "Efimov effect." In the presentation, I will illustrate how scale and conformal invariance emerge in cold atomic gases. I will use various examples ranging from thermodynamics to molecular physics to specific structures with periodic time evolution called "breathers". Liens :Jean Dalibard |
Nina Javerzat (LIPhy ) | Détails Fermer |
Conformal invariance at fluid/solid transitions: new results on 2D rigidity percolation le mercredi 22 janvier 2025 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Rigidity Percolation (RP) attracted much attention in soft matter, as an elegant framework to understand the non-trivial emergence of solidity in media that not present any long-range structural order. The solidification of amorphous systems like gels, fiber networks or living tissues can indeed be understood by focusing on locally rigid structures --clusters, that form and grow until one eventually percolates the whole system, ensuring macroscopic mechanical stability. As a statistical model, Rigidity Percolation is defined from the concept of graph rigidity. I will explain that RP possesses a unique non-local character, which makes it fundamentally different (and much more difficult) than the usual Connectivity Percolation problem. Inspired by the great success of conformal field theory to understand critical phenomena, I have recently examined conformal invariance in 2D Rigidity Percolation. I will present a first work where I gave numerical evidence of conformal invariance from properties of the connectivity functions --the probabilities that points belong to the same rigid clusters. I will present a subsequent work where I used a rigorous mathematical framework, Schramm-Loewner Evolution, to provide additional numerical evidence that the interfaces of rigid clusters are conformally invariant random fractal curves. This allows notably to obtain a new relation between two of the critical exponents of RP. A lot remains to be understood about Rigidity Percolation, and I will end with my favourite perspectives. References
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Jean Dalibard (Collège de France) | Détails Fermer |
Solitons in quantum fluids, a surprisingly rich world le vendredi 17 janvier 2025 à 09:30 |
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Résumé : Solitons are wave packets that maintain their shape during free propagation, thanks to a non-linearity that prevents the usual spreading. In quantum fluids, this non-linear element is provided by interactions, which can be described by a Gross-Pitaevskii-type equation. In this way, bright and dark solitons are observed for attractive and repulsive interactions, respectively. After describing some of these results, I will turn to mixtures of quantum gases which lead to a richer physics, with the emergence of magnetic solitons and liquid-like states, both of which show rather counterintuitive behaviors. Liens :Jean Dalibard |
Jean Dalibard (Collège de France) | Détails Fermer |
Superfluidity and quantum coherence: the two sides of the same coin, really? le vendredi 10 janvier 2025 à 09:30 |
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Résumé : Macroscopic quantum coherence emerges in fluids such as Bose-Einstein condensates, where a significant fraction of the particles share the same wave function. Superfluidity describes the rigidity of a gas or a liquid when we try to set it in motion. Although the two phenomena are often linked, they are not equivalent. In this lecture, I will use recent experiments with quantum gases to show that we can have a superfluid system with no long-range coherence, and conversely a fully coherent system with only a small superfluid fraction. Liens :Jean Dalibard |
Valentin Lallemant (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
The Oslo model and its stationary state le mercredi 18 décembre 2024 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Andrei Bernevig (Princeton Universtiy, Donostia International Physics Center and IKERBASQUE Foundation for Science ) | Détails Fermer |
Moire Systems as Quantum Simulators of Any Strongly Correlated System le mardi 17 décembre 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We will review the beginning of experimental and theoretical studies of moire systems and their evolution up to present. We will show how thousands of p orbitals in a moire unit cell of graphene can create single Heavy fermion at moire scale, and how the interaction between such fermions can lead to a perfect quantum simulator of an Anderson model. We will then present a catalogue of possible twistable materials and show how a huge variety of strongly interacting models can be realized in twisted homo and hetero twiste bilayers and multilayers of these materials. Liens : |
Samyak Prasad | Détails Fermer |
Tracking Correlations through Autonomous Collisional Models - Impact on Dynamics and Energetics le mardi 17 décembre 2024 à 14:00 |
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Chunxiao Liu (Berkeley University) | Détails Fermer |
Characterizing 3D quantum paramagnets using Lieb-Schultz-Mattis constraints le vendredi 13 décembre 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum paramagnets represent intriguing quantum phases that evade ordering even at absolute zero temperature. While detecting their presence is relatively straightforward, unraveling their fundamental nature can be a challenging task. In this talk, I will present our recent work [1] on the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) constraints which prohibit certain quantum paramagnets from being a “trivial” one. I will illustrate the use of these results through two examples: (1) the prediction of a Dirac spin liquid in the triangular lattice compound NaYbO2, and (2) the characterization of U(1) quantum spin liquids in a pyrochlore S=1/2 antiferromagnet. I will highlight the topological response theory underlying the LSM constraints that we developed, containing information about symmetry, excitations, and lattice defects, applicable to all 3D quantum paramagnets. [1] Liu & Ye, arXiv:2410.03607. Liens : |
Youssef Aiache (Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco) | Détails Fermer |
Enhancing Non-equilibrium Quantum Thermometry le mercredi 11 décembre 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In recent years, quantum thermometry has emerged as a promising approach for
achieving precise temperature measurements at the nanoscale, where classical
thermometers fail to perform effectively. Quantum probes, such as single- and two-
qubit systems, offer a powerful method for accurately measuring the temperature of
a bosonic bath. In this talk, I will discuss how the precision of temperature
estimation can be improved through the use of quantum Fisher information and the
quantum signal-to-noise ratio. A key result is that introducing an ancilla qubit, which
mediates the interaction between the probe and the thermal environment,
enhances the thermometric sensitivity by encoding temperature information into the
coherence of the probe. We further investigate the use of two interacting qubits,
either entangled or separated initially, as quantum probes in various environmental
configurations.
ReferenceY. Aiache, A. El Allati, and K. El Anouz, Physical Review A 110, 032605 (2024), arXiv:2411.05950Liens : |
Julien Basset (LPS (Orsay)) | Détails Fermer |
Photoelectric detection of single microwave photons in a granular aluminum high-impedance quantum circuit le mardi 10 décembre 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : I will present our recent efforts towards realizing the photoelectric detection of single microwave photons, a key missing element in microwave quantum optics. I will start first by explaining our approach to realize an efficient and continuous microwave photon-to-electron converter with large quantum efficiency and low dark current. I will insist on the fact that these unique properties were enabled by the use of a high kinetic inductance disordered superconductor, granular aluminium, to enhance light-matter interaction and the coupling of microwave photons to electron tunnelling processes. As a consequence of strong coupling, we could observe both linear and nonlinear photon-assisted processes where two, three, and four photons are converted into a single electron at unprecedentedly low light intensities. I will then proceed by explaining the implementation of a charge-based detection technique that allows to sense individual microwave photons as a result of photoelectron conversion. Liens : |
Francesco Vercesi (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Criticalité hors-équilibre en une dimension: de l'équation de Kardar-Parisi-Zhang aux condensats d'exciton-polaritons le lundi 09 décembre 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la dynamique critique des systèmes hors-équilibre en une dimension. Dans ce contexte, un rôle majeur est joué par l’équation de Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ), une équation aux dérivées partielles stochastique qui décrit la dynamique d’interfaces croissantes, et qui constitue un modèle paradigmatique de la physique statistique hors-équilibre. Dans une première partie, nous mettons en évidence le point fixe nommé `Inviscid Burgers' (IB), qui émerge dans la limite de non-linéarité infinie de l'équation KPZ. Ensuite, nous examinons l’émergence du point fixe IB dans les systèmes hors-équilibre décrits par l’équation de Ginzburg-Landau complexe, dans le régime connu comme turbulence de phase. Dans ce contexte, nous trouvons que ce point fixe gouverne les propriétés statistiques aux échelles intermédiaires entre les patterns chaotiques issus de l'instabilité modulationnelle et le comportement à grande échelle qui est décrit par le point fixe KPZ. Dans une deuxième partie, nous présentons une étude de la dynamique macroscopique des condensats d'excitons-polaritons unidimensionnels. Ces systèmes quantiques hors-équilibre représentent une plateforme d'intérêt majeur pour l'observation de phénomènes critiques émergents, notamment les fluctuations de phase appartiennent à l’universalité KPZ. Nous caractérisons le diagramme de phases de ces condensats, dans lesquels nous montrons comment la dynamique KPZ peut être détruite par la prolifération de défauts topologiques et solitons, tout en discutant les implications expérimentales. Liens :LPMMC |
Ioan Pop (KIT) | Détails Fermer |
Superconducting qubits in high magnetic field le mardi 03 décembre 2024 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Using a nano-Josephson junction, of only 20 nm cross-section, and superconducting granular Aluminum films with critical field above 5 Tesla, we operate a flux qubit in magnetic field of up-to 1.2 Tesla. Remarkably, the spectrum and coherence of the qubit remain stable in this entire range, and we observe the freezing of a paramagnetic spin ensemble coupled to the qubit. Liens : |
Ivan Amelio (Université Libre de Bruxelles) | Détails Fermer |
Polaron spectroscopy of many-body systems le vendredi 29 novembre 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : When an impurity is immersed in a many-body background, it is dressed by the excitations of the bath, and forms "a polaron". As a result, the injection spectrum of the impurity carries the hallmarks of the correlations present in the bath. This physics is relevant for excitons optically injected in a few layer heterostructure, or for cold atomic mixtures. In this talk, we will first review the basic theoretical framework and recent experimental progress. Then, we will theoretically analyze a few cases of correlated many-body states: the impurity injection spectra are predicted to display peculiar features, that allow to distinguish whether the bath features BCS pairing, charge density waves, topological phases, the BKT transition, etc. Liens : |
Thibault Scoquart (KIT) | Détails Fermer |
The role of Fock space correlations in Many-Body localization le vendredi 22 novembre 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Typical models for many-body localization (MBL) can be represented as tight-binding models over the many-body Hilbert space (Fock space), where sites correspond to non-interacting basis states, and possible hoppings depend on interaction. In this representation, the disordered model is fully specified by the joint distributions and correlations for on-site energies as well as hopping matrix elements. References
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Silvia Musolino (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Spin dynamics in strongly interacting one-dimensional atomic mixtures le mercredi 20 novembre 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Ultracold atoms confined in one dimension with strongly repulsive interactions behave like a gas of impenetrable particles, whose wave function vanishes when two particles approach each others and change its sign according to particle-exchange symmetry. In this regime, the so-called Tonks-Girardeau regime, these systems are exactly solvable via a Bose-Fermi mapping, which can be generalized to arbitrary confining geometries and include spin degrees of freedom. The latter are described by a spin-chain model with nearest-neighbor interactions. In this talk, I will focus on two specific aspects of the dynamical properties of these systems: the role played by an interaction imbalance [1] and the finite-size effects due to the presence of a box trap [2, 3]. Both aspects are analyzed in particular by looking at the momentum distribution of the particles, an observable easily accessible in ultracold experiments.
References
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Matteo Votto (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Programming and learning quantum processors le vendredi 15 novembre 2024 à 10:30 |
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Résumé : The significant advancements in atomic, molecular and optical physics characterizing the last few decades have brought us a proliferation of highly controllable many-body quantum systems. These are promising platforms to realize quantum processors, i.e. quantum systems that can be programmed to simulate the dynamics of a target model, or to solve challenging computational problems. As they hold the promises of large-scale quantum simulations and fault-tolerant quantum computing, this new generation of quantum processors also bring a new set of theoretical challenges. In my thesis I focus on two key matters: (1) programming a quantum system with fixed interactions to realize quantum circuits and Hamiltonian dynamics, and (2) learning the structure of the state of a quantum processor from measurement data. In the first part we present a protocol which allows to engineer arbitrary Hamiltonian dynamics in a variety of programmable quantum simulators, based on the local driving of their degrees of freedom. We illustrate concrete applications of this protocol through examples in the contexts of quantum simulation, quantum error correction and quantum optimization. Finally, inspired by recent experimental works, we consider the effects of several experimental imperfections, demonstrating how these pulse sequences are naturally robust. This makes our protocol well-suited for near-term quantum experiments, resulting in a promising approach to realize universal quantum processing in systems which do not allow for a direct control of their interactions. In the second part we develop new methods to characterize the quantum state of a quantum processors using the recently introduced framework of randomized measurements. Among the work done in this direction, we discuss how properties of one-dimensional tensor network mixed states (i.e. matrix-product density operators) allow us to prove an approximate local factorization of fidelities between such states. This implies that these states can be benchmarked on quantum processors with polynomially many local measurements, which are available in several experiments. Leveraging on this insight, we introduce a provably scalable learning algorithm to reconstruct matrix-product operators from randomized measurement data. These results extend the scope of randomized measurements, and uncover new applications in structured quantum states of many qubits. Liens : |
Frank Schindler (Imperial College London) | Détails Fermer |
Excitons and Topology le jeudi 14 novembre 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Topological band theory has celebrated various successes over the last few years, such as the recent classifications of crystalline materials based on their space group symmetry. We are currently witnessing a drive to generalise this theory to the case where interactions between electrons become relevant, with much work focused on ground states. As an alternative direction, we here study the topology of interaction-induced excitations, specifically excitons in semiconductors. In my talk, I will give a pedagogical introduction to the classification and bulk-boundary correspondence of exciton band structures based on inversion symmetry. Liens : |
Léo Mangeolle (TU München) | Détails Fermer |
Thermal Hall conductivity for neutral bosons from the quantum kinetic equation le mercredi 13 novembre 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Thermal Hall conductivity has recently emerged as an experimentally accessible property of materials, especially insulators. Theoretical understanding thereof has remained a challenge, in particular since the breaking of time-reversal symmetry by neutral particles is nontrivial and can emerge from multiple mechanisms (semiclassical dynamics, skew-scattering, etc). In a first part, I will present a general formulation of skew-scattering of energy-carrying bosons by other collective excitations. Specializing to phonon-magnon interactions, I will show that a phonon thermal Hall effect from skew-scattering in antiferromagnets is allowed by magnetoelastic and spin-orbit couplings. In a second part, I will focus on the free semiclassical dynamics of neutral bosons, and present a systematic derivation of their kinetic equation, incorporating the topological dynamics of wavepackets in the form of Berry curvatures (generalized to phase space). This makes it possible to treat inhomogeneous systems, including boundaries, textures, etc., in a compact and natural manner. If time permits, I will eventually mention some ongoing work on skyrmion lattices. Liens : |
Wenmin Yang (Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Evidence of Electron Pairing and Tripling in a Graphene-based Quantum Hall Fabry–Pérot Interferometer le mardi 12 novembre 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Fabry–Pérot interferometers have attracted significant attention in recent years as powerful tools to study anyon braiding and explore exotic quantum states. This talk will be divided into two parts. In the first part, I will discuss novel electron pairing and tripling observed in the integer quantum Hall (IQH) regime. Contrary to the conventional understanding that IQH effects can be described by non-interacting theories, I will present evidence from graphene-based quantum Hall FPIs, revealing electron pairing at a bulk filling factor of filling factor 2. More intriguingly, I have also discovered an unexpected emergence of electron tripling, characterized by a fractional Aharonov–Bohm flux period of h/3e at filling factor 3. To unveil these phenomena, we developed a novel plunger-gate spectroscopy, demonstrating that electron pairing (tripling) involves correlated charge transport across two (three) entangled quantum Hall edge channels. This spectroscopy reveals a quantum interference flux periodicity determined by the sum of the phases acquired by distinct edge channels with slightly different interfering areas. In the second part, I will address the “phase jump,” often considered a hallmark of anyon braiding. Interestingly, phase jumps appear in the IQH regime, where anyon is not expected. I will discuss the implications of these findings and their relevance to our understanding of quantum Hall physics. Liens : |
Dan Mao (ETH Zürich) | Détails Fermer |
Tiling with Electrons: fractionalization and emergent symmetry le vendredi 08 novembre 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Geometrical frustration is a simple yet profound concept in condensed matter physics that can give rise to exotic quantum matters like spin liquid. In this talk, I will study a new source of geometrical frustration from the orbitals instead of the spins of the electrons. A concrete platform for realizing such orbital geometrical frustration is the twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) at fractional filling, where we can map the configurations of electrons to the tiling patterns of trimers. This deceptively simple model of trimers exhibits a rich suite of complex phases, including unusual excitations exhibiting the physics of fractionalization and fractons. I will discuss both the effect of thermal and quantum fluctuations. The finite-temperature phase diagram reveals a novel polar fluid and an ordered brick-wall phase characterized by fractionally charged e/3 excitations with subdimensional lineonic dynamics. Notably, we identify a critical trimer liquid phase. Its e/3 monomers are fractionalized bionic excitations: they carry a pair of emergent gauge charges, as evidenced by algebraic correlations with two distinct exponents. These field theoretical predictions offer theoretical grounds for numerical observations of critical exponents. By mapping the basis of the constrained Hilbert space to tiling patterns, we find an emergent exact global symmetry for the effective quantum model, dubbed ``tile-invariant symmetry”. Quantum fluctuation prefers to spontaneously break the tile-invariant symmetry, giving rise to an exotic Mott insulator, with a gapless spectrum. Our study highlights the triangular trimer model as a new key platform for investigating fractionalization and emergent symmetry and calls for experimental investigations of this physics in twisted van der Waals materials and a broader class of systems with intermediate-range interactions. Refs: DM, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 106801 Tian, H., Codecido, E., DM, et al. Dominant 1/3-filling correlated insulator states and orbital geometric frustration in twisted bilayer graphene. Nat. Phys. 20, 1407–1412 (2024). Zhang.K, DM, et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.00092 Liens :Dan Mao |
Mikael Rechtsman (The Pennsylvania State University) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Hall physics with photons le mardi 05 novembre 2024 à 15:30 |
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Résumé : When electrons moving in a two-dimensional plane are subject to a perpendicular magnetic field they move in circles called cyclotron orbits as a result of the Lorentz force. Treated quantum mechanically, these orbits become quantized like the orbitals of an atom, forming highly degenerate states called Landau levels. In this colloquium, I will show how we used strain to make photons "feel" a magnetic field and thus form Landau levels in a photonic crystal, despite the fact that photons carry no charge and thus cannot experience the Lorentz force. This increases the strength of interaction between light and matter, which has implications in quantum optics and integrated photonics. Time permitting, I will discuss the related topic of how edge states in a "Chern insulator" photonic crystal can be used to slow down light in a photonic chip over a wide bandwidth. Liens :Mikael Rechtsman |
Kang Yang (FU Berlin) | Détails Fermer |
Non-Abelian nodal points and dissipation-protected Chern bands in photonic systems le jeudi 31 octobre 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Topology leads to many robustly quantized physical phenomena ranging from particle physics to condensed matter physics. In solids, many topological phenomena appear in bands of nearly free electrons moving in a periodic potential. Recently, periodic media composing metamaterials enable photons carrying modulated momenta. These systems have highly tunable band structures and their dynamics are generically described by non-Hermitian matrices when dissipative effects are considered. The level crossings between such photonic bands are known as exceptional points. In this presentation, I will give a brief introduction on these nodal points, demonstrating they are described by non–Abelian topological charges. This leads to non-commuting operations of moving them in the reciprocal space and violation of the famous fermion-doubling Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem. I will show how these are verified experimentally. Then I will introduce parity-time symmetric systems, where the system can transit between Hermitian and non-Hermitian regimes by spontaneous symmetry breaking. This system has the great potential of exploring topological bands as the gauge structures are tunable through spontaneous symmetry breaking. This leads to some new ideas of preparing topological states via dissipation. Liens : |
Romain Daviet | Détails Fermer |
Universal non-equilibrium behaviors of limit-cycle phases le vendredi 25 octobre 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Limit-cycle or time-crystal phases, in which the order parameter retains a periodic motion in time, are non-equilibrium phases. They are therefore expected to display phenomena that fall beyond equilibrium classifications. We study such phenomena in paradigmatic O(N) models. Once suitably driven out of equilibrium, they develop instabilities towards limit-cycle long-range orders, which emerge in driven quantum systems and solid-state platforms, as well as nonreciprocal active matter. I will discuss realization in existing platforms, but also new implementations in driven magnets. I will describe the complete phase diagram beyond mean-field, which hosts new type of phase transitions towards limit cycles, associated to new non-equilibrium universality classes. Finally, I will discuss why such phases generically display the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang physics and generalization of it. Liens : |
Gwenael Le-Gal (Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Microwave quantum optics in Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers le mardi 22 octobre 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (J-TWPA) are a promising platform for new quantum optics experiments in the microwave domain. Recent experiments showed that a J-TWPA could generate broadband two-mode squeezing when excited by a strong classical pump. This indicates that it is possible to create non-classical states of light in these devices, but only when the non-linearity is enhanced by pumping with a large number of photons. The possibilities offered by superconducting circuits to engineer dispersion and non-linear interactions of such devices are interesting, as they could lead to single-photon non-linear interactions in traveling-wave devices. In this discussion, we will explore recent quantum optics experiments that aim to understand the generation of non-classical states of light in a J-TWPA. We will also highlight how these results offer exciting possibilities for the continuous generation of non-classical states of light in traveling-wave devices. Liens : |
Nicola Spaldin (ETH Zürich) | Détails Fermer |
Hidden magnetoelectric multipoles le mardi 08 octobre 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Most magnetic materials, phenomena and devices are well described in terms of their constituent magnetic dipoles. There is mounting evidence, however, that higher-order magnetic multipoles can lead to intriguing magnetic behaviors, which are often attributed to "hidden order" since they are difficult to characterize with conventional probes. In this talk I will focus on the existence and relevance of the so-called magnetoelectric multipoles, which form the next-order term, after the magnetic dipole, in the multipolar expansion of the energy of a magnetization density in a magnetic field. I will describe how magnetoelectric multipoles underlie multiferroic behavior and dominate the magnetic response to applied electric fields, then discuss signatures of hidden magnetoelectric multipolar order and possibilities for its direct measurement. I will argue that all is not lost if your material lacks magnetoelectric multipoles, and that hidden magnetic octupoles and even triakontadipoles also cause fascinating physics, including the currently rather fashionable "altermagnetism". Finally, I will show that ferroic ordering of these higher-order magnetic multipoles results in a magnetization at the surface of a sample, even in materials with no net magnetization in their bulk and with apparently compensated surface dipoles. Liens :Nicola Spaldin |
Yaroslav Herasymenko (TU Delft) | Détails Fermer |
Efficient learning of quantum states prepared with few fermionic non-Gaussian gates le vendredi 27 septembre 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The experimental realization of increasingly complex quantum states underscores the pressing need for new methods of state learning and verification. In one such framework, quantum state tomography, the aim is to learn the full quantum state from data obtained by measurements. Without prior assumptions on the state, this task is prohibitively hard; and only a few classes of states are currently known to be efficiently learnable. In this talk, I will present our new algorithm to learn fermionic states on n modes, prepared by any number of Gaussian (free-fermionic) and at most t non-Gaussian (interacting) gates. The algorithm is based exclusively on single-copy measurements and produces a classical representation of a state, which is guaranteed to be accurate. I will show why the runtime of our algorithm — poly(n,2^t) — is essentially optimal for this task, under common assumptions from theory of cryptography. In addition to the outputs of quantum circuits, I will demonstrate how our tomography algorithm can be efficiently applied to learn target states which arise in the physics of impurity models. Beyond tomography, I would like to review an improved circuit compilation strategy, which is also enabled by our results. This talk is based on the work done in collaboration with Antonio Anna Mele (FU Berlin), which can be accessed at https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.18665 Liens : |
Ivan Pechenezhskiy (Syracuse University) | Détails Fermer |
Measurement-induced state transitions in dispersive qubit readout schemes le mardi 24 septembre 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The dispersive readout scheme enables quantum non-demolition measurement of superconducting qubits. An increased readout power can shorten the readout time and reduce the state discrimination error but can promote qubit transitions into higher noncomputational states. These measurement-induced transitions present a severe obstacle to improving the qubit readout. The physics of the effect has been only studied in the context of transmon qubits thanks to approximations unique to this qubit type. In the talk, I will introduce the problem and review the existing experimental and theoretical results. Building upon the concept of dressed coherent states, I will explain how one can think about these transitions in an arbitrary qubit system with few degrees of freedom. Taking advantage of the presented approach, I will show how to predict the number of microwave photons causing such transitions using a fluxonium qubit as an example system. Liens : |
Josef Willsher (TUM) | Détails Fermer |
Stability and Signatures of the U1 Dirac Spin Liquid le vendredi 20 septembre 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum fluctuations can inhibit long-range ordering in frustrated magnets and potentially lead to quantum spin liquid (QSL) phases. A prime example are gapless “Dirac” QSLs with emergent U(1) gauge fields which may emerge on triangular-lattice J1-J2 Heisenberg models. Despite several promising candidate materials, however, a complicating factor for their realisation is the presence of other degrees of freedom, as well as the absence of unambiguous thermodynamic or spectral signatures. In this talk, I will present our recent work which predicts that the U(1) DSL exhibits a spin-Peierls instability to valence bond solid order upon coupling the the lattice. We investigate the stability for realistic systems using both field-theoretical and various computational methods, and argue that emergent monopoles drive the spin-lattice transition. Finally, I will discuss the prediction of this system’s spectral properties including the effects of strong spinon interactions and gauge field fluctuations. We highlight that both spinon-bound states and monopoles contribute strongly to the spin structure factor as well as the phonon self-energy. Liens : |
Martin Nurizzo (UNSW (Sydney)) | Détails Fermer |
Certifying the quantumness of a single nuclear spin qudit through its uniform precession le mardi 10 septembre 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Although qubits are prime examples of quantum systems, single qubits can only host semi-classical spin coherent states. Qudits, on the other side, can exhibit non-classical states, which cannot be described by a classical probability distribution. Here we detect quantumness in the time evolution of a uniformly precessing 8-dimensional nuclear qudit. In this experiment quantumness is certified by asking how often the x-coordinate of a uniformly precessing state is positive [1]. A violation of a classical bound in this protocol indicates the absence of a classical probability distribution that can explain the observed data, thus confirming quantumness [2]. We present our experimental demonstration of this protocol focusing on a family of non-classical states in a spin-7/2 antimony nucleus, implemented within a silicon nano-electronic device [3]. Our results reveal a significant violation of the classical protocol bound, surpassing it by 19 standard deviations for the spin-cat state. These findings underscore our ability to prepare arbitrary nonclassical resource states with high fidelity in a single atomic-scale qudit, with potential applications in quantum information processing, sensing and quantum error correction. Ref.: [1] Tsirelson, B. How often is the coordinate of a harmonic oscillator positive? https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.quant-ph/0611147 (2006). [2] Zaw, L. H., Aw, C. C., Lasmar, Z. & Scarani, V. Detecting quantumness in uniform precessions. Phys. Rev. A 106, 032222 (2022). [3] Yu, X. et al. Creation and manipulation of Schrodinger cat states of a nuclear spin qudit in silicon. Preprint at https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.15494 (2024). Liens : |
Izak Snyman (University of Witwatersrand) | Détails Fermer |
Zero-energy quasiparticles and interactions in a topological Josephson junction le vendredi 19 juillet 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We study a Josephson junction in a Kitaev chain with particle-hole symmetric nearest-neighbor interactions. When the phase difference across the junction is π, we show analytically that the full many-body spectrum of the interacting system is fourfold degenerate up to corrections that vanish exponentially in the system size. The Majorana bound states at the ends of the chain are known to survive interactions. Our result proves that the same is true for the zero-energy quasiparticle localized at the junction. We further study finite-size corrections numerically, and show how repulsive interactions lead to stronger end-to-end correlations than in a noninteracting system with the same bulk gap. Liens : |
Bastien Lapierre (Princeton) | Détails Fermer |
Topology of ultra-localized insulators le vendredi 12 juillet 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk, I will argue that the topology of an insulator can be defined even when all eigenstates of the system are localized — an extreme case of Anderson insulators that we call ultra-localized. I will describe their bulk-boundary correspondence and show that ultra-localized systems are in many instances phases of matter not described by the known classification of topological insulators. Liens : |
Julia Hannukainen (KTH Stockholm) | Détails Fermer |
The axial anomaly in magnetic Weyl semimetals le mercredi 10 juillet 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk I introduce the chiral anomaly in the context of magnetic Weyl semimetals with domain walls. Weyl semimetals serve as a platform to explore the chiral anomaly---the nonconservation of chiral charge due to applied parallel electric and magnetic, and/or parallel axial electric and axial magnetic, fields. Axial electromagnetic fields are emergent fields which couple with opposite sign to fermions with opposite chirality. We consider a magnetic Weyl semimetal which contains two Weyl fermions of opposite chirality separated in momentum space. Introducing a dynamic domain wall in the Weyl node separation generates axial electromagnetic fields, leading to the chiral anomaly. Via the chiral magnetic effect, the anomaly generates a current, resulting in electromagnetic radiation, which if detected, measures the axial anomaly. In reverse, the anomaly influences the domain wall dynamics, enabling electric control of the chirality of domain walls and improving the domain wall dynamics. Measuring the electric field mediated changes in the domain wall chirality would constitute a direct proof of the chiral anomaly. Refs: Hannukainen, Ferreiros, Cortijo, Bardarson, Phys. Rev. B 102, 241401(R) (2020), Hannukainen, Bardarson, Cortijo, Ferreiros ,SciPost Phys. 10, 102 (2021) Liens : |
Mao Yoshii (U. Tokyo) | Détails Fermer |
Topological Charge Pumping in the Fibonacci-Rice-Mele model le vendredi 05 juillet 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In between the periodic systems and random systems, there is an intermediate system so-called quasiperiodic system. These systems do not have periodicity but possess long-range orders. Recently, these systems are attracting attention, because many fascinating phenomena including unconventional superconductivity have been reported by experimental groups. In addition, there is a special system called quasicrystal. These systems possess both quasiperiodicity and crystalline nature. In Ref. (1), we combined a typical model of topological charge pumping (Rice-Mele model) and Fibonacci quasicrystal to make the Fibonacci-Rice-Mele model which possesses topological charge pumping while conserving quasicrystalline nature. Since this model is quasicrystal, the lattice also has a fractal structure. Accompanying this nature, the electronic band structure has fractal energy gaps, and we can induce and characterize multilevel topological charge pumping. (1) M. Yoshii, S. Kitamura and T. Morimoto, Phys. Rev. B 104, 155126 (2021). Liens : |
Élodie, Sarah et Svetlana (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Présentations des stages le mercredi 03 juillet 2024 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Bruno Tomasello (University of Kent) | Détails Fermer |
Role of magneto-crystalline anisotropies in complex rare-earth systems le vendredi 28 juin 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Rare-earth crystals offer a rich variety of fascinating phenomena whose understanding relies on confronting theories and experiments to account for the complex interactions of their atomistic and emergent constituents. Motivated by the detailed information from the crystalline environment for the magnetostatics of rare-earth (RE) ions and for the spin-dynamics of their effective models, this talk shall emphasise on the role that magneto-crystalline anisotropies play in materials with strong spin-orbit coupling. Focussing on RE pyrochlores and RE garnets, we shall discuss the relevance of the crystalline symmetries for the f-electrons of the rare-earth ions driving the unconventional magnetism. We shall present models and calculations for system with challenging non-collinear anisotropies, and thus of interest for neutron and x-ray scattering. This theoretical approach ought to contribute to advancements in theory and experiments on quantum magnetism and spintronics. Liens : |
Christian Miniatura (InPhyNi) | Détails Fermer |
Prethermalization and wave condensation in a nonlinear disordered Floquet system le mercredi 26 juin 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Periodically-driven quantum systems make it possible to reach stationary states with new emerging properties. However, this process is notoriously difficult in the presence of interactions because continuous energy exchanges generally boil the system to an infinite temperature featureless state. Here, we describe how to reach nontrivial states in a periodically-kicked Gross-Pitaevskii disordered system. One ingredient is crucial: both disorder and kick strengths should be weak enough to induce sufficiently narrow and well-separated Floquet bands. In this case, inter-band heating processes are strongly suppressed and the system can reach an exponentially long-lived prethermal plateau described by the Rayleigh-Jeans distribution. Saliently, the system can even undergo a wave condensation process when its initial state has a sufficiently low total quasi-energy. These predictions could be tested in nonlinear optical experiments or with ultracold atoms. Liens : |
Nicolas Didier (Alice & Bob) | Détails Fermer |
Flux control of superconducting qubits at dynamical sweet spots. le mercredi 19 juin 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Scaling up superconducting quantum processors with optimized performance requires a sufficient flexibility in the choice of operating points for single and two qubit gates to maximize their fidelity and cope with imperfections. Flux control is an efficient technique to manipulate the parameters of tunable qubits, in particular to activate entangling gates. At flux sensitive points of operation, the ubiquitous presence of 1/f flux noise however gives rise to dephasing by inducing fluctuations of the qubit frequency. We show how two-tone modulation of the flux bias, a bichromatic modulation, gives rise to a continuum of dynamical sweet spots where dephasing due to slow flux noise is suppressed to first order for a wide range of time-averaged qubit frequencies. The qubits can be operated at these dynamical sweet spots to realize protected entangling gates and to avoid collisions with two-level-system defects. Liens : |
Florie Mesple (Washington University) | Détails Fermer |
Visualizing the sub-moiré polarization of the topological bands of twisted Molibdenium ditelluride with STM le mardi 18 juin 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The recent discovery of fractionalized anomalous quantum Hall effect in twisted Molibdenium ditelluride (tMoTe2) is a landmark in condensed matter physics [(1-2-3)]. Electrical transport and optical spectroscopy measurements have shown that devices where two layers of MoTe2 are twisted by around 4 degrees exhibit fractionally quantized resistance, in the abscence of a magnetic field. These physics occur in the valence flat bands of the system, that arise from the moiré superlattice of the 2D crystals. Additionally, these flat bands feature berry curvature at the origin of the quantized anomalous Hall effect. Since this non-trivial topology is intimatey tied to the microscopic details of the moiré superlattice, we use scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements of high quality tMoTe2 devices to investigate these microscopic details. I will explain the fabrication of these devices as well as decribe how STM/S measurements are performed reliably on this semiconductor. By having access to the density of states, we are able to investigate the energy dependent polarization of the wavefunctions. Our results (4) help shed light on the origins of the FQAH physics and inform future studies of this system. (-1-) Haldane, F. D. M. Model for a quantum Hall effect without Landau levels: condensed matter realization of the “parity anomaly”. Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2015–2018 (1988) (-2-) Joon, H. et al, Observation of fractionally quantized anomalous Hall effect, Nature 622, 74-79 (2023). (-3-) Xu, F. et. al., Observation of integer and fractional quantum anomalous Hall states in twisted bilayer MoTe2, Phys. Rev. X 13, 031037 (2023). (-4-) Thompson, E. et. al., Visualizing the microscopic origins of topology in twisted molybdenum ditelluride, arXiv:2405.19308 (2024). Liens : |
Jessica John Britto (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Dynamical decoupling in spin systems using Walsh pulses le mercredi 12 juin 2024 à 11:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Çağlar Girit (CEA Saclay ) | Détails Fermer |
Detecting non-trivial topology in a superconducting circuit le mardi 11 juin 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Topology, like symmetry, is a fundamental concept in understanding general properties of physical systems. In condensed matter systems, non-trivial topology may manifest itself as singular features in the energy spectrum or the quantization of observable quantities such as electrical conductance and magnetic flux. Using microwave spectroscopy, we show that a superconducting circuit with three Josephson tunnel junctions in parallel can possess energy degeneracies indicative of intrinsic non-trivial topology. We identify three topological invariants, one of which is related to a hidden quantum mechanical supersymmetry. Depending on fabrication parameters, devices are gapless or not, and fall on a simple phase diagram which is shown to be robust to perturbations including junction imperfections, asymmetry, and inductance. Josephson tunnel junction circuits, which are readily fabricated with conventional microlithography techniques, allow access to a wide range of topological systems which have no condensed matter analog. Notable spectral features of these circuits, such as degeneracies and flat bands, may be leveraged for applications in quantum information and sensing. Liens : |
Nicolas Gisin (Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva and Constructor University, Geneva, Switzerland) | Détails Fermer |
Towards a measurement theory in QFT: “Impossible” quantum measurements are possible but not ideal le vendredi 07 juin 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Naive attempts to put together relativity and quantum measurements lead to signaling between space-like separated regions. In QFT, these are known as impossible measurements. We show that the same problem arises in non-relativistic quantum physics, where joint nonlocal measurements (i.e., between systems kept spatially separated) in general lead to signaling, while one would expect no-signaling (based for instance on the principle of no-nonphysical communication). This raises the question: Which nonlocal quantum measurements are physically possible? We review and develop further a non-relativistic quantum information approach developed independently of the impossible measurements in QFT, and show that these two have been addressing virtually the same problem. The non-relativistic solution shows that all nonlocal measurements are localizable (i.e., they can be carried out at a distance without violating no-signaling) but they (i) may require arbitrarily large entangled resources and (ii) cannot in general be ideal, i.e., are not immediately reproducible. We find all joint quantum measurements on 2 qubits that are localizable with 1 and 3 e-bits. Interestingly, the Elegant Joint Measurement appears naturally in such a structuring of all joint measurements. Liens : |
Julien Barrier (ICFO) | Détails Fermer |
Robust one-dimensional proximity superconductivity along graphene domain walls in the quantum Hall regime le mardi 28 mai 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Extensive efforts have been undertaken to combine superconductivity and the quantum Hall effect so that Cooper-pair transport between superconducting electrodes in Josephson junctions is mediated by one-dimensional edge states. This interest has been motivated by prospects of finding new physics, including topologically-protected quasiparticles, but also extends into metrology and device applications. So far it has proven challenging to achieve detectable supercurrents through quantum Hall conductors. I will show that domain walls in minimally twisted bilayer graphene support exceptionally robust proximity superconductivity in the quantum Hall regime, allowing Josephson junctions to operate in fields close to the upper critical field of superconducting electrodes. The critical current is found to be non-oscillatory and practically unchanging over the entire range of quantizing fields, with its value being limited by the quantum conductance of ballistic, strictly one-dimensional electronic channels residing within the domain walls. The system described is unique in its ability to support Andreev bound states at quantizing fields and offers many interesting directions for further exploration. Reference: J. Barrier et al, Nature 628, 741-745 (2023) Liens : |
Spyros Sotiriadis | Détails Fermer |
Hamiltonian truncation tensor networks: a new numerical method for the simulation of 1 et 1D quantum field theory le vendredi 24 mai 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The classical simulation of quantum field theories is a challenging problem. We will present a new method for the study of 1 et 1D quantum field theory models, built upon Hamiltonian truncation and tensor network techniques, which is suitable for the study of low-energy eigenstates and out-of-equilibrium dynamics. Applications of the new method to the sine-Gordon and massive Schwinger model demonstrate that, despite its relatively high computational cost, it dramatically improves precision compared to exact diagonalisation results, allowing the study of so far unexplored regimes of the models’ phase diagram and of the emergence of equilibrium after a quantum quench. Liens : |
Martina Trahms (FU Berlin) | Détails Fermer |
Josephson spectroscopy of single atoms le mardi 21 mai 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Atomic scale Josephson junctions are formed in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) between a superconducting tip and sample. The investigated junctions show hysteretic behavior with respect to the current sweep direction. In the presence of single magnetic adatoms non-reciprocal features emerge in the VI-characteristics. Magnetic adatoms on superconducting surfaces couple to the superconducting condensate and induce Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states. YSR states can be probed by either electrons or holes with different tunneling probabilities resulting in asymmetric quasiparticle currents inside the superconducting gap. We find that this electron-hole asymmetry causes the non-reciprocity of the STM Josephson junctions. Furthermore, the phase coherence of the Cooper-pair tunneling processes is investigated by exposing the pristine Pb-Pb junction to high frequency irradiation. Phase diffusion is enhanced in the presence of the irradiation. Additionally, step-like features emerge as energy is absorbed by the tunneling Cooper pairs. The observed steps experience hysteretic behavior depending on the bias sweep direction. Ref: Diode effect in Josephson junctions with a single magnetic atom, M. Trahms et al., Nature 615, 628 (2023). Liens : |
Dganit Meidan (Ben Gurion University) | Détails Fermer |
Theory of free fermion dynamics - from monitored to post selected evolution le vendredi 17 mai 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Monitored quantum systems undergo Measurement-induced Phase Transitions (MiPTs) stemming from the interplay between measurements and unitary dynamics. When the detector readout is post- selected to match a given value, the dynamics is generated by a Non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with MiPTs characterized by different universal features. Here, we derive a partial post-selected stochastic Schrodinger equation based on a microscopic description of continuous weak measurement. This formalism connects the monitored and post-selected dynamics to a broader family of stochastic evolution. We apply the formalism to a chain of free fermions subject to partial post-selected monitoring of local fermion parities. Within a 2-replica approach, we obtained an effective bosonized Hamiltonian in the strong post-selected limit. Using a renormalization group analysis, we find that the universality of the non-Hermitian MiPT is stable against a finite (weak) amount of stochasticity. We further show that the passage to the monitored universality occurs abruptly at finite partial post-selection, which we confirm from the numerical finite size scaling of the MiPT. Our approach establishes a way to study MiPTs for arbitrary subsets of quantum trajectories and provides a potential route to tackle the experimental post-selected problem. Liens : |
Stephan Roche ( ICREA Research Professor at Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2)) | Détails Fermer |
Ten Years of 2D Materials based Spintronics Research: Highlights and Future le mardi 14 mai 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk, I will review more than 10 years of research activities of concerning the exploration of the potential of two-dimensional materials and van der Waals heterostructures for spintronic applications. Starting from the first demonstration of long spin diffusion length in graphene to most recent breakthroughs of active spin devices, we will discuss the progress achieved within the Spintronics workpackage of the Graphene Flagship (from 2013-2023), highlighting the main milestones of the field and the current perspective and challenges concerning the use of 2D materials for spintronic applications as recently presented by a consortium of leading groups in the field (H. Yang et al. Nature 606 (7915), 663-673 (2022)). I acknowledge the European Union Seventh Framework Program under Grant Agreement No. 881603 Graphene Flagship.> Liens :Stephan Roche |
Andrey Rogachev (University of Utah) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum phase transitions: microscopic scale and Planckian time le mardi 07 mai 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : For more than thirty years, experimental analysis of quantum phase transitions (QPTs) has been largely focused on finding critical exponents and universality classes of studied systems. This approach emphasizes scale-invariance of QPTs and ignores the fact that system response also depends on two non-universal length scales: microscopic “seeding” scale of the correlation length and the dephasing length. Correcting this deficiency, we have developed a phenomenological model of QPTs based on conjecture that the dephasing length is set by a distance travelled by a system-specific semi-classical elementary excitation over the Planckian time, and that the scaling function assumes the generic exponential form predicted by the scaling theory of localization (the figure shows some examples). Using this model, we have quantitatively explained QPTs in eighteen systems including: magnetic-field-driven QPT in superconducting films, nanowires, La1.92Sr0.08CuO4 and Josephson junction chains; QPT in Ising and Heisenberg spin chains, the Mott transition in 2d cold atomic gases and moiré superlattices; and QPT between the states of quantum Hall and other topological insulators. The model illuminates the universal microscopic nature of many-body gapless state of matter emerging near QPTs. Surprisingly, the only system deviating from the trend is doped Si : P, where metal-insulator transition is explained by the non-interaction version of the model. We anticipate that shifting emphasis from critical exponents to the microscopic parameters of a phase transition will be a fruitful approach for many systems beyond equilibrium condensed matter physics. Ref. : [1] A. Rogachev, Microscopic scale of quantum phase transition: from doped semiconductors to spin chains, cold gases and moiré superlattices, arXiv:2309.00749. [2] A. Rogachev and K. Davenport, Microscopic scale of pair-breaking quantum phase transitions in superconducting films, nanowires and La1.92Sr0.08CuO4, arXiv:2309.00747. [3] A. Rogachev, Quantum phase transitions in quantum Hall and other topological systems: role of the Planckian time, arXiv:2309.00747. Liens : |
Howard Wiseman (Griffith University, Brisbane Australia - Director of the Centre for Quantum Dynamics.) | Détails Fermer |
Are we living in the Matrix? What quantum experiments reveal about the world and our powers in it, and what the future may hold. le lundi 22 avril 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In the original Matrix movie, the bulk of the human population lives not in the real world but inside a computer simulation called the Matrix. They are unable to detect this situation, except for the fact that certain agents can transcend the normal rules of physics. In this talk, I will explain how this is eerily similar to the world we live in. Certain people (quantum physicists) can transcend the normal rules by using entangled particles to do things that "should be" impossible. This makes the world very puzzling place, even for quantum physicists. These “super-powers” are also central to the emerging field of quantum information technology. Finally, I will explain very recent work by myself and co-workers that ties all of this together in order to show that the world is even more puzzling than we had thought. Much like the latest Matrix movie. Liens : |
Joseph Vovrosh | Détails Fermer |
Amorphous quantum magnets in a two-dimensional Rydberg atom array le vendredi 12 avril 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Amorphous solids, i.e., systems which feature well-defined short-range properties but lack long-range order, constitute an important research topic in condensed matter. While their microscopic structure is known to differ from their crystalline counterpart, there are still many open questions concerning the emergent collective behavior in amorphous materials. This is particularly the case in the quantum regime, where the numerical simulations are extremely challenging. In this talk, we instead propose to explore amorphous quantum magnets with an analog quantum simulator. To this end, we first present an algorithm to generate amorphous quantum magnets, suitable for Rydberg simulators of the Ising model. Subsequently, we use semiclassical approaches to get a preliminary insight of the physics of the model. In particular, we calculate mean-field phase diagrams, and use the linear-spin-wave theory to study localization properties and dynamical structure factors of the excitations. Finally, we outline an experimental proposal based on Rydberg atoms in programmable tweezer arrays, thus opening the road towards the study of amorphous quantum magnets in regimes difficult to simulate classically. Liens : |
Matteo Votto (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Learning quantum states from experiments with tensor networks le mercredi 10 avril 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Tensor networks can be used to describe a plethora of physically interesting many-body states in one dimension, from thermal states of local Hamiltonians to the output of noisy quantum circuits. In this talk we're going to discuss how properties of one-dimensional tensor network states result in an approximate local factorization of fidelities. This implies that such tensor network states can be verified on quantum processors with a polynomial measurement budget, using randomized measurements. Furthermore, I will show that a similar factorization occurs for the gradient of the fidelity with respect of one tensor, allowing for an efficient state learning algorithm. I will then explain such algorithm for pure and mixed states, and present numerical results for ground and thermal states of local Hamiltonians. Finally, I will briefly explain possible verification procedures for the learning algorithm. Liens :LPMMC |
Anton Khvalyuk (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Influence of Trotterization error on single-particle tunneling le mercredi 03 avril 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum simulation of the single-particle tunneling problem by means of the Suzuki-Trotter approximation (STA) is analyzed. The target system describes a particle hopping across a chain of sites with position-dependent potential profile. The latter is assumed to be smooth and to posses several local minima separated by a potential barrier, arranging a tunneling problem between the localized states in different minima. The conducted analysis confirms the naive criteria of applicability max{T,P} ≪ 1/δt (with T, P being the typical scales of kinetic and potential terms, respectively), while also revealing the structure of error and its actual behavior with system parameters. Notably, in certain cases we find an exponential acceleration of tunneling, while other configurations lead to a complete suppression of the latter. Analysis of the case of large Trotter step is also performed, with the main result being the reconstruction of the low-energy spectrum due to coupling between states with energy difference close to 2π/δt. The connection of the obtained results with the rigorous upper error bounds on the STA error is discussed, with particular emphasis on the reasons for the fact that these rigorous bounds are not always saturated. We also point out that the proposed problem can be directly implemented on existing quantum devices arXiv:2012.00921. The talk is based on the recent paper arXiv:2312.04735. Liens :LPMMC |
Daniel Rodan-Legrain (Massachussetts Institute of Technology) | Détails Fermer |
Superconductivity and strong correlations in graphene quantum devices le mardi 26 mars 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Graphene possesses exceptional properties that, since its discovery, have attracted wide attention from the scientific and engineering communities. In this talk, I will present a series of experiments via two different approaches, i.e., proximity effect and twist angle design, to induce superconductivity and strong correlations in graphene-based systems—two phenomena that do not intrinsically occur in this material. In the first part of my talk, graphene is flanked by two superconductors and inherits their superconducting properties by proximity effect. A superconductor-graphene-superconductor junction is coupled to a superconducting circuit to create and manipulate the first graphene-based transmon qubit. In the second part of my talk, the electronic properties of graphene-based systems are engineered by controlling the relative twist angle between the atomic planes. In particular, when two graphene sheets are stacked on top of each other near the “magic angle” ≈ 1.1°, nearly flat bands develop, featuring superconductivity and correlated insulating states. I will show that local electrostatic control over the different electronic phases of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) enables the creation of versatile hyper-tunable quantum devices. I will also present transport, local electronic compressibility, and nano-optics experiments to demonstrate the emergence of exotic electronic phases in MATBG. Last, I will discuss studies of novel 2D moiré systems beyond MATBG. Liens :Daniel Rodan-Legrain |
Kirill Dubovitskii | Détails Fermer |
Second-order perturbation theory for dissipative cat qubits le mercredi 20 mars 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Dissipative cat qubits have attracted a lot of interest in the recent years. Their main feature is that their unperturbed dynamics is described by a Lindbladian, not a Hamiltonian. This complicates the analysis of the noise effects on them. In this paper we develop perturbation theory on top of the dissipative cat qubit Lindbladian and evaluate the qubit relaxation rate due to the single photon loss up to the second-order in the perturbation strength. We analytically show that the second-order contribution to the slowest decay rate can become parametrically larger than the first-order contribution. Also, we analyze the detuning perturbation up to the second-order using the same procedure. Liens : |
Francesco Vercesi (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Scaling regimes of the phase turbulence in the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation le mercredi 13 mars 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We study the phase turbulence of the one-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation, in which the defect-free chaotic dynamics of the order parameter maps to a phase equation well approximated by the Kuramoto-Sivashinski model. In this regime, the behaviour of the large wavelength modes is captured by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, which yields universal scaling and statistical properties. We present numerical evidence of the existence of an additional scale-invariant regime, with dynamical scaling exponent $z=1$, emerging at scales which are intermediate between the microscopic, intrinsic to the modulational instability, and the macroscopic ones. We argue that this new regime is a signature of the universality class corresponding to the inviscid limit of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation. Liens :LPMMC |
Arnaud Gloppe (IPCMS) | Détails Fermer |
Suspended antiferromagnetic van der Waals membranes le mardi 12 mars 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The persistence of a magnetic order in a monolayer of van der Waals magnetic material has been established in 2016, offering the perspective to embed a magnetic degree of freedom in heterostructures made of other bidimensional materials such as graphene or light-emitting transition metal dichalcogenides. The physical properties of van der Waals materials can be easily tuned by perturbations like strain or doping, inviting to the exploration of magnetism in two dimensions and its exploitation in novel ultrathin devices. Our approach is to suspend these magnetic materials forming micrometric drum-like resonators. We probe magnetic phase transitions in homo- and heterostructures based on FePS3 and NiPS3, two materials from the transition metal thiophosphates family displaying a zigzag antiferromagnetic order, combining nano-optomechanics to optical spectroscopies. The tuning by strain of their light emission and magnetic properties is also investigated, in particular the photoluminescence of NiPS3. This work opens to the study of proximity effects in van der Waals magnetic heterostructures and their control by strain. Liens :Arnaud Gloppe |
Loïc Herviou (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Introduction to tensor networks le mardi 12 mars 2024 à 10:00 |
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Andrey Varlamov (Institute of Superconductivity and Innovative Materials (SPIN-CNR), Rome, Italy) | Détails Fermer |
Fluctuation spectroscopy: From Rayleigh-Jeans waves to Abrikosov vortex clusters le mercredi 06 mars 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Superconducting (SC) fluctuations, discovered in the late 1960s, have constituted an important research area in superconductivity as they are manifest in a variety of phenomena. Indeed, the underlying physics of SC fluctuations makes it possible to elucidate the fundamental properties of the superconducting state. The interest in SC fluctuation phenomena was further enhanced with the discovery of cuprate high-temperature superconductors (HTSs). In these materials, superconducting fluctuations appear over a wide range of temperatures due to the superconductors extremely short coherence lengths and low effective dimensionality of the electron systems. These strong fluctuations lead to anomalous properties of the normal state in some HTS materials. Within the framework of the phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau theory, and more extensively in the diagrammatic microscopic approach based on BCS theory, SC fluctuations as well as other quantum contributions (weak localization, etc.) enabled a new way to investigate and characterize disordered electron systems, granular metals, Josephson structures, artificial superlattices, and others. The characteristic feature of SC fluctuations is its strong dependence on temperature and magnetic field in the vicinity of the superconducting phase transition. This dependence allows the separation of fluctuation effects from other contributions and provides information about the microscopic parameters of a material, in particular, the critical temperature and the zero-temperature critical magnetic field. As such, SC fluctuations are very sensitive to the relaxation processes that break phase coherence and can be used as a versatile characterization instrument for SCs: Fluctuation spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for studying the properties of superconducting systems on a quantitative level. Here the physics of SC fluctuations is reviewed, commencing from a qualitative description of thermodynamic fluctuations close to the critical temperature and quantum fluctuations at zero temperature in the vicinity of the second critical field. The analysis of the latter allows us to present fluctuation formation as a fragmentation of the Abrikosov lattice. This review highlights a series of experimental findings followed by microscopic description and numerical analysis of the effects of fluctuations on numerous properties of superconductors in the entire phase diagram and beyond the superconducting phase. Literature:1. A. A. Varlamov, A. Galda, and A. Glatz,” Fluctuation spectroscopy: From Rayleigh-Jeans waves to Abrikosov vortex clusters”, Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 015009 (2018). 2. Anatoly Larkin, Andrei Varlamov, “Theory of Fluctuations in Superconductors” OUP Oxford, (2009), 432 pages. Liens : |
Andrey Varlamov (Institute of Superconductivity and Innovation Materials (SPIN-CNR), Italy) | Détails Fermer |
Physicist in the kitchen: Exploring the gastronomic Universe le mardi 05 mars 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : I will discuss: how heat propagates in media, what is the difference between pizza baking in wood oven and in the electric one, why tastes of the boiled meet and the grilled one are so different, how scientifically calculate cooking time of the soft-boiled duck egg and spaghetti, why cin-cin with crystal glasses filled by sparkling wine is not accompanied by nice canorous sound, why barrista varies the coffee beans grounding depending on weather. 1. L.G. Aslamazov, A.A.Varlamov, ”The Wonders of Physics”, WSPC, Singapore, 2012. 2. A. Rigamonti, A.A. Varlamov, J. Villain, "Le Kaleidoscope de la Physique”, Belin, Paris, 2014. The organizers: Michele Filippone, Laëtitia Marty Liens : |
Loïc Herviou (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Introduction to tensor networks le mardi 05 mars 2024 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : In this informal course, I intend to give an introduction to Tensor Networks and their use for numerical simulations. The class is targeted towards PhD students and researchers with no background on the subject. The goal is for the audience to be able to concretely use TNs in their research at the end of the course. The first session will start with a quick global introduction to tensor networks, and then focus on the one-dimensional Matrix Product States (Tensor Trains). We will go through their properties, strengths and limitations, and give a few explicit examples. We will then study a few concrete time-evolution and groundstate-search algorithms for finite and infinite systems. Liens : |
Xiangyu Cao (Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Darwinism-encoding transitions le vendredi 16 février 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Generic many-body quantum evolution encodes local information, making them practically inaccessible. The effective information loss underlies thermalisation. Meanwhile, when a quantum object is observed by a macroscopic apparatus, the opposite happens: some classical information becomes widely accessible. Many observers can independently retrieve it from small fractions of the environment. In this talk we shall advocate that the two distinct behaviours are “phases of quantum information”, of which a quantitative definition will be proposed for a general open-system setup. We shall then present toy models that exhibit sharp transitions between those phases. At last we shall discuss speculatively how hard it is to observe these transitions, and conceptual implications of our findings. Refs: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.04284 https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.03694 |
Samuel Cailleaux (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Photonic Joule effect in a superconducting circuit le mercredi 14 février 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Superconducting circuits allow for the experimental realization of quasi-thermodynamical baths coupled to few non-linear quantum degrees of freedom. Usually one looks at the impact of the bath on the small system, all while neglecting the back-action of the system on the bath. In this work we demonstrate that a driven impurity, namely a small Josephson junction, can induce non-trivial dynamics of the bath, implemented as a chain of 5000 Josephson junctions operating in the harmonic regime. Namely inelastic Cooper pair tunneling in the small junction can populate the bath with a high number of excitations. We show that this is reminiscent of the Joule effect that occurs in usual electrical circuits where a current flowing through a resistor produces heat. Liens :Institut Néel |
Pierre Wulles (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Topology in tight-binding models le mercredi 07 février 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Presentations or seminars on topology often employ the familiar illustration of a mug being transformed into a donut to explain this concept. While this image is effective in conveying how topology concerns itself with global properties of objects, it prompts a lurking question: how does this relate to physics? I aim to address this inquiry by introducing a topological invariant that does not necessitate translation invariance for computation. Additionally, I will provide an intuitive explanation for what transpires in this context: why is it an integer? Why does it become nonzero when the system is topological? And what does it mean for a system to be topological? This discussion will focus on a simple model—the Haldane model (PRL 61, 1988)—and will later extend to another tight-binding model that I have recently been investigating. Liens :LPMMC |
Remy Dassonneville (IM2NP, AMU) | Détails Fermer |
A qubit and a cavity le mardi 06 février 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) uses a cavity to engineer the mode structure of the vacuum electromagnetic field such as to enhance the interaction between light and matter. Exploiting these ideas in solid-state systems has lead to circuit QED which has emerged as a valuable tool to explore the rich physics of quantum optics and as a platform for quantum computation. Despite the demonstration of quantum processor units with hundreds of qubits, there remains significant knowledge to be gained from simpler configurations, such as the one qubit plus one cavity system, as exemplified in the subsequent two experiments presented here. In part I, we introduce a simple approach to further engineer the light-matter interaction in a driven cavity by controllably decoupling a qubit from the cavity\'s photon population, effectively cloaking the qubit from the cavity. This is realized by driving the qubit with an external tone tailored to destructively interfere with the cavity field, leaving the qubit to interact with a cavity which appears to be in the vacuum state. Our experiment demonstrates how qubit cloaking can be exploited to cancel the ac-Stark shift and measurement-induced dephasing, and to accelerate qubit readout. In addition to qubit readout, applications of this method include qubit logical operations and the preparation of non-classical cavity states in circuit QED and other cavity-based setups. In part II, we will look into the quantum thermodynamics of driving a qubit and exploit it to demonstrate a qubit engine. Resonantly driving a qubit introduces a Rabi angle, changing the state of the qubit but also its internal energy. Indeed, there is an energy transfer between the qubit and the ingoing and outgoing fields and thermodynamic work can be gained in the outgoing field. Here, we exploit these energy transfers to demonstrate and characterize a single-qubit quantum engine fueled by qubit-state measurements. Thanks to quantum-non-demolition qubit measurement and real-time active feedback, a thermodynamic cycle is realized, iteratively extracting work from the qubit into the outgoing field and measuring and resetting the qubit to repeat the work extraction process. Liens : |
Romuald le Fournis (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Propagation of light in matter in the presence of electromagnetic fields le lundi 05 février 2024 à 16:00 |
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Résumé : The content of the thesis is focused on the exchange of both momentum and angular momentum between the electromagnetic field and matter in the presence of external fields. External fields induce electric and magnetic moments in the medium that can modify the propagation of light, and as a result, the matter can undergo a force as well as a torque. Despite the fact that this field of research has been studied for more than 120 years, there still exist numerous gray areas. I will discuss some of these aspects in this defense.
** Version Française ** Le contenu de la thèse est axé sur l'échange à la fois de la quantité de mouvement et du moment cinétique entre le champ électromagnétique et la matière en présence de champs externes. Les champs externes induisent des moments électriques et magnétiques dans le milieu qui peuvent modifier la propagation de la lumière, et par conséquent, la matière peut subir une force ainsi qu'un couple. Bien que ce domaine de recherche ait été étudié pendant plus de 120 ans, il subsiste de nombreuses zones d'ombre. Je discuterai de certains de ces aspects dans cette soutenance. Je me concentrerai d'abord sur l'échange de quantité de mouvement entre la matière et le vide quantique électromagnétique. En présence de matière et de champs externes, la quantité de mouvement du vide quantique électromagnétique peut être modifiée, entraînant une force sur la matière. Une telle force n'a pas encore été observée car elle dépasse la précision expérimentale. Nous calculons ladite force sur un atome de Rydberg et présentons des résultats encourageants pour de futures expériences. Dans une deuxième partie, je discuterai de l'échange de moment cinétique lorsqu'une source lumineuse est placée dans un environnement magnéto-biréfringent désordonné. Nous montrons que dans cette configuration, le système peut émettre de la lumière portant du moment angulaire. Nous étudions à la fois la réaction en retour sur la matière ainsi que la nature (spin ou orbital) du moment cinétique émis pour différents régimes de diffusion. Enfin, nous discutons de l'impact du désaccord de la source par rapport à la fréquence de résonance des diffuseurs. Le jury est composé des membres suivants:
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Nicolás Wschebor | Détails Fermer |
Non perturbative approximations within the Renormalization Group: Is-it black magic? le vendredi 02 février 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Since about 30 years ago, an approximation scheme called "Derivative Expansion" (DE) has been developed within the framework of the Functional Renormalization Group (which is a modern version of the Wilson Renormalization Group). This approximation scheme does not assume that coupling constants are small and has been extremely successful in the study of various problems in several branches of physics, particularly in Statistical Mechanics. In spite of its various empirical successes, this approximation scheme has been repeatedly questioned, being usually labeled as an "uncontrolled" scheme, lacking of an expansion parameter to ensure that successive corrections tend to be smaller. In this talk, relatively recent advances will be presented showing that the success of DE is not accidental but is associated with a "small parameter" (of the order of 1/4) of a very robust and general nature that suppresses successive orders of such an approximation scheme. Such an advance allows, in particular, to establish a priori error bars estimates of the successive orders of the approximation scheme. Liens : |
Tereza Vakhtel (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Phase-shifted Andreev levels in an altermagnet Josephson junction le mercredi 31 janvier 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We compute the effect of a d-wave magnetization (altermagnetism) on the spectrum of bound states (Andreev levels) in a junction between two s-wave superconductors (gap $\Delta_0$, phase difference $\phi$). Compared to a nonmagnetic junction, the $\phi$-dependence of the spectrum is shifted by an offset $\pm\delta\phi$, dependent on the spin direction, so that the Andreev levels become spin-polarized. In a planar junction, oriented along the crystalline axis of $d_{xy}$-wave symmetry, the excitation energies are determined by the normal-state transmission probability $T$ according to $E=\Delta_0\sqrt{1-T\sin^2\tfrac{1}{2}(\phi\pm\delta\phi)}$. We calculate the corresponding Josephson energy and supercurrent, recovering the 0--$\pi$ transition of related studies. Liens :LPMMC |
Nicolas Laflorencie | Détails Fermer |
From Anderson to many-body localization le mardi 30 janvier 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : So far, most of the work aimed at understanding the many-body localization (MBL) problem has focused on the regime of relatively strong interactions. In this talk I will show that the overlooked regime of weak interactions turns out to be quite interesting, in other words: how the Anderson localization affects the MBL problem. Liens : |
Antoine Georges (Collège de France and Flatiron Institute) | Détails Fermer |
Some Applications of Neural Networks to Quantum Systems le mercredi 24 janvier 2024 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Applications of learning algorithms using deep neural networks have developed considerably recently, often with spectacular results. The physics of complex quantum systems is no exception, with multiple applications that constitute a new field of research. Examples include the representation and optimization of wave functions of quantum systems with large numbers of degrees of freedom (neural quantum states), the determination of wave functions from measurements (quantum tomography), and applications to the electronic structure of materials, such as the determination of more precise density functionals or the learning of force fields to accelerate molecular dynamics simulations. I will survey some of these applications, with an emphasis on neural quantum states. The lecture will last 2 hours with a coffee break in beetween (end lecture at ca 12h30). Liens : |
Antoine Georges (Collège de France and Flatiron Institute) | Détails Fermer |
Electronic Correlations: Beyond the Standard Model of Solid-State Physics le mardi 23 janvier 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Materials in which electrons `work as a team’ in a strongly correlated manner display emergent collective behavior at the macroscopic scale, such as superconductivity, magnetism, or metal-insulator transitions. Materials synthesis is constantly surprising us with new families of such materials. The `standard model’ of solid-state physics, based on electrons occupying bands of individual energy levels, must be seriously revised for strongly correlated materials. Instead, a description accounting for both localized atomic excitations and delocalized wave-like quasiparticles is required. I will review how Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (DMFT) – and more broadly `Quantum Embedding’ methods - fulfills this goal and provides an original physical perspective on strongly correlated electron materials. Thanks to the contributions of a large community over almost three decades, the theory now provides a practical framework to understand and predict the properties of quantum materials starting from their structure and chemical composition. I will discuss in particular how DMFT allowed to identify `Hund metals’ as a large family of materials in which strong correlations emerge for different reasons than in the classic Mott and heavy fermion compounds. Coffee will be offered at the end of the colloquium in the Salle de convivialité. Liens : |
Antoine Georges (Collège de France and Flatiron Institute) | Détails Fermer |
What Do We Know Today About the Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model? le lundi 22 janvier 2024 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Simplified as it is, the Hubbard model embodies much of the complexity of the `strong correlation problem’ and has established itself as a paradigmatic model in the field. These lectures will emphasize that several key aspects of its physics in two dimensions can now be established beyond doubt, thanks to the development of controlled and accurate computational methods (such as quantum embedding, tensor networks and various forms of quantum Monte Carlo). These methods implement different and complementary points of view on the quantum many-body problem. Along with pushing forward each method, the community has recently embarked into a major effort to combine and critically compare these approaches, and in several instances a consistent picture of the physics has emerged as a result. I will review in this perspective our current understanding of the emergence of a pseudogap in both the weak and strong coupling regimes. I will present recent progress in understanding how the pseudogap phase evolves into an ordered phase at low temperature. The next nearest neighbor hopping t’ plays a key role, with low t’/t favoring stripe order and larger t’/t favoring d-wave superconductivity. The lecture will last 2 hours with a coffee break in beetween (end lecture at ca 12h30). Liens : |
Claudia Artiaco | Détails Fermer |
The time evolution of local information le vendredi 19 janvier 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : During the time evolution of many-body systems entanglement spreads rapidly, limiting exact simulations to small-scale systems or small timescales. Quantum information tends, however, to flow towards larger scales without returning to local scales, such that its detailed large-scale structure does not directly affect local observables. This allows for the removal of large-scale quantum information in a way that preserves all local observables and gives access to large-scale and large-time quantum dynamics. To this end, we use the recently introduced information lattice to organize quantum information into different scales, allowing us to define local information and information currents which we employ to systematically discard long-range quantum correlations in a controlled way. Our approach relies on decomposing the system into subsystems up to a maximum scale and time evolving the subsystem density matrices by solving the subsystem von Neumann equations in parallel. Importantly, the information flow needs to be preserved during the discarding of large- scale information. To achieve this without the need to make assumptions about the microscopic details of the information current, we introduce a second scale at which information is discarded while using the state at the maximum scale to accurately obtain the information flow. The resulting algorithm, which we call local-information time evolution (LITE), is highly versatile and suitable for investigating many-body quantum dynamics in both closed and open quantum systems with diverse hydrodynamic behaviors. In this talk, I will present results for the energy transport in the mixed-field Ising model, where we accurately determine the power-law exponent and the energy diffusion constant. Furthermore, I will sketch how we used the LITE approach to reproduce and interpret the results found in a recent experiment with NV centers in diamonds. Finally, I will briefly mention how the information lattice can be employed to obtain insightful results about the spatial structure of entanglement in generic many-body quantum states. References:
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Sebastian Diehl (Université de Cologne) | Détails Fermer |
Driven open quantum systems : from micro- to macrophysics le mercredi 17 janvier 2024 à 10:00 |
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Shantanu Mishra (IBM Zurich) | Détails Fermer |
Carbon magnetism : from single molecules to quantum spin chains le mardi 16 janvier 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The electronic structure of organic molecules can be efficiently tailored through a rational design of molecular size, shape, and atomic structure of the edges. Simple geometrical considerations can also give rise to magnetism in organic molecules. As opposed to the localized nature of magnetic moments in transition metal atoms, unpaired electrons in organic molecules reside in delocalized molecular orbitals, which promotes efficient, tunable, and robust intermolecular magnetic coupling. Combining rational design principles with on-surface chemistry, I will show the generation and characterization of magnetism in individual polyaromatic hydrocarbons by scanning probe microscopy 1, 2. I will further demonstrate the bottom-up fabrication of molecular S = 1 antiferromagnetic quantum spin chains 3. Herein, a systematic study of length-dependent magnetic excitations in both open-ended and cyclic spin chains reveal gapped spin excitations in the bulk, with the gap saturating for sufficiently long spin chains, and fractional S = 1/2 edge states at the chain termini, which manifest as Kondo resonances. It will be shown that these spectral features ratify Haldane’s conjecture for integer-spin antiferromagnetic chains 4, 5, which has not been conclusively demonstrated in experiments. Lastly, I will move toward the study of magnetic molecules on insulating surfaces. Here, the tip-induced synthesis of an elusive organic molecule, namely indeno[1,2-a]fluorene, will be demonstrated on ultrathin insulating NaCl films on (111) coinage metal surfaces 6. The molecule exhibits ground state bistability, wherein it can be stabilized either in a magnetic or a non-magnetic state, and can be switched between the two states simply by changing its adsorption site on NaCl. References : - 1 S. Mishra et al. Nature Nanotechnology 15, 22–28 (2020) -2 S. Mishra et al. Nature Chemistry 13, 581–586 (2021)- 3 S. Mishra et al. Nature 598, 287–292 (2021) -4 F. D. M. Haldane, Physical Review Letters 50, 1153–1156 (1983) - 5 I. Affleck et al. Physical Review Letters 59, 799–802 (1987) 6 S. Mishra et al. Nature Chemistry (2023, in press). Liens : |
Sebastian Diehl (Université de Cologne) | Détails Fermer |
Driven open quantum systems : from micro- to macrophysics le mardi 16 janvier 2024 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Recent experimental developments in areas - ranging from cold atomic gases over light driven quantum materials to NISQ platforms - move systems into the focus. These systems realize instances of driven open quantum matter: Coherent and driven-dissipative quantum dynamics occur on an equal footing, and they are operated in the thermodynamic limit. They are thus located on the interface of quantum optics, condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics. In the first lecture, we will develop the tools to understand such systems based on a field theory approach to the many-body Lindblad equation, which is particularly well suited to perform the transition from microscopic physics to macroscopic observables, thereby distilling universal aspects of such setups. In the second lecture, we will argue that drive and dissipation need not to act destructively on quantum mechanical correlations such as phase coherence, entanglement or topological order, but can even be used to create them. We will concentrate on topology, and apply the field theory framework to demonstrate
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Quentin Marsal (Uppsala University) | Détails Fermer |
Chiral disorder and quantum metric in graphene le vendredi 12 janvier 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Random vacancies in a graphene monolayer induce defect states that are known to form a narrow impurity band centered around zero energy at half-filling. We use a space-resolved formulation of the quantum metric and establish a strong enhancement of the electronic correlations in this impurity band. The enhancement is primarily due to strong correlations between pairs of vacancies situated on different sublattices at anomalously large spatial distances. We trace the strong enhancement to both the multifractal vacancy wave functions, which ties the system exactly at the Anderson insulator transition for all defect concentrations, and preserving the chiral symmetry. Liens : |
Loren Coquille (Institut Fourier, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Extremal decomposition of free state for finite-spin models on regular trees le mercredi 10 janvier 2024 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Below the so-called spin-glass temperature, the free state of the Ising model on a regular tree is not extremal. Moreover, its extremal decomposition is a continuous measure, supported on (uncountably many) inhomogeneous extremal states, which have some kind of « glassy » feature. I will present some ideas behind a proof of this result, which provides explicit concentration bounds on ”branch overlaps”, playing the role of an order parameter for typical extremals. The proof extends quite generally to ferromagnetic finite-spin models, even slightly asymmetric (i.e. where small inhomogeneous field terms are added), which shows that the above behaviour is generic on regular trees. This is a joint work with Christof Külske (Bochum) and Arnaud Le Ny (Paris-Est Créteil). |
Théo Sépulcre (Chalmers) | Détails Fermer |
Universal control of a bosonic mode bia drive-activated native cubic interactions le mardi 09 janvier 2024 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Bosonic modes provide a hardware-efficient alternative to qubit-based quantum information processing. However, achieving universal control on bosons requires access to a nonlinearity, or to resourceful non-Gaussian quantum states like cubic phase states. Superconducting microwave circuits offer such strong nonlinearities but face other challenges, like parasitic state distortion due to the Kerr effect and shorter coherence times. In this talk, we will demonstrate how these difficulties can be overcome. We harness the 3rd order non-linearity of a SNAIL (Superconducting Nonlinear Asymmetric Inductive eLement) dipole terminated resonator through simultaneous flux and charge pumping to obtain the desired cubic state, 45 times faster than decoherence. In parallel, we minimize the 4th order Kerr effect by adjusting the flux DC bias. Achieving this required meticulous pulse calibration and circuit modeling. We will delve into the details of these processes and discuss how our simulation efforts shed light on the primary causes of infidelity in our current experimental setup. Liens : |
Srijit Goswami (QuTech Delft) | Détails Fermer |
Majorana bound states in artificial Kitaev chains le mardi 19 décembre 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In the past decade superconductor-semiconductor hybrids have been studied intensively, with significant efforts towards studying Majorana bound states (MBSs). In this talk I will discuss a relatively new approach to realize MBSs using quantum dot-superconductor hybrids. I will focus on how MBSs can be systematically and reliably engineered in a two-dimensional electron gas by tuning the relative strengths of the different kinds of couplings between the quantum dots [1,2]. Ref.: [1] Triplet correlations in Cooper pair splitters realized in a two-dimensional electron gas; https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-40551-z [2] Engineering Majorana bound states in coupled quantum dots in a two-dimensional electron gas; https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.03208 Liens : |
Kazushi Kanoda (Max Planck Institute FKF, University of Stuttgart and University of Tokyo) | Détails Fermer |
Emergent states of interacting electrons in triangular-lattice organics: quantum spin liquid, charge glass, and unconventional superconductivity le vendredi 15 décembre 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Triangular lattices are uncomfortable stages for interacting electrons, however, which bring about emergent states. In half-filled band systems, antiferromagnetically interacting spins are strongly frustrated and may exhibit a quantum spin liquid (QSL). In quarter-filled band systems, Coulomb interacting electrons fail to form a Wigner crystal on a triangular lattice but may freeze into a charge glass (CG) state, which even may quantum melt. The organic k-ET salts and q-ET salts are good model systems for the former and latter subjects, respectively. I present our updated results on these two issues. For the issue of QSL, I summarize the present experimental status on the QSL candidate, k-(ET)2Cu2(CN)3, and also show unconventional properties (non-Fermi liquidity, quantum criticality, BEC-like superconductivity) in the doped QSL candidate, k-(ET)4Hg2.89Br8. For the issue of CG, I show quantum-classical dual properties of glasses exhibited by a series of q-ET2X. Liens : |
Fabian Hassler (RWTH Aachen) | Détails Fermer |
Photon counting statistics at the parametric instability le vendredi 15 décembre 2023 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : We study the effect of quantum fluctuations on the parametric instability of a degenerate parametric oscillator at threshold. Relying on a weak nonlinearity, we identify an (effective) universal Liouvillian consistent with the symmetries of the system that captures the slow (long-time) dynamics. We find that all cumulants exhibit universal power-law scaling with the nonlinearity, with the Fano factor showing a maximum near the threshold. For a voltage biased Josephson junction, the method of third quantization method is used to identify the slow modes and to derive the effective dynamics by adiabatic elimination of the fast modes. In this way, the parameters entering the effective model can be linked to the microscopic parameters of the experimental platform. Our findings offer insights into the oscillator\'s behavior and provide a foundation for understanding and predicting the parametric instability at threshold. Liens : |
Samuel Deléglise (LKB) | Détails Fermer |
Towards quantum control of an ultracoherent mechanical resonator with a RF fluxonium qubit le mardi 12 décembre 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Beyond their applications in quantum computing, superconducting qubits are a powerful platform to probe various quantum phenomena in the context of hybrid quantum systems [1]. However, most of them are confined to the GHz frequency domain, limiting the class of systems they can interact with. Building upon the heavy fluxonium architecture introduced by ref. [2], we have developed a superconducting qubit with an unprecedentedly low transition frequency of 1.8 MHz [3]. Notably, we have demonstrated a qubit with a coherence time exceeding 30 μs, a sideband cooling scheme to prepare the qubit in a pure state with 97.7% fidelity, and single-shot readout capability. Moreover, by detecting a weak charge modulation by repeated qubit interrogation, we demonstrate the high-sensitivity of this qubit architecture to a nearly resonant AC-charge drive, proving its potential in a hybrid circuit scenario. We will finally present our recent efforts to achieve the strong coupling regime between this qubit and an ultra-coherent softly-clamped mechanical membrane. Ref.: [1] Y. Chu et al. Nature 563, 666 (2018). [2] H. Zhang et al. Physical Review X 11, 011010 (2021). [3] Najera et al. arXiv:2307.14329 (2023). In review at PRX. Liens : |
Glenn Wagner (Zurich University) | Détails Fermer |
How strain and phonons modify the strong-coupling picture of twisted bilayer graphene le vendredi 1er décembre 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The strong coupling picture of twisted bilayer graphene provides a framework for understanding the correlated insulators observed in experiments. In this picture, the insulators are generalised quantum Hall ferromagnets which break certain symmetries. However, this picture is known to be incomplete and certain features are incompatible with experiments. In particular, recent scanning tunnelling have observed a state that breaks moiré translational symmetry. I will show that incorporating strain into a Hartree-Fock study of twisted bilayer graphene results in precisely the state observed in experiment. On the other hand, a state that respects moiré translational symmetry has been observed in low strain devices. Reconciling this observation with the model requires an additional ingredient, namely a specific phonon mode, the so-called K-phonon. I will investigate whether this phonon mode could be responsible for superconductivity. Liens :Zurich University |
Jens H. Bardarson (KTH) | Détails Fermer |
Lecture 2: Localization, interactions and thermalization le vendredi 17 novembre 2023 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Prof. Bardarson, invited CPTGA professor, will deliver a two session lecture touching on contemporary topics in disorder, topological and out-of equilibrium phenomena. This is the announcement of the second session, which will be split into two lectures, 45 min each, with a 15 min break in between. Coffee and pastries will be served during the break, and food and refreshments will be served to conclude the lecture series. The format is mainly directed to PhD students and postdocs, but senior researchers are of course welcome. Liens : |
Jean-Sébastien Caux (Institute of Physics, Amsterdam) | Détails Fermer |
Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of strongly-correlated systems: lessons from integrability le jeudi 16 novembre 2023 à 14:00 |
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Antoine Marquet (ENS Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
Autoparametric resonance extending the bit-flip time of a cat qubit up to 0.3 s le mardi 14 novembre 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Bosonic codes encoded using superconducting circuits offer a promising approach towards quantum error correction. Using continuous-variable systems, such as a harmonic oscillator realized in superconducting circuits, these codes compactly encode the quantum information in multi-photon states of a memory mode. Specifically, we use cat qubits for which the logical states 0 and 1 are two coherent states of a harmonic oscillator with opposite phases. These states are stabilized by leveraging dissipation to our advantage so that photon exchanges between the harmonic mode and its environment predominantly occur in pairs. In this way, "bit-flip" errors are exponentially suppressed as a function of the number of photons contained by the mode, at the modest cost of a linear increase in "phase-flip" errors. These errors could then be corrected by an additional layer of correction, such as a repetition code of cat qubits. At the heart of this thesis work is the introduction of a self-parametric superconducting circuit that non-linearly couples a mode containing the cat qubit to a dissipative mode whose frequency is set to twice that of the cat mode. Unlike previous implementations, this passive coupling does not require a parametric pump and achieves a high two-photon dissipation rate of around 2.16 MHz. Bit-flip errors are then avoided for a characteristic period of up to 0.3 s, with a moderate impact on phase-flip errors. In addition, we demonstrate universal control of this qubit using the two-photon dissipation to implement X, Y, and Z logic gates of arbitrary angles. Liens : |
Aniket Rath (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mardi 14 novembre 2023 à 14:00 |
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Jens H. Bardarson (KTH) | Détails Fermer |
Lecture 1: Anderson Localization and topology le mardi 14 novembre 2023 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Prof. Bardarson, invited CPTGA professor, will deliver a two session lecture touching on contemporary topics in disorder, topological and out-of equilibrium phenomena. This is the announcement of the first session, which will be split into two lectures, 45 min each, with a 15 min break in between. Coffee and pastries will be served during the break. The format is mainly directed to PhD students and postdocs, but senior researchers are of course welcome. Second lecture: Friday 17/11/23 Liens : |
Jeanne Colbois (Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Toulouse) | Détails Fermer |
Extreme value statistics and localization in random spin chains le mercredi 08 novembre 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Extreme value theory is best known to predict disasters, for example in hydrology to anticipate floods or in epidemiology to quickly identify emerging diseases. Here, I would like to describe how it gives insight into some non-trivial effects in random spin chains. Indeed, despite a very good understanding of single-particle Anderson localization in one-dimensional quantum disordered systems, many-body effects are still full of surprises, a famous example being the interaction-driven many-body localization (MBL) [1, 2] in the random-field Heisenberg chain, whose non-interacting limit already shows non-trivial multiparticle physics, which allows to probe some general mechanisms using large-scale exact diagonalization. Here, I will focus in particular on a chain breaking mechanism occurring in the XX and the Heisenberg spin chains in a random field from an extreme value statistics perspective [3]. Supported by state-of-the-art numerical simulations at infinite temperature, this analysis leads to the striking observation of a sharp "extreme-statistics transition" in the Heisenberg chain as the disorder changes, which may coincide with the recently debated MBL transition. References
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Christoph Hellings (ETH Zurich) | Détails Fermer |
Hardware-efficient and robust implementation of a continuous two-qubit gate set for transmon qubits le mardi 07 novembre 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Variational quantum algorithms and quantum machine learning are considered to be promising candidates for achieving a quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers, which are limited by decoherence and gate errors. In such a setting, the quality of the result of an algorithm strongly depends on the fidelity and duration of the applied quantum logic gates, but also on the so-called circuit depth, i.e., the number of subsequent gates required to execute the algorithm. A versatile hardware-native gate set, including, e.g., a continuous set of two-qubit gates, can thus improve the performance of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing by reducing the circuit depth [1]. After revisiting some fundamentals of superconducting transmon qubits, this talk presents a hardware-efficient implementation of a continuous set of controlled-phase gates, parameterized by the conditional phase. The approach is an extension of the controlled-phase gate from [2] and is based on the resonant interaction between two flux-tunable transmons. In this implementation, an arbitrary conditional phase can be achieved by tuning a single pulse parameter, and the vanishing time integral of the employed net-zero control pulses [2] provides robustness against memory effects stemming from long-time distortions in flux control lines. Furthermore, by activating the gate via flux control of both qubits, we demonstrate that the gate can be performed between far-detuned qubits, strongly suppressing residual interactions when the gate is off. We characterize the continuous gate set with cross-entropy benchmarking for fixed values of the conditional phase and for phases randomly drawn from a uniform distribution, confirming a consistently high gate fidelity over the full range of conditional phases. Ref.: [1] Lacroix et al., PRX Quantum 2020. [2] Negirneac et al., PRL 2021. Liens : |
Ariane Soret (University of Luxembourg) | Détails Fermer |
Thermodynamics of light at the nanoscale – a stochastic thermodynamics approach to coherent energy exchanges between lasers and atoms le mardi 24 octobre 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : What are the thermodynamic laws governing the energy flows and fluctuations of light interacting with quantum systems? Despite the widespread use of light in science, the thermodynamics of the fluctuations of photons at the nanoscale is still ill understood. A powerful framework to study energy fluctuations in small, complex, and far from equilibrium systems has emerged in the past two decades, stochastic thermodynamics (1), which was successfully used for electronic, colloidal and biological systems. One of the main achievements of stochastic thermodynamics is the derivation of fluctuation theorems, expressed as a symmetry relating entropy or energy fluctuations generated during a given forward process with the fluctuations of the time reversed process. Fluctuation theorems imply that, remarkably, regardless of the complexity of the system, the dynamics are constrained to obey a universal symmetry. The even more recent field of quantum stochastic thermodynamics aims at extending these ideas to quantum systems, in order to account for coherent effects and entanglement, but little has been done for light-matter interactions. In this talk, I will present our recent results, in the direction of building a framework for the thermodynamics of light-matter interactions at the fluctuating level. Central to the theory of stochastic thermodynamics is the notion of thermodynamic consistency: every thermodynamic quantity obtained from the stochastic dynamics should have a thermodynamic interpretation which is justified at the microscopic scale. On the other hand, a widespread approach to open quantum systems is to derive quantum master equations describing the reduced dynamics of a quantum system by tracing out its environment. A thermodynamically consistent quantum master equation should therefore preserve the symmetries of the fluctuation theorems. The first main result (2) of the talk is the identification of a new generalized quantum detailed balance condition which quantum master equations must satisfy in order to be thermodynamically consistent. We then focus of the case of coherent energy exchanges between lasers and atoms. The second main result (3) is the derivation of a fluctuation theorem for the energy transferred from a laser to an atom, valid even in the strong light-matter coupling regime. We then examine the thermodynamic consistency of master equations describing the dynamics of an atom coherently driven by a laser – the optical Bloch master equation and the Floquet master equation. We find that the Floquet master equation is fully consistent, i.e., satisfies the first and second laws of thermodynamics at the fluctuating level, while the Bloch equation is only consistent at the average level. Ref.: (1) U. Seifert. “Stochastic thermodynamics, fluctuation theorems and molecular machines”. Reports on progress in physics, 75(12):126001 (2012) (2) A. Soret, V. Cavina, M. Esposito. “Thermodynamic consistency of quantum master equations”, Phys. Rev. A, 106:062209 (2022) (3) A. Soret, M. Esposito. “Thermodynamics of coherent energy exchanges in quantum optics”. (draft in preparation). Liens : |
Bertrand Reulet (Université de Sherbrooke) | Détails Fermer |
Broadband quantum microwave emitted by a tunnel junction le mardi 17 octobre 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In a tunnel junction, electrons cross randomly the insulating barrier in very short times. This generates a broadband electromagnetic field. Quantum mechanics adds an ingredient to this: the voltage bias V imposed on the electrons translates into a correlation time h/eV in the current fluctuations and the generated field. With a time-resolved experiment we show how these correlations occur within a single cycle of an ac excitation at 4 GHz. This allows to generate squeezing and entanglement between far apart frequencies in the 10GHz range. In a broadband signal however, frequency is not a very relevant concept. We have developed an experiment to analyze the statistics of bicolor or broadband photons. From this we show that a tunnel junction excited at 12 GHz generates squeezed vacuum over the 3-9 GHz bandwidth. Our setup could be used to analyze any signal in the 1-10GHz range. Liens : |
Gerhard Jung (Montpellier) | Détails Fermer |
Coarse-Graining (Non-)Equilibrium Soft Matter Systems: Theory and Applications le mercredi 11 octobre 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Soft matter systems are often governed by processes on multiple different time and length scales. Bridging the gap between these scales and numerically study emergent behavior of many-body systems thus usually requires the usage of coarse-grained models. In general situations in which the separation of time scales is incomplete, such coarse-grained models will feature non-Markovian memory effects and colored noise, as suggested by the Mori-Zwanzig formalism. In equilibrium systems, a plethora of methodologies have been derived to construct non-Markovian coarse-grained models. Their applicability, however, becomes questionable in non-equilibrium systems. In this talk I will give an introduction to non-Markovian modeling and provide examples for successful applications. Subsequently, I will explain why the presented methodology cannot be directly applied to non-equilibrium systems. At the end, I will present my personal roadmap towards developing theoretical foundations and data-driven coarse-grained models for out-of-equilibrium soft matter systems. Liens : |
Christoph Strunk (Regensburg, Germany) | Détails Fermer |
Supercurrent rectification and magnetochirality in ballistic Josephson diodes [ATTENTION HORAIRE ET DATES EXCEPTIONNELLES] le lundi 09 octobre 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : [Beware of the unusual day/time: Monday 11am !]. The recent discovery of intrinsic supercurrent diode effect (1), and its prompt observation in a rich variety of systems, has shown that nonreciprocal supercurrents naturally emerge when both space- and time-inversion symmetries are broken. I will report on both dc and ac manifestations of the Josephson diode effect in the non-linear inductance in planar Josephson junctions, based on a ballistic Al/InAs-heterostructure that is exposed to an in-plane magnetic field Bp (2). At low Bp a non-reciprocal term is found in the inductance that is linear in Bp. At higher Bp a sign reversal of the magnetochiral term is observed that can be traced back to a 0-pi-like transition in the current-phase relation (3). Different avenues for a theoretical interpretation are discussed. As pronounced date tunability of both the phi_0 shift and the diode efficiency in an asymmetric SQUID device demonstrates that Rashba spin-orbit interaction provides a substantial contribution to the Josephson diode effect (4). Ref.: [1] F. Ando et al., Nature 584, 373 (2020). [2] C. Baumgartner et al., Nature Nanotech. 17, 39 (2022). [3] C. Baumgartner et al., Nature Nanotech. (2023). [4] S. Reinhardt et al., arXiv.2308.01061 Liens : |
Matthieu Delbecq (LPENS (Paris)) | Détails Fermer |
Universal fluctuations of the induced superconducting gap in an elemental nanowire le mardi 26 septembre 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Proximity induced superconductivity in a normal conductor is a rich field of experimental and theoretical investigations in many systems. In the last decade, it has been particularly at the heart of the quest for realizing topological modes in hybrid superconductor-nanowire nanodevices. Yet surprisingly, it turns out that there was a clear lack of investigations in simple systems. We therefore took on to investigate an elemental nanowire in the 1D limit (an ultra-clean carbon nanotube) coupled to a superconducting lead. We observe for the first time a long standing prediction of random matrix theory (RMT), dating back to 2001, that mesoscopic fluctuations of the mini-gap in a conductor follow a universal distribution (1). The statistical distribution of the mini-gap recorded over 60 consecutive charge states in our device shows a universal behavior with a transition when time reversal symmetry is broken, as predicted by RMT. Interestingly, mesoscopic fluctuations of the minigap were precisely predicted to lead to ubiquitous nontopological edge states clustering towards zero energy. We do indeed observe ubiquitous and robust zero bias conductance peaks in our device that cannot host topological modes by design, as expected by RMT. The RMT predictions that we confirm are very general and must be present in any system showing disorder, even if it is weak. It therefore unambiguously calls for alternative probes than transport measurement to identify Majorana modes in 1D systems. Microwave photons in a cavity are a promising powerful platform (2) that I will discuss. Ref.: (1) L. C. Contamin et al., Nature Communications 13, 6188 (2022). (2) L. C. Contamin et al., Npj Quantum Inf. 7, 171 (2021). Liens : |
Andrea Tononi (Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LPTMS) | Détails Fermer |
Self-bound fermionic mixtures in low dimensions le vendredi 22 septembre 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Self-binding in Bose-Bose mixtures has received lots of theoretical [1] and experimental [2] attention in the recent years, and a few studies also discussed Bose-Fermi droplets [3]. Fermi-Fermi mixtures with zero-range interspecies attraction, however, are not expected to display self-bound states, since the fermions of one species should overcome a strong Pauli pressure to bind the fermions of the other. This repulsion is, in fact, the fundamental mechanism that provides stability of Fermi mixtures along the BCS-BEC crossover, in which the dimers repel and do not form larger clusters [4]. In our work [5], we find that a 1D Fermi-Fermi mixture with sufficiently large mass imbalance can form a self-bound state in the thermodynamic limit. This result elaborates our previous few-body analyses [6], and is based on a mean-field theory in which the heavy fermions are described within the Thomas-Fermi approximation, which is exact in the limit of large mass ratios. We are also extending our theory towards the 2D case, which is complicated by the same scaling with length of the kinetic energy and of the interaction energy of the system [7]. Our work sets the basis for understanding liquid-like states in fermionic gases. References
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Christian Schönenberger (University of Basel) | Détails Fermer |
Search for the Fractional Josephson Effect in Topological and Nontopological Materials le mardi 19 septembre 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : I will report on an extensive search of the AC Josephson effect of superconducting junctions and weak links obtained from various materials in a low-ohmic environment allowing for DC bias. The materials are two-dimensional graphene, Al proximitized InAs quantum wells, the Dirac semimetal cadmium arsenide, the Weyl semimetal tungsten telluride WTe2, the 3D topological insulator HgTe, InAs nanowires and carbon nanotubes, as well as conventional Al-based reference Josephson junctions. We have studied AC Josephson emission, Shapiro steps, current-phase relations and Fraunhofer patterns to address the current distribution. We can observe missing Shapiro steps, but there is no AC Josepshon signal appearing concurrently at frequency eV/h, as expected for topological junctions. However, we find strong higher order Josephson terms that go with frequency as 2neV/h with n=1,2,3... These terms stem from simultaneous inelastic tunneling of n Cooper-pairs. The relation to the skewness of the CPR will be addressed. I would also like to stress that we observe missing Shapiro steps even in standard conventional Al-Al-oxide-Al Josephson junctions. Hence, missing odd Shapiro steps cannot serve as a signature for topological superconductivity, although this signature has been used multiple of time for the in the concurrent literature.
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Louis Garbe | Détails Fermer |
KPZ fluctuations and bosonic skin effect in the ASIP model le mardi 12 septembre 2023 à 11:00 |
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Mikhail Feigelman (LPMMC, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Theory of the 1st order Superconductor-Insulator transition le jeudi 13 juillet 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Recent experimental studies of transport in strongly disordered Indium Oxide films revealed an unusual first-order phase transition between superconducting and insulating state, with the jump of kinetic inductance of the system at the transition. In the present work we propose interpretation of this transition as the transition between superconducting state built on top of Cooper pairs localized due to disorder present in the system, and a Coulomb-glass type insulator with developed Coulomb gap. To describe this transition analytically, we present a theoretical model formulated in terms of Anderson pseudospins. Utilizing mean-field Parisi replica-symmetry breaking scheme, we demonstrate the existence of a region in the parameter space where both phases are locally stable w.r.t. small fluctuations, which is the necessary condition for the first order phase transition. Finally, we provide estimates on the free energy of both phases and the position of the transition itself. The talk will start from an extensive exposition of the SIT subject, which has a long history. The seminar can also via followed via zoom https://univ-grenoble-alpes-fr.zoom.us/j/99884767935?pwd=dmpSVGVFZ2I5WkQyNEFLN2t1dVhEQT09 (Meeting ID: 998 8476 7935, Passcode: 630179) Liens : |
Tomas Ramos (Institute of Fundamental Physics Madrid) | Détails Fermer |
Characterization of QND Measurements and Topological Amplification in Superconducting Circuits le mardi 11 juillet 2023 à 14:00 |
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Kirill Shtengel (UC Riverside) | Détails Fermer |
Experimental signatures of non-Abelian braiding in quantum Hall systems at nu=5/2 and 7/2 le vendredi 30 juin 2023 à 11:00 |
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Robert Whitney (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
LPMMC discussion: Pursuing an Academic Career after a PhD in Theoretical Physics le mercredi 28 juin 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A round-table discussion about academic careers in theoretical physics, led by members of the LPMMC staff. It is intended for PhDs/Postdocs of LPMMC, but theoretical physics PhDs/postdocs from other labs are welcome. The discussion will start with a presentation on the practical aspects: when to apply for CNRS and University jobs (France and abroad), what juries are looking for, etc. It will then move on to discuss how you judge if a academic career is suitable for you, and how to maximize your chances. Liens :Robert WhitneyLPMMC |
Antimo Marrazzo (Trieste) | Détails Fermer |
Finding 2D topological insulators with computers: crystals, disorder and temperature le vendredi 23 juin 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Almost two decades after the theoretical formulation of the quantum spin Hall insulating phase (QSHI), the number of real two-dimensional (2D) QSHI materials which have been confirmed experimentally is relatively limited, often exhibiting poor performances. Indeed, the intrinsic robustness advocated by topological protection can still suffer by the presence of defects or temperature effects, as most real QSHI can be easily perturbed into a metallic or trivial state. In addition, theoretical predictions of QSHIs can be very sensitive to the accuracy of the electronic-structure methods employed. Hence, fundamental research and potential technological applications of QSHIs are hindered both by the rarity of high-performance topological materials and by the lack of predictive modelling in complex settings, ranging from strong correlations to disorder, to finite temperature. In this talk, I will first present some achievements in the discovery and design of novel QSHI with first-principles simulations. In particular, I will discuss our discovery of jacutingaite, a naturally-occurring dual topological insulator made by potentially-exfoliable monolayers. 2D jacutingaite realizes graphene’s Kane-Mele model with a large band gap and a nice interplay between spin-orbit coupling, crystal-symmetry breaking, and dielectric response. Beyond materials discovery, I will provide an example of materials design and discuss our prediction of robust ferroelectric QSHI states in van-der-Waals heterobilayers made by two non-topological monolayers.  Finally, I will present more recent efforts towards ab-initio modelling of disorder and temperature in QSHIs. In particular, I will introduce single-point and space-resolved frameworks to calculate the Z2 topological invariant and other geometrical quantities for non-crystalline systems. These latest efforts are being released in a dedicated software package, SPInv, which is designed to work both with model Hamiltonians and first-principles simulations, operating in the Wannier function software ecosystem. Liens : |
Olivier Gauthé (CMTC, EPFL ) | Détails Fermer |
Tensor network approach to strongly correlated systems at finite temperature le mercredi 21 juin 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Over the last decades, tensor network methods have emerged as the one of the most powerful numerical methods for tackling the many-body problem in quantum physics. In this talk, we will review the core principles of tensor network and their applications in condensed matter physics. We will focus on two dimensional systems and discuss simulating strongly correlated systems at thermal equilibrium. In such systems, implementing efficient imaginary time evolution and tensor network contraction proves challenging due to the requirement of very large bond dimensions to maintain physical relevance at low temperatures. In addition, it is essential to preserve good numerical accuracy to avoid unphysical symmetry breakings that may hide important physics. The solution for both issues is to incorporate non-abelian symmetry directly at the tensor level, which yields substantial improvements in performance and precision. To illustrate the potential of this approach, we will present results on the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on the square lattice with nearest-neighbor coupling J1 and next-nearest coupling J2 (J1-J2 model) at finite temperature [1]. We will introduce several ways to detect the thermal phase transition occurring in this model and generalize them to related models. Reference[1] O. Gauthé & F. Mila, PRL, 128, 227202 (2022)Liens :Olivier GauthéCMTC, EPFL |
Anne Anthore (C2N) | Détails Fermer |
Observation of a Kondo impurity state and universal screening using a charge pseudospin le mardi 20 juin 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The Kondo effect, deriving from a local magnetic impurity mediating electron-electron interactions, constitutes a flourishing basis for understanding a variety of intricate many-body problems. Its experimental implementation in tunable circuits has made possible advances through well-controlled investigations. However, these have mostly concerned transport properties, whereas thermodynamic observations - notably the fundamental measurement of the spin of the Kondo impurity - remain elusive in test-bed circuits. In this talk, I will present how we directly observe the state of the impurity and its progressive screening with a novel combination of a "charge" Kondo circuit and a charge sensor. We establish the universal renormalization flow from a single free spin to a screened singlet, the associated reduction in the magnetization, and the relationship between scaling Kondo temperature and microscopic parameters. Liens : |
Debanjan Chowdhury (Cornell University) | Détails Fermer |
Useful bounds on superconducting Tc le vendredi 16 juin 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Superconductivity in the limit of a vanishing bandwidth in isolated bands is a classic example of a non-perturbative problem, where BCS theory does not apply. What sets the superconducting phase stiffness, and relatedly the transition temperature, in this limit is of both fundamental and practical interest. This question has become especially relevant with the discovery of superconductivity in moiré materials. I will begin by examining critically the relevance of various proposed bounds on the superconducting transition temperature and propose a non-perturbative upper bound on the integrated optical spectral weight for partially filled electronic flat bands with generic density-density interactions. I will also present numerically exact results for the interplay between superconductivity and various competing orders in models of interacting flat-bands. Liens : |
Maria Spies (CNR NANO (Istituto Nanoscienze)) | Détails Fermer |
Quasiparticle-based and Cooper pair-based superconducting diodes le mardi 13 juin 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Diodes are key elements for electronics, optics, and detection. Their evolution towards low dissipation electronics has lead to the hybridization with superconductors (S) and the realization of non-reciprocal transport of both quasiparticles and Cooper pairs. That occurs when both spatial inversion and time-reversal symmetries are broken. Here, we review both effects comparing their efficiencies and basic principles. The quasi-particle diode is a superconducting tunnel junction with zero conductance in only one direction. The directionselective propagation of the charge has been obtained through the broken electron-hole symmetry induced by the spin selection of a ferromagnetic tunnel barrier made of a EuS thin film separating a superconducting Al and a normal metal Cu layer. It achieves a large rectification of up to 40%. On the other hand, supercurrent diodes made with hybrid S/spinorbit/ S Josephson Junctions or with two-dimensional Rashba superconductors have been demonstrated to show zero resistance in only one direction. We describe the equation of the supercurrent diode effect in a generic formalism that may inspire novel devices based on helical magnetism induced in conventional superconductors. lien zoom: https://univ-grenoble-alpes-fr.zoom.us/j/91808901596?pwd=UWZ2cml2N1VBOEZBenk0d3RJek9rdz09 Liens :Maria SpiesCNR NANO (Istituto Nanoscienze) |
Colloquium Steven White (University of California, Irvine) | Détails Fermer |
Do the single band Hubbard models describe superconductivity in the cuprates? le vendredi 09 juin 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Since the beginnings of high temperature superconductivity in the cuprates, a key theoretical question has been whether the single band Hubbard model and its cousin, the t-J model, describe the superconductivity at least qualitatively. While initially this seemed like a simple question, the physics of both the cuprates and the models is now known to be much more complicated. A key complication is the presence of spontaneously formed striped arrangements of holes, which have been argued (by different people!) to either enhance or to suppress superconductivity. The models are very challenging to simulate, but even harder to treat analytically. In this talk I will present new simulation results from both DMRG and quantum Monte Carlo which are closing in on the ground state phase diagrams of these iconic models. Liens : |
Matteo Votto (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
A Walsh functions toolbox for hamiltonian and gate engineering in dipolar quantum systems le mercredi 07 juin 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : External driving fields acting on qubits have been proven a useful tool in quantum simulation, both to improve coherence and to effectively engineer hamiltonian evolutions not accessible with the underlying quantum hardware. We propose a protocol to engineer 1) arbitrary two-body hamiltonians and 2) a universal set of gates with long-range connectivity, using a qubit system subject to a static dipolar Hamiltonian and local driving fields. Our approach relies on the circuit decomposition of the quantum dynamics, and the parametrization of the time dependence of the driving fields with Walsh functions, which allows to sequentially implement the various hamiltonian terms on specific subsystems. Furthermore, it can easily incorporate global pulse sequences to reduce decoherence, for which robustness criterion have been studied. Our proposal can be readily implemented in various quantum technology platforms, e.g. in trapped ions, or dipolar Rydberg atom arrays with qubits encoded in the hyperfine levels. We illustrate this toolbox with two examples: 1) a quantum simulation protocol for spin models and 2) the realization of surface and toric codes. Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (University of Pittsburgh (USA)) | Détails Fermer |
Unconventional Josephson Effects in Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Junctions le mardi 06 juin 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Hybrid superconductor-semiconductor nanowires came into focus due to their promise for realizing Majorana modes. They were also tried in quantum circuits such as transmon qubits and parametric amplifiers. The same factors that make them interesting for these applications are also associated with a host of interesting Josephson effects. The structures tend to be ballistic or quasi-ballistic, come with gate-voltage control, exhibit strong spin-orbit coupling, large g-factors and transparent interfaces. Because of this, we took to studying higher-order Josephson effects, Josephson phi0-junctions, the combination of these that leads to Josephson diode phenomena, as well as supercurrents through single one-dimensional subbands. We also keep and eye on effects related to Majorana and topology such as spin-polarized supercurrents and fractional Josephson effects, but so far have not found those. Liens : |
Dmitri Khveschenko (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) | Détails Fermer |
Dirac physics in graphene: scotch tape-induced relativity, chiral symmetry breaking, magnetic catalysis, analogue holographic correspondence, and more le vendredi 26 mai 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Graphene and other Dirac (semi)metals provide an experimentally accessible playground for a host of (pseudo) relativistic phenomena that would be hard (or impossible) to observe in nature. This discussion reviews some of those peculiar behaviors that can be probed in transport, tunneling, photoemission, and other measurements Liens : |
Côme Fontaine (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
A study of the scaling of the solutions to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in the tensionless limit le mercredi 17 mai 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) is a non-linear stochastic equation describing the growth of an interface. Although it has been thoroughly studied in one dimension, recent numerical simulations unveiled a new unexpected scaling regime in the tensionless limit, when the diffusion term vanishes. This new regime is characterized by a dynamical exponent z=1, in contrast of its value in the conventional KPZ regime (z=3/2) and Edward-Wilkinson (EW) regime (z=2) . In this work, we study this tensionless regime as an ultra-violet fixed point of the renormalisation group (RG). A numerical study of the flow to the infrared allows us to observe the scaling function associated to this fixed point when the effective coupling goes to infinity. In addition, we obtain the z=1 dynamical exponent using a large momentum expansion of the RG flow equation. Liens :LPMMC |
François Parmentier (Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC) | Détails Fermer |
Heat equilibration of integer and fractional quantum Hall edge modes in graphene le mardi 16 mai 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The fractional quantum Hall effect is one of the most intriguing phenomena of condensed matter physics, where electronic interactions in a two-dimension electron gas subjected to a strong magnetic field lead to the emergence of highly exotic states with highly unusual properties. Among these, the existence of neutral edge modes, carrying only energy along the edges of the sample in a direction upstream to that of charge transport, has driven more than three decades of research. Their charge neutral nature has made them singularly challenging to probe, such that they were only first observed in 2010. Since then, many works have addressed the thermal transport properties of neutral modes, in particular whether they exchange energy with their neighboring counterpropagating charged edge modes. Significant progress was recently made on this topic, but an important question remained unanswered: can upstream neutral modes exchange energy and thermalize with integer¬-charged edge modes located up to several hundreds of nanometers away from them? This question is far from trivial, as it can profoundly change our understanding of the quantum Hall effect in terms of independent transport channels, and affect the realization of future experiments seeking to explore and exploit the remarkable properties of fractional quantum Hall states. We present heat transport measurements in quantum Hall states of graphene demonstrating that the integer channels can strongly equilibrate with the fractional ones, leading to markedly different regimes of quantized heat transport that depend on edge electrostatics. Our results allow for a better comprehension of the complex edge physics in the fractional quantum Hall regime. G. Le Breton, R. Delagrange, Y. Hong, M. Garg, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, R. Ribeiro-Palau, P. Roulleau, P. Roche, and F. D. Parmentier, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 116803 (2022). Liens : |
Jan Behrends | Détails Fermer |
Coherent error threshold for surface codes from Majorana delocalization le vendredi 12 mai 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Statistical mechanics mappings provide key insights on quantum error correction. However, existing mappings assume incoherent noise, thus ignoring coherent errors due to, e.g., spurious gate rotations. We map the surface code with coherent errors, taken as X- or Z-rotations (replacing bit or phase flips), to a two-dimensional (2D) Ising model with complex couplings, and further to a 2D Majorana scattering network. Our mappings reveal both commonalities and qualitative differences in correcting coherent and incoherent errors. For both, the error-correcting phase maps, as we explicitly show by linking 2D networks to 1D fermions, to a Z2-nontrivial 2D insulator. However, beyond a critical rotation angle, instead of a Z2-trivial insulator as for incoherent errors, coherent errors map to a Majorana metal. This critical angle is the theoretically achievable storage threshold. We numerically find the angle 0.14Ï€. The corresponding bit-flip rate exceeds the known incoherent threshold. Liens : |
Romuald le Fournis (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
QED correction to the Abraham and Aharonov-Casher forces on Rydberg atoms le mercredi 10 mai 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Since many decades electromagnetic forces on globally neutral matter are controversial [1]. This controversy is imputed to the non unicity of the decomposition of stress-energy tensor into matter part and field part. More recently, experiment have been built to solve this controversy [2,3]. Thanks to these experiments, the controversy has been partially solved but there are still gray areas. On the theoretical side, different works have shown that electromagnetic forces could also get radiative corrections [4,5]. Rikken and V. Tiggelen measured the controversial Abraham force but couldnÂ’t exclude or support the existence of QED corrections to it [3]. In our work we show that Rydberg atoms are good candidates to observe QED corrections to the Abraham force. In a second time, we demonstrate the existence of an electromagnetic force on a Rydberg atom which have no classical equivalent to our knowledge and which is in reach of experiments. References
Liens :LPMMC |
Yannick Seis (ENS Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
Ground state cooling of an ultracoherent electromechanical system le mardi 09 mai 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Cavity electromechanics relies on parametric coupling between microwave and mechanical modes to manipulate the mechanical quantum state, and provide a coherent interface between different parts of hybrid quantum systems. High coherence of the mechanical mode is of key importance in such applications, in order to protect the quantum states it hosts from thermal decoherence. After an extended introduction to the field of optomechanics, we present the characterisation at millikelvin temperatures of a microwave electro-mechanical system featuring an ultra-coherent phononic-crystal membrane. The mechanical dissipation rate is measured down to 30 mK reaching a Q-factor of 1.5 billion, at 1.485 MHz mode frequency. Then we perform resolved sideband cooling on the mechanical mode, cooling it to its motional ground state nmin = 0.76 ± 0.16. We thus show the operation of an electromechanical system in the quantum regime, where its coherence time is estimated to be ~100 ms. We also show microwave-induced mechanical broadening up to 630 Hz, reaching manipulation speeds on the order of state-of-the-art superconducting qubits coherence times making our device a candidate for microwave quantum memories. Liens : |
Atac Imamoglu (ETH - Zurich ) | Détails Fermer |
Optical investigation of strong electronic correlations: magnetism in semiconductor moire materials le vendredi 05 mai 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Moire superlattices in two dimensional semiconductors have enabled the observation of a wealth of phenomena driven by strong electronic correlations, ranging from Mott-Wigner states to quantum anomalous Hall effect. In this talk, I will describe magnetic properties of van der Waals heterostructures forming a frustrated triangular lattice in the vicinity of Mott-insulator states of electrons. By directly measuring electronic magnetization through the strength of the polarization-selective attractive polaron resonances, we find that when the Mott state is electron doped, the system exhibits ferromagnetic correlations in agreement with Nagaoka model. Our observations, which are in agreement with DMRG calculations, provide a direct evidence for itinerant magnetism with a kinetic origin. Liens :Atac Imamoglu |
Kirill Dobuvitskii (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Theory of quasiparticle-induced errors in Schrödinger cat qubits le mercredi 03 mai 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Understanding mechanisms of qubit decoherence is a crucial prerequisite for improving the qubit performance. The conventional theory of superconducting qubit decoherence by residual Bogoliubov quasiparticles [1,2] was constructed for qubits in equilibrium. However, the novel cat qubits of dissipative and Kerr types [3,4] are operated under non-equilibrium conditions. Namely, an external microwave drive is needed to stabilize the so-called "cat states", given by superpositions of coherent degenerate eigenstates of the effective stationary Lindbladian in the rotating frame. We quantify the effect of the quasiparticles on such driven-dissipative qubits by introducing additional dissipators which act on the density matrix of the cat qubit. We also account for the effect of the external drive on the quasiparticles along the lines of Ref. [5]. References
Liens :LPMMC |
Alexandru Petrescu (Mines Paris) | Détails Fermer |
Signatures of classical chaos in driven transmons le mardi 02 mai 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Transmons are ubiquitously used in superconducting quantum information processing architectures. Strong drives are required to realize fast high-fidelity gates and measurements, including parametrically activated processes. We show that even off-resonant drives, in regimes routinely used in experiments, can cause strong modifications to the structure of the transmon spectrum rendering a large part of it chaotic. Chaotic states, often neglected through the hypothesis that the anharmonicity is weak, strongly impact the lifetime of the computational states. Chaos-assisted quantum phase slips greatly enhance band dispersions. In the presence of a readout resonator, the onset of chaos correlates with high transmon-resonator entanglement, and an average resonator response centered on the bare resonator frequency. We define a photon number threshold to characterize the appearance of chaos-induced quantum demolition effects during strong-drive operations, such as dispersive qubit readout. More generally, chaos-induced phenomena such as the ones studied here are expected to be present in all circuits based on low-impedance Josephson junctions. Ref.: Joachim Cohen, Alexandru Petrescu, Ross Shillito, and Alexandre Blais, arXiv:2207.09361 ; Ross Shillito, Alexandru Petrescu, Joachim Cohen et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 18, 034031 (2022) Liens : |
Andrea Tononi Annulé | Détails Fermer |
Self-bound fermionic mixtures in low dimensions le vendredi 28 avril 2023 à 11:00 |
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Annulé
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Félix Helluin (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Blueshift corrections of a 1D exciton-polariton condensate le mercredi 26 avril 2023 à 11:30 |
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Résumé : Exciton-polariton are bosonic quasi-particles that arise from the strong coupling between light and matter. They are typically formed in a quantum well embedded in an optical microcavity, from the interaction between quantum well excitons and cavity photons. Under non-resonant pumping, it is shown that exciton-polariton can form a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) [1]. This out of equilibrium BEC is sustained in a stationary state by the competition between continuous laser driving and losses coming from the leakage of cavity photons. Recent studies focused on the coherence properties of such driven-dissipative condensates and established connections with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class [2]. In particular, it is now known that the variance of the phase of one-dimensional polariton condensates follows the KPZ scaling in space and in time [3]. Chemical potential corrections are extensively studied for equilibrium BECs [4]. However, a description of these corrections is still lacking in driven-dissipative condensates. In the defect-free KPZ phase [5] of a 1D polariton BEC, we investigate the blueshift stochastic fluctuations, analogue of beyond mean field chemical potential corrections. References
Liens :LPMMC |
Alexis Coissard (Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Imaging tunable quantum Hall broken-symmetry orders in graphene le mardi 25 avril 2023 à 14:00 |
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Alexander Zyuzin (Aalto University) | Détails Fermer |
Superconductivity in flat-band semimetals le vendredi 21 avril 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Flat-band materials may have relatively high superconducting transition temperature. Several systemswere proposed to host nearly flat bands such as, for example, multilayer graphene with rhombohedral stacking, twisted bilayer graphene, and semimetals with high pseudospin quasiparticles. However, the effect of the flat band on superconductivity can be twofold. Despite favoring Cooper pair formation, its nearly dispersionless nature can be a serious impediment to pair condensation. The Cooper pairs formation and their condensation may occur at different temperatures. Liens : |
Loïc Herviou | Détails Fermer |
Possible restoration of particle-hole symmetry in the 5/2 Quantized Hall State at small magnetic field le mercredi 05 avril 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The nature of the experimentally-measured fractional conductance plateau at filling 5/2 in Quantum Hall states remains an open question, with several candidate states presenting slightly different topological order. After a decade of debate, the theoretical consensus settled on the non-Abelian Antipfaffian state, Nonetheless, recent experimental results measured a quantized thermal conductance of 5/2, incompatible with the theoretical proposal. Our work revisits the theoretical approaches by pushing the expansion of the effective Hamiltonian of the 5/2 quantized Hall state to third-order in the Landau level mixing, the parameter controlling the interaction between different Landau levels. I will present the challenges behind this expansion, and our main results: the third-order expansion shows an inversion of the gaps at mixings well below the experimental regime, indicating that either the gaps are much smaller than previously expected, or that a quantum phase transition occurs. Our work also emphasizes the role of frozen spin degrees of freedom. Finally, I will discuss what is needed to give a definite answer to this long standing problem, if it is at all possible. Liens : |
Zaki Legthas (LPENS (Paris)) | Détails Fermer |
Magnifying Quantum Phase Fluctuations with Cooper-Pair Pairing le mardi 04 avril 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Remarkably, complex assemblies of superconducting wires, electrodes, and Josephson junctions are compactly described by a handful of collective phase degrees of freedom that behave like quantum particles in a potential. Almost all these circuits operate in the regime where quantum phase fluctuations are small—the associated flux is smaller than the superconducting flux quantum—although entering the regime of large fluctuations would have profound implications for metrology and qubit protection. The difficulty arises from the apparent need for circuit impedances vastly exceeding the resistance quantum. Independently, exotic circuit elements that require Cooper pairs to form pairs in order to tunnel have been developed to encode and topologically protect quantum information. In this work, we demonstrate that pairing Cooper pairs magnifies the phase fluctuations of the circuit ground state. In a first experiment, we measure a tenfold suppression of flux sensitivity of the first transition energy only, implying a twofold increase in the vacuum phase fluctuations and showing that the ground state is delocalized over several Josephson wells. In a second experiment, we demonstrate that Cooper-pair pairing mediates high order photon-photon interactions, resulting in some peculiar spectral properties. Ref.: W. C. Smith et al., Phys. Rev. X 12, 021002 Liens : |
Andrea Tononi Annulé | Détails Fermer |
Self-bound fermionic mixtures in low dimensions le vendredi 31 mars 2023 à 11:00 |
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Annulé
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Francesco Binanti (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Edge state spectroscopy of Fractional Chern Insulators le mercredi 29 mars 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : ractional Chern Insulators (FCIs, which are lattice analogs of fractional quantum Hall states) have been the subject of intensive research in the last decades, not only for the interest we have in understanding the nature of topological phases of matter, but also thanks to the possible applications in quantum computing. Cold atoms in optical lattices can host these topologically ordered phases, and hallmark signatures have already been detected experimentally in two-boson systems [arXiv:2210.10919 (2022)]. We address the following question: how can we probe the edge spectrum of FCIs experimentally? We propose to subjet the atomic FCI ground state to a Laguerre- Gauss laser, creating edge excitations through a transfer of angular momentum and energy, following a similar proposal in integer Chern insulators [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 255303 (2012)], and to subsequently measure the excitation fraction through local density measurements. We numerically test this protocol in a model of strongly-interacting bosons in the Hofstadter lattice. We use the variation of density profile to extract the transition frequencies and consequently rebuild the excitation spectrum. We find a chiral edge branch, indicative of topological order in systems with as few as 2 bosons. Finally, we use our tool to show the progressive opening of an edge gap in the limit of very dense systems. Liens :LPMMC |
Quentin Ficheux (Néel) | Détails Fermer |
High-fidelity operation of fluxonium qubits le mardi 28 mars 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : A promising path to reduce gate errors in superconducting quantum processors consists in developing highly anharmonic circuits with some degree of protection from prevailing decoherence sources. At present, properly designed single highly anharmonic fluxonium qubits can have over 1 ms coherence time -- about tenfold or more compared to regular transmons superconducting qubits. In this talk, I will compare the different approach to superconducting quantum computation and I will describe recent implementations of high-fidelity single and two-qubit gates in fluxonium circuits. This includes a fast microwave-activated controlled-Z gate completed in less than 9 qubit Larmor cycles (about 60 ns) with a fidelity of 99.2%, which is on-par with the best microwave-activated gates reported on several other platforms. Finally, I will discuss the prospects of extending the system size to large scale quantum processors and simulators. Liens : |
Vittorio Vitale (LPMMC Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Unsupervised learning via the Intrinsic Dimension le vendredi 24 mars 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The identification of universal properties from minimally processed datasets is one goal of machine learning techniques. Both in supervised or unsupervised settings, “making sense†of hitherto unseen raw data is defined at the outset, byencoding the task (regression, classification, etc.) in an objective function. This turns learning and inference into an optimisation problem. Here, starting from data-sets sampled from classical partition functions and one-dimensional quantum models, we build networks (graphs) by drawing links between the points according to a cutoff distance that is determined by the data structure and the choice of metric. Remarkably, this enables a transfer of methods and concepts from disconnected fields that allow us to tackle in an agnostic way the study of phase transition in several models. We observe how the minimum number of variables needed to accurately describe the important features of a data-set, the intrinsic dimension Id, behaves in the vicinity of phase transitions. We show how the finite-size analysis of the Id allows us to identify critical points with an accuracy comparable to methods that rely on apriori identification of order parameters. We review previous works [Physical ReviewX 11 (1), 011040] and elaborate on the topic with new results in case of ground states of one-dimensional quantum systems. Liens : |
Aniket Rath (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Estimation of the quantum Fisher information using randomized measurements le mercredi 22 mars 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The quantum Fisher information (QFI) is a fundamental quantity of interest in many areas from quantum metrology to quantum information theory. It can in particular be used as a witness to establish the degree of multi-particle entanglement in quantum many-body-systems. As the QFI is a macroscopic property of the quantum state, it has been a challenge till date to measure it in state-of-art quantum platforms. To address this problem, I will firstly discuss the randomized measurement (RM) toolbox which has emerged as a good candidate to estimate properties associated to the density matrix [Nature Reviews Physics volume 5, (2023)]. This framework motivated us to formulate the QFI in terms of a converging series of lower bounds that can then be estimated using the RM toolbox [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 260501, (2021)]. Lastly I will show some preliminary experimental estimations of the QFI on a superconducting device that implement recent error mitigation and post-processing methods. Liens :LPMMC |
Dominik Zumbuhl (University of Basel) | Détails Fermer |
Building small, fast and hot hole spin qubits le mardi 21 mars 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum computing holds the potential to solve key tasks exponentially faster than classical algorithms. Semiconductor spins are among the leading candidates for a highly scalable qubit platform. Hole spins offer many advantages such as all-electrical spin manipulation without micromagnets or antennas, as well as decoupling from the nuclear spins, and offer novel physics such as direct Rashba spin-orbit coupling, exchange anisotropy and longitudinal coupling which could be developed into valuable assets for quantum computing. In this seminar, I will present recent progress on two different hole spin qubit platforms: Ge/Si core/shell nanowires and Si fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs). The Ge/Si nanowires offer exceptionally strong yet electrically tunable spin-orbit interaction, the direct-Rashba SOI, allowing unprecedented control of key qubit parameters. We have recently identified sweet spots with strongly enhanced coherence, can operate the qubits at temperatures up to 2 K, are implementing an exchange based CROT 2Q gate and present dispersive qubit readout using STO varactors. Si FinFETs have championed classical transistor scaling for a decade, integrating billions of FinFETs on a chip. We have demonstrated 1Q gate fidelities at the fault-tolerance threshold at 1 K and can operate up to 5 K, potentially allowing in-situ integration of the control electronics. We have implemented a CROT gate with spin-orbit induced anisotropic exchange interaction, opening the door to high fidelity and fast 2Q gates. Recently, we have also observed phase driving of such qubits at radio frequencies. Liens :Dominik Zumbuhl |
Igor Poboiko (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) | Détails Fermer |
Monitored Free Fermions and Measurements Transition le vendredi 17 mars 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We study the one-dimensionless free Fermionic model subject to random strong projective measurements of site occupation numbers, and derive an effective R-replica Keldysh non-linear sigma-model (NLSM) to study fluctuations of the entanglement entropy and fluctuations of number of particles in such a model, with the unusual replica limit R -> 1. Treatment of the NLSM within Gaussian approximation suggests logarithmic behavior of the fluctuations in the limit of rare measurements or weak monitoring, with the fluctuations growing as measurement frequency increases. The results for the transition and frequent measurements are yet to be obtained. Liens : |
Anton Khvalyuk (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Analytical description of the superfluid stiffness in strongly disordered superconductors le mercredi 15 mars 2023 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Blagoje Oblak | Détails Fermer |
Edge Deformations of Quantum Hall Droplets le mercredi 08 mars 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The study of two-dimensional droplets of electrons in a strong magnetic field lies at the heart of the quantum Hall effect. In this talk, I present recent results on geometric deformations of such droplets, resulting from variations of the underlying spatial metric and/or confining potential. Time-dependent variations give rise to Berry phases that can remarkably be written in closed form despite the fact that the underlying parameter space is infinite-dimensional. In particular, I argue that a large class of deformations that generalize squeezing and shearing probe the edge modes of the system, including their topological central charge. (Based on 2212.12935 and 2301.01726 , ongoing work)The study of two-dimensional droplets of electrons in a strong magnetic field lies at the heart of the quantum Hall effect. In this talk, I present recent results on geometric deformations of such droplets, resulting from variations of the underlying spatial metric and/or confining potential. Time-dependent variations give rise to Berry phases that can remarkably be written in closed form despite the fact that the underlying parameter space is infinite-dimensional. In particular, I argue that a large class of deformations that generalize squeezing and shearing probe the edge modes of the system, including their topological central charge. (Based on arXiv:2212.12935 and arXiv:2301.01726 et ongoing work) Liens : |
Stefano Mossa (Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG) - CEA Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Statistical mechanics and simulation of nanostructure/function interplay in novel energy materials le vendredi 03 mars 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Research and development in novel energy technologies must deal with the optimization of extremely complex, often disordered, materials. On one hand, optimization calls for the development of new chemistries and materials engineering concepts; on the other hand, complexity obliges us to deeply understand fundamental physical processes, some related to a hierarchical multiscale system organization, down to nanometric sizes. At these scales, the granularity of matter cannot be put aside and the presence of interfaces, confining environments, fluctuations, crucially modify well established behaviors in the bulk. Here computer simulation and statistical mechanics approaches really help. In the talk I will overview our work in this direction, discussing a few scientific cases ranging from nanoconfined fluids [1], through polymer electrolytes [2], to superlattices and glasses [3]. Based on Molecular Dynamics simulations and artificial neural network algorithms, and also referring to data coming from advanced scattering experiments with Neutrons and X-Rays, I will describe our work to improve the understanding of disordered materials organization at the nanoscale, clarify how spatial constraint modify phase properties, and suggest how to control and optimize materials functions by tailoring the confining environments. [1] “Re-entrant phase transitions and dynamics of a nanoconfined ionic liquidâ€, [10.1103/PhysRevX.8.031062] [2] “From Ionic Surfactants to Nafion through Convolutional Neural Networksâ€, with L. Dumortier, [10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06172] [3] “Beating the amorphous limit in thermal conductivity by superlattices designâ€, with H. Mizuno and J.-L. Barrat, [10.1038/srep14116] Liens :Stefano Mossa |
Francesco Vercesi (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Phase diagram of 1d exciton-polariton condensate le mercredi 1er mars 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Exciton-polariton condensates represent a promising playground to investigate the physics of driven-dissipative quantum fluids. In 1d systems, the coherence of such fluids has been shown to exhibit critical behaviour, related to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. Further intriguing features (phase defects, proliferation of dark solitons) have been suggested to populate the spectrum of possible regimes of exciton-polaritons. We aim to determine the phase diagram obtained via the stochastic Gross-Pitaevski equation which models the condensate at mean-field level, guided by realistic experimental tunability in the choice of the leading parameters: intensity of pumping and noise strength. Liens :LPMMC |
Gian Marcello Andolina (Collège de France) | Détails Fermer |
Can deep sub-wavelength cavities induce Amperean superconductivity in a 2D material? le vendredi 24 février 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Amperean superconductivity is an exotic phenomenon stemming from attractive effective electron-electron interactions (EEEIs) mediated by a transverse gauge field. Originally introduced in the context of quantum spin liquids and high-Tc superconductors, Amperean superconductivity has been recently proposed to occur at temperatures on the order of 1-20 K in two-dimensional, parabolic-band, electron gases embedded inside deep sub-wavelength optical cavities. I will first generalize the microscopic theory of cavity-induced Amperean superconductivity to the case of graphene and then argue that this superconducting state cannot be achieved in the deep sub-wavelength regime. In the latter regime, indeed, a cavity induces only EEEIs between density fluctuations rather than the current-current interactions which are responsible for Amperean pairing. Liens : |
Tereza Vakhtel | Détails Fermer |
Bloch oscillations in the magnetoconductance of twisted bilayer graphene le mercredi 22 février 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We identify a mapping between two-dimensional (2D) electron transport in a minimally twisted graphene bilayer and a 1D quantum walk, where one spatial dimension plays the role of time. In this mapping a magnetic field B perpendicular to the bilayer maps onto an electric field. Bloch oscillations due to the periodic motion in a 1D Bloch band can then be observed in purely DC transport as magnetoconductance oscillations with periodicity set by the Bloch frequency. Ref : Phys. Rev. B 105, L241408 (2022) Liens : |
Tomasz Smolenski (ETH Zurich) | Détails Fermer |
Sensing strongly correlated electrons in 2D materials le mardi 21 février 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : When the strength of Coulomb interaction between itinerant electrons in a two-dimensional system becomes significantly larger than the kinetic energy, the electrons start to develop strong correlations. A paradigm phase that is expected to emerge in this regime is an electronic Wigner crystal, in which the electrons spontaneously form a periodic lattice mimicking that of atoms in the real crystals. However, in order for this electronic crystallization to occur, the actual ratio of the above energy scales must exceed 30, which turns out to be notoriously difficult to fulfill in conventional semiconductors (e.g., GaAs). Recently, atomically-thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as a highly-tunable experimental platform that unlocks the access to uncharted territories of strongly correlated electron physics. This is due to reduced dielectric screening and large carrier effective masses, which endow TMD monolayers with excellent optical properties and give rise to strong inter-electron interactions enabling to reach Coulomb-to-kinetic energy ratios being more than an order of magnitude larger than that for the GaAs at comparable electron densities. In this talk, I will review our recent optical investigations of landmark correlated phases in charge-controlled TMD-based van der Waals heterostructures. In particular, I will present our novel spectroscopic technique enabling us to detect the Wigner crystal in a TMD monolayer through the periodic potential it generates for the excitons (1). In the presence of this potential, the excitons Bragg scatter off the Wigner crystal, which gives rise to the emergence of a Bragg-umklapp resonance in the reflectance spectrum that heralds the presence of an electronic lattice. Our observation of this resonance provides the first unequivocal evidence for the formation of the Wigner crystal that has been thus far probed only by indirect methods in two-dimensional systems. In the second part of the talk, I will also show how the Rydberg excitons in a TMD monolayer can be exploited to optically probe the formation of correlated electronic phases in an adjacent graphene layer (2), which is otherwise optically inaccessible owing to the lack of a robust energy gap. I will demonstrate that this approach allows for sensing fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene with a similar sensitivity to that of state-of-the-art transport tools. References: (1) T. Smolenski, P. E. Dolgirev, C. Kuhlenkamp, A. Popert, Y. Shimazaki, P. Back, X. Lu, M. Kroner, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, I. Esterlis, E. Demler, and A. Imamoglu, Nature 595, 53-57 (2021). (2) A. Popert, Y. Shimazaki, M. Kroner, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, A. Imamoglu, and T. Smolenski, Nano Letters 22, 7636 (2022) Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC et Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Simulations in quantum transport and assimilation of geomagnetic data le jeudi 02 février 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Numerical simulations in the field of quantum nanoelectronics are often restricted to devices of finite size that are connected to the macroscopic world with quasi-one-dimensional electrodes. I will present a new numerical method, based on the Green’s function formalism, that lifts some of these restrictions and allows simulations of systems that are infinite in 1, 2 or 3 dimensions and mostly invariant by translation. I will illustrate these method by computing transport properties in a disorder Weyl semimetal. In a rather unrelated subject, I will talk about my work at Isterre, modelling the Earth's magnetic field and liquid iron core using geomagnetic data, i.e. satellite observations of the magnetic field. Data is cleaned from internal and external contributions, and then assimilated using an ensemble Kalman filter. Predictions of the flow are compared to changes in the length of day and show good agreement down to interannual frequencies. Liens : |
Artem Mishchenko (Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum transport in graphite films enabled by van der Waals technology le mardi 24 janvier 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The advent of Van der Waals technology has allowed the development of many materials that did not exist before and has led to the observation of many exciting new physical phenomena in these materials due to the unique electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of 2D atomic crystals. For instance, tuning twist angle allows altering electronic bands of 2D materials by a moiré pattern induced between 2D layers. Control of the stacking order, on the other hand, provides an alternative approach to program quantum properties, and without the need for a moiré superlattice. In this talk, I will discuss how interlayer stacking order can be used for deterministic control of the properties of van der Waals materials. In particular, controlling stacking order in multilayer graphite films allowed us to discover the quantum Hall effect in hexagonal graphite and to find strong electronic correlations in rhombohedral graphite films. Liens :Artem Mishchenko |
Colloquium Giuseppe Carleo (EPFL - Lausanne) | Détails Fermer |
Neural-Network Quantum States: new computational possibilities at the boundaries of the many-body problem le vendredi 20 janvier 2023 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Machine-learning-based approaches, routinely adopted in cutting-edge industrial applications, are being increasingly adopted to study fundamental problems in science. Many-body physics is very much at the forefront of these exciting developments, given its intrinsic "big-data" nature. In this seminar I will present selected applications to the quantum realm. First, I will discuss how a systematic, and controlled machine learning of the many-body wave-function can be realized. This goal is achieved by a variational representation of quantum states based on artificial neural networks [1]. I will then discuss recent applications in diverse domains, focusing on prototypical open problems in many-body quantum physics. I will especially focus on the problem of accurately describing interacting fermions, in Condensed Matter [2], Chemistry [3], and Nuclear Matter [4] — where these approaches have significantly improved over previous variational descriptions. ————[1] Carleo and Troyer, Science 355, 602 (2017) [3] Moreno et al., PNAS 119, e2122059119 (2022) [4] Hermann et al., Nat. Chemistry 12, 891 (2020) [5] Adams et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 022502 (2021) Liens :Colloquium Giuseppe Carleo |
Boris Brun (UGA - CEA) | Détails Fermer |
A single hole spin with enhanced coherence in natural silicon le mardi 17 janvier 2023 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Semiconductor spin qubits based on spin-orbit states stand as promising candidates in view of developing a quantum processor. Owing to their strong spin-orbit interaction, hole spins in silicon (1) and germanium (2) are responsive to electric field excitations, allowing for practical, fast and potentially scalable qubit control. As a drawback, spin electric susceptibility renders these qubits generally vulnerable to electrical noise, which limits their coherence time. Here we report on the operation and readout of a single hole spin in natural silicon, made from a semi-industrial 300 mm CMOS foundry. We demonstrate the existence of a preferential magnetic field orientation, at which the qubit is decoupled from charge noise while keeping an efficient electrical control. We first realize spin single-shot readout (3) of the first hole accumulated in a silicon quantum dot. Subsequently, we characterize the hole spin gyromagnetic tensor and its susceptibility to electric fields by coherent ma- nipulation techniques. We evidence a strong dependence on the external magnetic field orientation, and reveal optimal operation points at which the longitudinal spin-electric susceptibility is minimal. At these sweet spots, we measure a Hahn-Echo decay time in the order of 100 μs while maintaining Rabi frequencies in the MHz range. This work opens new perspectives for quantum processing based on spin-orbit qubits. References: (1) Piot, N., Brun, B., et al. A single hole spin with enhanced coherence in natural silicon. Nature Nanotechnology (2022). (2) Hendrickx, N. W. et al. A four-qubit germanium quantum processor. Nature 591, 580–585 (2021). (3) Elzerman, J. M. et al. Single-shot read-out of an individual electron spin in a quantum dot. Nature 430, 431–435 (2004). Liens : |
Lorenzo Piroli (ENS Paris) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Cellular Automata, Tensor Networks, and Area Laws le vendredi 16 décembre 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The concept of causality, stating that physical actions cannot propagate in space at an arbitrary speed, can be captured for qudit systems by the notion of Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA), defined as unitary maps preserving locality of observables. In this talk, I will show that QCA can be identified, in any dimension and geometry, with special tensor network operators, yielding a general connection between causality and bounds on entanglement production in the form of area laws. I will stress the importance of unitarity, by discussing generalizations of our results for different classes of non-unitary quantum channels. Finally, I will mention how the set of QCA can be extended to a larger class of deterministic maps via LOCC (local operations and classical communication) and illustrate implications on state-preparation protocols and classification of phases of matter. Liens : |
Louis Garbe (TU Wien) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mercredi 14 décembre 2022 à 11:00 |
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Liens :TU Wien |
Jesper Nygard (Niels Bohr Institute, Univ. of Copenhagen / LANEF) | Détails Fermer |
Superconductor-semiconductor quantum dot systems in nanowires – from in situ fabrication to entanglement le mardi 13 décembre 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Recent years superconductor-semiconductor hybrid materials have been established as an essential platform for quantum devices, notably used in the search for novel bound states that may serve as qubits (1). In this talk we firstly focus on the excitations and correlations arising in short chains of coupled quantum dots and superconducting islands (2). We then take a look beneath the surface of these nanowire devices, addressing advances in materials science where in situ MBE fabrication and various superconductors have been implemented in order to expand the available parameter space for hybrid devices (3,4,5). Ref.: (1) E. Prada et al., From Andreev to Majorana bound states in hybrid superconductor-semiconductor nanowires, Nature Reviews Physics 2, 575 (2020). (2) J.C. Estrada Saldana et al., Excitations in a superconducting Coulombic energy gap, Nature Comm. 13, 2243 (2022); Two Bogoliubov quasiparticles entangled by a spin, arxiv:2203.00104 (3) T. Kanne et al., Epitaxial Pb on InAs nanowires for quantum devices, Nature Nanotechnology 16, 767 (2021); T. Kanne et al., Double nanowires for hybrid quantum devices, Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2107926 (2021). (4) D. Carrad et al., Shadow Epitaxy for In Situ Growth of Generic Semiconductor/Superconductor Hybrids, Advanced Materials 32, 1908411 (2020). (5) J. Sestoft et al., Scalable Platform for Nanocrystal-Based Quantum Electronics, Advanced Functional Materials 32, 2112941 (2022) Liens :Jesper Nygard |
Benjamin Wieder (IPhT, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay & MIT, Condensed Matter Theory) | Détails Fermer |
Unraveling the Bulk and Surface Theories of Higher-Order Topological Crystalline Insulators: Axion Electrodynamics and Beyond le vendredi 09 décembre 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Topological insulating (TI) phases were originally highlighted for their disorder-robust bulk responses, such as the quantized Hall conductivity of 2D Chern insulators. With the discovery of time-reversal- (T-) invariant 2D TIs, and the recognition that their spin Hall conductivity is generically non-quantized, focus has since shifted to boundary states as signatures of 2D and 3D TIs and symmetry-enforced topological crystalline insulators (TCIs). However, in T-invariant (helical) 3D TCIs such as bismuth, BiBr, and MoTe2 - termed higher-order TCIs (HOTIs) - the boundary signatures manifest as 1D hinge states, whose configurations are dependent on sample details. It is hence desirable to elucidate bulk and surface signatures of helical TCIs, and their relationship to sample-independent experimental observables. Using a range of theoretical and numerical probes, including a newly introduced principle of spin-resolved topology, we fully characterize the bulk topological properties of inversion- and T-protected helical HOTIs. We discover that helical HOTIs realize one of three spin-resolved phases with distinct responses that are quantitatively robust to large deformations of the bulk spin-orbital texture: 3D quantum spin Hall insulators, "spin-Weyl" semimetal states with gapless spin spectra, and T-doubled axion insulator (T-DAXI) states with nontrivial “partial†axion angles indicative of a 3D spin-magnetoelectric bulk response. We provide experimental signatures of each spin-stable regime of helical HOTIs, including surface Fermi arcs in spin-Weyl semimetals under strong Zeeman fields, and half-quantized 2D TI states on the gapped surfaces of T-DAXIs originating from a partial parity anomaly. References: [1] K.-S. Lin, Palumbo, Z. Guo, Blackburn, Shoemaker, Mahmood, Z.-J. Wang, Fiete, Wieder, Bradlyn, arXiv:2207.10099 (2022) [2] Schindler, Tsirkin, Neupert, Bernevig, Wieder, Nature Communications (2022) Liens : |
Rok Zitko ("Jožef Stefan" Institute) | Détails Fermer |
Subgap states: the Richardson-model perspective le jeudi 08 décembre 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Whereas a conventional bulk superconductor is perfectly well described by the mean-field Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity, in the limit of ultra-small grains of superconducting material a more appropriate description is in terms of the interacting Richardson's (picket-fence) model and its extensions. This charge-conserving Hamiltonian consists of a kinetic energy term and an interacting pairing term between all orbitals, usually with a constant coefficient, in which case the model is integrable and its complete solution can be reduced to numerically solving a system of coupled algebraic equations. In the presence of an impurity carrying a local magnetic moment, the integrability is broken by the exchange scattering that splits the Cooper pairs. We show that the corresponding Hamiltonian admits a compact representation in terms of small matrix product operators, which makes it possible to solve this class of problems accurately and rather efficiently using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) implemented using the tensor-network formalism. I will discuss the pros and cons of the Richardson-model description of systems of coupled superconducting island and quantum dots, the effects of the Coulomb repulsion (charging) term on the superconducting island on the phase diagrams and on the nature of the (subgap) states, the basic properties of the two-channel version of the problem, as well as other possible extensions of the model (level-dependent pairing, spin-orbit coupling, two impurities). Liens :Rok Zitko |
Antoine Browaeys (Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique, CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Studying the many-body problem with a few assembled atoms le mardi 06 décembre 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : For the last twenty years, physicists have been learning to manipulate individual quantum objects: atoms, ions, molecules, quantum circuits, electronic spins... It is now possible to build "atom by atom" a synthetic quantum matter. By controlling the interactions between atoms, one can study the properties of these elementary many-body systems: quantum magnetism, transport of excitations, superconductivity... and thus understand more deeply the N-body problem. More recently, it has been realized that these quantum machines could perhaps find applications in industrial fields, such as finding the solution of combinatorial optimization problems. Liens : |
Andrey Zelenskiy (Dalhousie University, Canada) | Détails Fermer |
AB-stacked Kagome Magnets: Order, Excitations, and Duality le vendredi 02 décembre 2022 à 11:00 |
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Raphaël Menu (Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken) | Détails Fermer |
Aubry transition in a chain of trapped ions le mercredi 30 novembre 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We theoretically analyse the ground state of the Frenkel-Kontorova model when the particles interact with repulsive power-law interactions. For periodic boundary conditions we show that the classical ground state can be mapped to the one of a long-range Ising model. We then show that the classical ground state has the properties of a complete devil staircase as a function of the discommensuration and determine the parameters for which it is stable. We analyse the low-energy spectrum and discuss the effect of quantum fluctuations, focussing on experimentally relevant regimes. This work sets the stage for a full quantum mechanical description of the Aubry transition. Liens : |
Federica Surace (Berkeley ) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories with ultracold atoms le vendredi 25 novembre 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Gauge theories are the cornerstone of our understanding of fundamental interactions among particles. Describing the evolution of these strongly coupled systems is a formidable challenge for classical computers, and represents one of the key open quests for quantum simulation approaches to particle physics phenomena. In this talk, I will first introduce a method to realize a quantum simulation of U(1) lattice gauge theories coupled to matter, utilizing alkaline-earth(-like) atoms in state-dependent optical lattices. I will then illustrate how this quantum simulator can be used to probe various phenomena, including particle collisions and confinement. Liens : |
Maarten Wegewijs (RWTH Aachen et FZ Jülich) | Détails Fermer |
How quantum evolution with memory is generated in a time-local way le mercredi 23 novembre 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Various transport and optical properties of quantum devices require an account of significant coupling to their electronic or photonic environments. This makes approximation strategies necessary that go beyond the successful but limited weak-coupling, memoryless master equations (Lindblad dynamical semigroups). However, even the perturbative calculation of corrections in the environment coupling are already quite involved for stationary properties and fraught with dangers for strong local interactions. Dynamical properties further complicate the matter by requiring an account of "memory effects". In the first part of my talk I will introduce and review some of these issues from the general perspective of open-system dynamics. I will highlight how insights from quantum information about density operators can clarify, guide and motivate the application of statistical field theoretical techniques to compute their real-time evolution. In the second part of my talk I will discuss the particular situation that the same open quantum system can be equivalently described by two exact, but fundamentally different equations of motion. This puzzling issue is resolved by a surprisingly simple "fixed-point" relation between the system's memory-kernel and its generalized, time-dependent Lindblad generator. This result allows a series of long-standing problems to be solved, suggests a new general picture of memory in quantum dynamics, and provides an intriguing new iterative approach to account for memory effects. ReferenceK. Nestmann, V. Bruch, M. Wegewijs, Phys. Rev. X 11, 021041 (2021)Liens : |
Peter Zoller (Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck - IQOQI, Austrian Academy of Sciences) | Détails Fermer |
`Programming' Quantum Simulators with Atoms and Ions le mardi 22 novembre 2022 à 14:30 |
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Résumé : Progress in developing analog quantum simulation platforms is reflected in increasing control of engineered many-body Hamiltonians, and the ability to perform single-site and single-shot readouts. This defines a new generation of programmable quantum simulators which combine a certain amount of programmability with scalability to large particle numbers. The focus of this talk is to report work from a theory-experiment collaboration with trapped ion platforms with up to fifty qubits/spins, with the goal to develop and demonstrate quantum protocols, addressing questions from the fundamental to the practical. Examples to be discussed include measurement protocols revealing the entanglement structure of the many-body wavefunction, and implementing `optimal' quantum metrology with variational quantum circuits, where quantum simulators act as `programmable quantum sensors'. The event will be followed by a coffee in the "Salle de convivialité" close by. Liens : |
Robert Whitney (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Illusory Cracks in the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Quantum Nanoelectronics le lundi 21 novembre 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : It is easy to invent quantum systems that look like they would violate the second law of thermodynamics. Yet careful analyses — such as those reviewed here for nanoelectronic systems — have shown no such violations. Thus, to-date, cracks in the laws of thermodynamics that have sometimes been glimpsed, have always turned out to be illusory. Here I review a small subset of the domain of quantum thermodynamics by reconsidering a very old thought-experiment, usually known as Smoluchowski's trapdoor. This thought experiment was first posed by Maxwell in the 1860s, in the context of his musing on ways to violate the laws of thermodynamics; musings that led to what became known as Maxwell's demon. Smoluchowski analysed much of the physics of this trapdoor, and made a huge step towards explaining why it would not violate the laws of thermodynamics. However, I will argue that his explanation was incomplete, and that it makes violations of the laws of thermodynamics unlikely but not impossible. Now is the time to revisit this issue, because now we can use quantum dots to build an experimental nanoelectronic system that acts like a trapdoor. I analysis such a nanoelectronic trapdoor using the methods of modern quantum thermodynamics, and thereby prove that (as expected) such a trapdoor always obeys the laws of thermodynamics. The analysis of the trapdoor system is similar to that of many other nanoelectronic devices in the literature. This makes it a nice pedagogical example to guide the reader through some of the ideas and methods within quantum thermodynamics, while working on a problem that follows directly in the footsteps of the greatest thermodynamicists of the 19th century. Liens :Robert WhitneyLPMMC |
Stefan Ilic (CSIC Donostia - San Sebastian) | Détails Fermer |
Magnetoelectric effects and non-reciprocal transport in superconducting structures le mardi 15 novembre 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Recently, much attention is being paid to the study of superconducting systems whose transport properties depend on the direction of the supercurrents. Non-reciprocal transport effects have been proposed and observed in various structures motivated by creating a perfect superconducting diode. Besides possible applications, the physics of non-reciprocal effects is very rich, in particular in systems in which superconductivity coexists with spin-dependent fields. In this talk, I will discuss the superconducting diode effect and its connection with other closely related phenomena. These include the anomalous current and phi-Josephson junctions, the helical phase of Rashba superconductors, and magnetoelectric effects induced by the spin-orbit coupling. Liens : |
Sylvain Ravets (C2N) | Détails Fermer |
Driven-dissipative physics in Polariton lattices le mardi 25 octobre 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : One very successful approach to photonic systems engineering is based on controlling ensembles of coupled nonlinear photonic resonators. Fascinating properties emerge at the confluence between nonlinear optics and condensed matter physics: light can undergo Bose-Einstein condensation, behave as a superfluid, or propagate along edge channels in topological lattices. One ingredient at the heart of the physics of the system is the driving field, which is used to maintain a non-equilibrium steady-state. Drive and dissipation constitute important knobs to control the physics of the system. In this talk, I will focus on two situations where the driven-dissipative nature of the system plays a key role in the physics of polariton lattices. I will start with a general introduction to polariton physics and polariton lattices [1]. I will then present two recent experiments realized at C2N in 1D lattices. In the first experiment, we investigated the non-linear optical properties of a 1D topological lattice under resonant excitation, and found pumping conditions where the nonlinear steady-state triggers the emergence of an edge state in the Bogoliubov excitation spectrum [2]. In the second experiment, we explored the physics of out-of-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates and evidenced universal scaling laws related to the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality class [3]. References: [1] C. Ciuti and I. Carusotto, Quantum fluids of light, Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 299 (2013). [2] N. Pernet et al., Gap solitons in a one-dimensional driven-dissipative topological lattice, Nature Physics 18, 678 (2022). [3] Q. Fontaine et al., Observation of KPZ universal scaling in a one-dimensional polariton condensate, arXiv:2112.09550 (2021). Liens : |
Willem Vos (Université de Twente) | Détails Fermer |
Shaping waves to penetrate deep inside a forbidden gap le vendredi 21 octobre 2022 à 11:00 |
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Pavel Ostrovsky (Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart) | Détails Fermer |
Electron transport in weakly disordered Weyl semimetals le mercredi 19 octobre 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Weyl semimetal is a solid material with isolated touching points between conduction and valence bands in its Brillouin zone---Weyl points. Low energy excitations near these points exhibit a linear dispersion and act as relativistic massless particles. Weyl points are stable topological objects robust with respect to most perturbations. We study effects of weak disorder on the spectral and transport properties of Weyl semimetals in the limit of low energies. We use a model of Gaussian white-noise potential and apply dimensional regularization scheme near three dimensions to treat divergent terms in the perturbation theory. In the framework of self-consistent Born approximation, we find closed expressions for the average density of states and conductivity. Both quantities are analytic functions in the limit of zero energy. We also include interference terms beyond the self-consistent Born approximation up to the third order in disorder strength. These interference corrections are stronger than the mean-field result and non-analytic as functions of energy. Our main result is the dependence of conductivity (in units $e^2/h$) on the electron concentration $sigma = sigma_0 - 0.891 n^{1/3} et 0.115 (n^{2/3}/sigma_0) ln|n|$. Liens : |
MISSING (Niels Bohr Institute, Univ. of Copenhagen / LANEF) | Détails Fermer |
Superconductor-semiconductor dots and nanowires; in situ fabrication schemes and new materials for hybrid quantum devices le mardi 18 octobre 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Recent years superconductor-semiconductor hybrid materials have been established as an essential platform for quantum devices, notably used in the search for Majorana zero modes and other bound states that may serve as qubits (1). In this talk we briefly discuss hybrid quantum dot physics and then look beneath the surface of the nanowire devices, addressing the advances in materials science and nanofabrication. We will describe how in-situ fabrication (2,3,5) and various superconductors (3,4) have been implemented in order to expand the available parameter space for hybrid quantum devices. The work is mainly based on Molecular Beam Epitaxy growth of III-V nanowires, high resolution electron microscopy and low temperature electron transport experiments. References: (1) E. Prada et al., From Andreev to Majorana bound states in hybrid superconductor-semiconductor nanowires, Nature Reviews Physics (2020) (2) T. Kanne et al., Double nanowires for hybrid quantum devices, Advanced Functional Materials (2021) (3) D. Carrad et al., Shadow Epitaxy for In Situ Growth of Generic Semiconductor/Superconductor Hybrids, Advanced Materials (2020) (4) T. Kanne et al., Epitaxial Pb on InAs nanowires for quantum devices, Nature Nanotechnology (2021) (5) J. Sestoft et al, Scalable Platform for Nanocrystal-Based Quantum Electronics, Advanced Functional Materials (2022) Liens : |
Ioan Pop (KIT) | Détails Fermer |
High Impedance Quantum Circuits le mardi 11 octobre 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : High impedance quantum circuits hold great potential for protected quantum bits and in general for coherent elements required for superconducting quantum processors. To reach the high impedance regime, we use granular Aluminum (grAl), a disordered superconductor which can be understood as a self-assembled Josephson junction array (1,2). One illustration of grAl's utility in quantum circuit design is the remarkable resilience of grAl fluxonium qubits (3,4) to photons populating its dispersively coupled readout resonator. This resilience allows single shot QND measurements (5) and quantum state preparation via active feedback with fidelity exceeding 90% even without using a parametric amplifier (6). An outstanding challenge is the mitigation of quasiparticle bursts (7) and long lived two level systems in the qubits' environment (8). References: (1) Maleeva et al. Nature Comm. 9, 3889 (2018) (2) Winkel et al. Phys. Rev. X 10, 031032 (2020) (3) Grunhaupt, Spiecker et al. Nature Materials 18, 816-819 (2019) (4) Rieger, Gunzler et al. arXiv:2202.01776 (5) Takmakov, Winkel, et al. Phys. Rev. App. 15, 064029 (2021) (6) Gusenkova, Spiecker, et al. Phys. Rev. App. 15, 064030 (2021) (7) Cardani, Valenti et al. Nat. Comm. 12, 2733 (2021) (8) Spiecker et al. arXiv:2204.00499 Liens : |
Artem Mishenko (Manchester University) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mardi 20 septembre 2022 à 14:00 |
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Liens :Artem Mishenko |
Audrey Bienfait (ENS Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
Superconducting circuits for phononic quantum erasure (and for detecting spins) le mardi 13 septembre 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Heavily used in classical signal processing, surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have also been proposed as a means to coherently couple distant solid-state quantum systems. Several groups have already reported the coherent coupling of standing SAWs modes to superconducting qubits (1) In this seminar, I will describe our progress in coupling superconducting qubits to propagating SAWs. We can controllably release and capture individual itinerant photons, demonstrating that quantum state transfer as well as remote entanglement generation between superconducting qubits using phonons can be realized. Going a step further, I will show how two-phonon entanglement can also be generated and used to realize a fundamental quantum optics experiment, quantum erasure (2), using phonons (3). In a second part, I will also briefly mention my current project on how superconducting circuits can also be used for detecting spins in samples coming from condensed matter or chemical or biological applications. References: (1) M. V. Gustafsson, et al, Science, 346, 207-211, 2014 (2) M. O. Scully and K. Druhl, Phys. Rev. A 25, 2208, 1982 (3) A. Bienfait et al., Phys. Rev X 10, 021055, 2020 Liens : |
Pavlo Sukhachov (Yale University) | Détails Fermer |
Anomalous sound attenuation and electromagnetic field penetration in Weyl and Dirac materials le vendredi 09 septembre 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : A salient feature of Weyl and Dirac materials is the possibility to realize the chiral anomaly due to their relativistic-like electronic spectra and nontrivial topology. In this seminar, I will present my recent results related to the manifestations of the chiral anomaly in sound attenuation and electromagnetic field penetration. Due to the interplay of intra- and inter-node scattering processes as well as screening, an external magnetic field generically reduces the sound absorption. A nontrivial dependence on the relative direction of the magnetic field and the sound wave vector, i.e., the magnetic sound dichroism, can occur in materials with nonsymmetric Weyl nodes. Also, I will demonstrate that the current response to an electromagnetic field in a Weyl or Dirac semimetal becomes nonlocal due to the chiral anomaly even under the conditions of the normal skin effect. Signatures of this nonlocality may be found in the transmission of electromagnetic waves. Liens : |
Quentin Glorieux (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel) | Détails Fermer |
Non-equilibrium physics in fluid of light: from BKT physics to turbulence le vendredi 09 septembre 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Hot atomic vapors are widely used in non-linear and quantum optics due to their large Kerr non-linearity. This non-linearity induces effective photon-photon interactions allowing light to behave as a fluid displaying quantum properties such as superfluidity. In this presentation, I will show that we have full control over the Hamiltonian that drives the system and that we can engineer an analogue simulator with light. In particular, I will discuss 2 experiments:
Liens :Laboratoire Kastler Brossel |
Frederico Borges de (université de Sao Carlos, Brésil) | Détails Fermer |
The internal energy of quantum systems and its additivity (room K223 and online zoom) le mardi 30 août 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In this seminar, we will address the difficulties encountered in defining the internal energy of a quantum system when studying energy exchanges in open quantum systems. This is an essential aspect of the so-called quantum thermodynamics, which claims the formulation of theoretical machinery that could be consistent for both the system of interest and its environment. Here, we will see that there is a formulation in which such consistency is naturally present and recovers the usual thermodynamic aspects of internal energy, e.g., its additivity. Liens : |
Yu-Jie Liu (Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology) | Détails Fermer |
Exploiting quantum machine learning in classical and quantum tasks le mercredi 24 août 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In the first part of the talk, we discuss the usage of near-term quantum computers in solving classical tasks. The noisy-intermediate scale quantum computers are composed of a small number of qubits, and can faithfully run only short circuits. This puts many proposed approaches for quantum machine learning beyond currently available devices. We address the problem of compressing classical data into efficient representations on quantum devices. Our proposed methods allow both the required number of qubits and depth of the quantum circuit to be tuned. We achieve this by using a correspondence between matrix-product states and quantum circuits, and further propose a hardware-efficient quantum circuit approach, which we benchmark on the Fashion-MNIST dataset. Finally, we demonstrate that a quantum circuit-based classifier can achieve competitive accuracy with current tensor learning methods using only 11 qubits. In the second part of the talk, we focus on the task of classifying the quantum phases of matter using a quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN). We describe a model-independent protocol to train the QCNN. We show that similar to the definition of quantum phases, the fixed-point wavefunctions together with the unitary representation of the symmetry group of the system provide sufficient information for the QCNN to learn the structure of the phases. We test the trained QCNN on several interacting and non-interacting spin chains exhibiting trivial, symmetry-breaking, and symmetry-protected topological order. We show that the location and topology of the phase boundary are accurately predicted. Our method provides a hardware-efficient and scalable way to perform quantum phase classification on a quantum processor. Furthermore, it opens up new ways to study the quantum phases and their symmetry by exploiting classical or quantum machine learning. Liens : |
Mucio Continentino (CBPF-Rio) | Détails Fermer |
Thermoelectric properties of topological chains coupled to a quantum dot le vendredi 22 juillet 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Topological one-dimensional superconductors can sustain in their extremities zero energy modes that are protected by different kinds of symmetries. The observation of these excitations in the form of Majorana fermions is one of the most intensive quests in condensed matter physics. Their study is not only interesting in itself, but also because they have promising applications in the area of quantum computation. In this work we are interested in another class of one dimensional topo- logical systems, namely topological insulators. These also present symmetry protected end modes with robust properties and do not require the low temperatures necessary for topological super- conductivity. We consider the simplest kind of topological insulators, namely chains of atoms with hybridized sp orbitals. We study the transport properties of these chains in the trivial, non-trivial topological phases and at the quantum topological transition. We use a simple device consisting of two semi-infinite hybridized sp-chains connected to a quantum dot and obtain the thermoelectric properties of this system as a function of temperature and distance to the topological transition. We show that the electrical conductance and the Wiedemann-Franz ratio of the device at the topological transition have universal values at very low temperatures. The conductance and thermopower give direct evidence of fractional charges in these systems. Liens : |
Valentin Lallemant (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mercredi 13 juillet 2022 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Thomas Botzung (Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University) | Détails Fermer |
Engineered dissipation induced entanglement transition in quantum spin chains: from logarithmic growth to area law le mercredi 06 juillet 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Recent theoretical work has shown that the competition between coherent unitary dynamics and stochastic measurements, performed by the environment, along wavefunction trajectories can give rise to novel measurement-induced phase transitions (MITs). The latter are characterized by a change in the scaling law for the entanglement entropy along quantum trajectories. First instances of such transitions have been discovered in quantum circuits of random unitaries interspersed with measurements, and subsequently also in the dynamics of other open and monitored quantum systems. Often, the competition arises between a coherent unitary evolution via a Hamiltonian or quantum gates and destructive dissipative dynamics, such as projective measurements. There, the unitary evolution drives the system towards highly entangled states while the local projective measurements partially collapse the system wavefunction and thereby reduce the entanglement. In our work, we consider a new and complementary scenario, in which it is engineered dissipative dynamics that drives the system to an entangled state, while competing Hamiltonian dynamics tends to reduce the entanglement. In this framework, we establish the existence of a MIT, and characterize its properties. As a key finding, we show that the scaling of the entanglement entropy indicates a log-to-area law transition. Liens :Thomas BotzungInstitute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University |
Gerhard Kirchmair (Innsbruck University) | Détails Fermer |
Nonlinear Magneto-Mechanics le mardi 05 juillet 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The possibility to operate massive mechanical oscillators in the quantum regime has become central in fundamental sciences. Optomechanics, where photons are coupled to mechanical motion, provides the tools to control mechanical motion near the fundamental quantum limits. Our setup (1) consists of a magnetic field sensitive cavity coupled to a magnetic cantilever, a beam equipped with a magnet on its tip, leading to a position dependent magnetic field. A SQUID embedded in our superconducting cavity provides the sensitivity to magnetic fields. In this magneto-mechanical system, we achieve single photon coupling strength, which are among the highest in the field and more than a factor of ten larger compared to other electro-mechanical systems. Despite working at cryogenic temperatures, macroscopic mechanical objects (i.e. the cantilever) are in highly excited thermal states and need to be cooled close to the ground state in order to investigate quantum phenomena. We demonstrate a novel cooling scheme (2) by using the intrinsic nonlinearity of the cavity induced by the SQUID. We show, that the non-linearity has to be included in describing the back action and demonstrate a one order of magnitude improvement in the cooling compared to a linear system with comparable parameters. With our system it seems to be possible to overcome the back-action limit, which limits the cooling performance in linear cavities. References: (1) D. Zöpfl et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 023601 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.023601 (2) D. Zoepfl et al., arxiv:2202.13228 (2022) Liens : |
Alexey Yamilov (Missouri University of Science & Technology) | Détails Fermer |
Coherent control of wave propagation inside scattering media le vendredi 1er juillet 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Concept of diffusion is widely used to describe propagation of light through multiple scattering media such as clouds, interstellar gas, colloids, paint, biological tissue, etc. Such media are often called random. This terminology is, however, misleading. Notwithstanding its complexity, the process of wave propagation is entirely deterministic – uniquely defined by the exact positions of scattering centers and the shape of the incident wavefront – making it possible to deduce the precise pattern of wave field throughout the system. Technological advances over the last decade enabled one to synthesize an arbitrary wavefields opening new frontier in light control inside strongly scattering media. Feasibility of the coherent control necessitates a general framework for predicting and understanding the ultimate limit for a targeted energy delivery into a diffusive system. In this talk, we will discuss such scientifically and technologically important questions as “How can one systematically find the incident wavefront that optimally deposits energy into a target region of arbitrary size and shape, deep inside a diffusive medium?†and “What is the ultimate limit on the energy enhancement in a region?†Predictable energy delivery opens the door to numerous applications, e.g., optogenetic control of cells, photothermal therapy, as well as probing and manipulating photoelectrochemical processes deep inside nominally opaque media. Liens :Alexey Yamilov |
Manuel Donaire (Universidad de Valladolid et Institut Néel / CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Excited atoms: non-reciprocal forces and optical response le mercredi 29 juin 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : For atoms in their ground state, the interatomic forces and the interaction of atoms with light are well described with stationary quantum theory and semiclassical approaches. However, when atoms are excited, either by a pulse or by an incoherent pump, a fully quantum time-dependent approach becomes necessary. Within that framework, we will reveal the apparent violation of the action-reaction principle in the interaction between excited atoms, as well as the existence of non-conservative forces. In addition, we will show how to tailor the scattering properties of an atom with gains so as to obtain a PT-symmetry condition for null extinction. References
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Mikko Möttönen (Aalto University ) | Détails Fermer |
New superconducting qubit and millikelvin electronics to boost it le mardi 28 juin 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We recently discovered a new kind of a superconducting qubit, the unimon, that can be fabricated using standard materials and techniques out of a single Josephson junction and a superconducting resonator, yet having higher anharmonicity than the transmon and resilience against charge and flux noise. Our first experiments on the unimon demonstrate single-qubit-gate fidelity of 99.9% stable for several hours without recalibration. In addition, we have developed qubit readout, reset, and control electronics that operates at millikelvin temperatures and can be integrated with the unimon in the future. These results have been obtained by the Quantum Computing and Devices (QCD) group in collaboration with several other groups. See https://www.aalto.fi/en/department-of-applied-physics/qcd-media for highlighted published results and https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.05896 for the preprint on the unimon. ATTENTION! Séminaire en visioconférence uniquement! Liens : |
Noam Schiller (Weizmann Institute of Science) | Détails Fermer |
Superconductivity and fermionic dissipation in quantum Hall edges le vendredi 24 juin 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Proximity-induced superconductivity in fractional quantum Hall edges is a prerequisite to proposed realizations of parafermion zero-modes. A recent experimental work (Gül et al., arXiv: 2009.07836) provided evidence for such coupling, in the form of a crossed Andreev reflection signal, in which electrons enter a superconductor from one chiral mode and are reflected as holes to another, counter-propagating chiral mode. Remarkably, while the probability for cross Andreev reflection was small, it was stronger for $ u=1/3$ fractional quantum Hall edges than for integer ones. We theoretically explain these findings, including the relative strengths of the signals in the two cases and their qualitatively different temperature dependencies. An essential part of our model is the coupling of the edge modes to normal states in the cores of Abrikosov vortices induced by the magnetic field, which provide a fermionic bath. We find that the stronger crossed Andreev reflection in the fractional case originates from the suppression of electronic tunneling between the fermionic bath and the fractional quantum Hall edges. Liens : |
Michael Hatridge (University of Pittsburgh) | Détails Fermer |
Modular quantum computing and parametric controls in superconducting quantum circuits le mardi 21 juin 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Most quantum computers are built as lattices of qubits with nearest-neighbor couplings. This has several advantages: these machines are readily scaled and are well suited to error correction via surface codes. However, when operated as computers this architecture imposes a substantial overhead in implementing algorithms, as gates between distant qubits require swapping states across the lattice until they reach neighboring sites. These SWAP operations can easily dominate the gate count of the circuit, and thus limit the computational power of the quantum computer. In this talk, I will discuss our efforts to construct an alternative modular architecture for superconducting QCs via parametric gates and controls. Our scheme is based on a so-called SNAIL device whose three-wave couplings we exploit to controllably couple quantum modes. In this talk I will review our recent experimental efforts, especially our realization of four transmon all-to-all quantum modules and a quantum state router [1] which can link four modules with highly coherent operations, as well as the prospects for scaling to larger modular quantum processors. 1. A modular quantum computer based on a quantum state router C. Zhou, P. Lu, M. Praquin, T.-C. Chien, R. Kaufman, X. Cao, M. Xia, R. Mong, W. Pfaff, D. Pekker, M. Hatridge. arXiv:2109.06848 (2021). Liens :Michael Hatridge |
MISSING (Universita di Napoli) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Magic le vendredi 17 juin 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Resource theories - magic and non stabilizerness - Stabilizer Renyi Entropy (SRE) - SRE and quantum chaos - measurement of magic Liens : |
Christopher Lee Baldwin (University of Maryland) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum dynamics in disordered systems, in low and high dimensions le vendredi 17 juin 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quenched disorder, in the sense of random imperfections in a system, is both a blessing and a curse for scientists — it can give rise to a host of novel phenomena, but it also tends to impede transport and communication. Here we cover examples of both from our work on quantum dynamics, and in doing so touch on topics ranging from chaos to computing. In the first part, we discuss tunneling processes in “rugged energy landscapesâ€, of which the classic optimization problems from computer science (such as Traveling Salesman and Satisfiability) are examples. After describing how many such problems share essential features with mean-field spin glasses — long-range interactions, disorder, frustration — we summarize our understanding of the quantum dynamical phases in the latter. In the second part, we consider the opposite extreme of 1D nearest-neighbor spin chains. We describe how “Lieb-Robinson bounds†have proven to be an invaluable tool for studying both many-body dynamics and constraints on quantum information protocols. We then cover our recent work developing Lieb-Robinson bounds tailored to disordered spin chains. Liens : |
Aleksey Lunkin (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics) | Détails Fermer |
Introduction to the SYK model and its non-Fermi liquid properties le jeudi 16 juin 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The plenty of available data on various strongly correlated electronic materials calls for the development of a general theory of the non-Fermi-liquid ground state(s) of an interacting many-body fermionic system. The recently proposed Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model of interacting fermions provides a new and fresh view of this old problem. It has recently attracted a lot of attention as a possible boundary theory of a two-dimensional gravitational bulk. This model, also, can be considered a nonlinear generalization of usual random-matrix Hamiltonians. In my talk, I will make an introduction to the SYK model. I will describe the mean-field solutions, its asymptotic symmetries and discuss the role of fluctuations. I also briefly show my results related to the stability of the SYK model with respect to perturbation. The last part of the talk covers transport and chaotic properties of the SYK-based model. Liens : |
MISSING (Universita di Napoli) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Magic le mercredi 15 juin 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Stabilizer formalism - Clifford group - simulability of quantum states and gates Liens : |
Martina et Félix (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Présentations des stagiaires le mercredi 15 juin 2022 à 11:00 |
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Stephan Philips (TU-Delft) | Détails Fermer |
Making quantum processors with spin qubits le mardi 14 juin 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Future quantum computers capable of solving relevant problems will require a large number of qubits that can be operated reliably(1). However, the requirements of having a large qubit count and operating with high-fidelity are typically conflicting. Spins in semiconductor quantum dots show long-term promise but demonstrations so far use between one and four qubits and typically optimize the fidelity of either single- or two-qubit operations, or initialization and readout (2,3,4,5,6,7,8). Here (9) we expand the number of qubits and simultaneously achieve respectable fidelities for universal operation, state preparation and measurement. We design, fabricate and operate a six-qubit processor with a focus on careful Hamiltonian engineering, on a high level of abstraction to program the quantum circuits and on efficient background calibration, all of which are essential to achieve high fidelities on this extended system. State preparation combines initialization by measurement and real-time feedback with quantum-non-demolition measurements. These advances will allow testing of increasingly meaningful quantum protocols and constitute a major stepping stone towards large-scale quantum computers. In this talk I will briefly review electron spin qubits and explain the results described above. 1. Vandersypen, L. M. K., et al., npj Quantum Information, vol. 3.1, pp. 1-10, 2017. 2. Veldhorst, M., et al, Nature nanotechnology, vol. 9.12, pp. 981-985, 2014. 3. Yoneda J., et al., Nature Nano, vol. 13, pp. 102-106, 2018. 4. Xue X., et al, Nature 601, 343–347, 2022 5. Noiri, A.et al., Nature 601, 338–342, 2022 6. Mills, A.et al., arXiv:2111.11937, 2021 7. Takeda K., et al., Nature Nano, pp. 1-5, 2021. 8. Hendrickx N. W., et al., Nature, vol. 591, pp. 580–585, 2021 9. Philips S., MÄ…dzik M, et al., https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.09252 Liens : |
Alioscia Hamma (Universita di Napoli) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Magic le vendredi 10 juin 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Introduction - Mathematical preliminaries - layers of quantum mechanical behavior: entanglement and speed up - quantum circuits and channels - universality Liens : |
CPTGA 10 juin (Café (Université du Maryland) | Détails Fermer |
Scaling down the laws of thermodynamics le vendredi 10 juin 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Thermodynamics provides a robust conceptual framework and set of laws that govern the exchange of energy and matter. Although these laws were originally articulated for macroscopic objects, nanoscale systems also exhibit “thermodynamicÂ-like†behavior – for instance, biomolecular motors convert chemical fuel into mechanical work, and single molecules exhibit hysteresis when manipulated using optical tweezers. To what extent can the laws of thermodynamics be scaled down to apply to individual microscopic systems, and what new features emerge at the nanoscale? I will describe some of the challenges and recent progress – both theoretical and experimental – associated with addressing these questions. Along the way, my talk will touch on non-equilibrium fluctuations, “violations†of the second law, the thermodynamic arrow of time, nanoscale feedback control, strong system-environment coupling, and quantum thermodynamics. Liens :CPTGA 10 juin (Café |
Richard Kueng (Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria) | Détails Fermer |
Classical shadows: efficient quantum-to-classical converters with many applications le jeudi 09 juin 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Extracting important information from a quantum system as efficiently and tractably as possible is an important subroutine in most quantum technologies. We present an efficient method for constructing an approximate classical description of a quantum state using very few measurements of the state. This description, called a classical shadow, can be used to predict many different properties. The required number of measurements is independent of the system size and saturates information-theoretic lower bounds [arXiv:2002.08953]. These quantum-to-classical converters pave the way for new synergies between (near-term) quantum computing and classical machine learning [arXiv:2106.12627]. Conversely, instances where they fail constitute promising candidates for new types of quantum advantage [arXiv:2112.00778]. Liens : |
Hélène Bouchiat (LPS Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Singular orbital magnetism in Graphene with a moiré potential: diamagnetism and paramagnetism le mardi 07 juin 2022 à 14:00 |
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Giacomo Mazza (Université de Genève) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum and classical aspects of strong light-matter coupling in cavity electrodynamics le vendredi 03 juin 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Light-matter interaction represents the fundamental tool to probe and actively manipulate the properties of matter. In most cases, the investigation of strong light-matter interaction relies on coherent light sources to excite microscopic degrees of freedom. Recently, several proposals have suggested an alternative route based on the exploitation of the enhanced 'vacuum fluctuations' in confined geometries such as optical cavities. Despite the significant potential of this approach, the predictions based on simplified models of cavity QED can sometimes lead to contradictory results. In contrast to that, the properties of the light-matter interaction beyond simplified models remain poorly explored. In this seminar, I will discuss the general properties of the light-matter interaction as derived from the quantum many-body theory of photons coupled to the microscopic degrees of freedom in a solid-state system. I will consider the renormalization of electronic properties, the ground-state properties of light, and their dependence on cavity confinement. Eventually, I will compare classical and quantum aspects of the strong coupling regimes of the light-matter interaction. Liens : |
Guillaume Manzanares (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Superradiant Quantum Phase transition for Landau Polaritons with Rashba and Zeeman couplings le mercredi 25 mai 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Cavity quantum electrodynamics has considerably developed recently thanks to the technological progress. Among the paradigmatic models of cavity quantum electrodynamics, the Dicke model, which describes the coupling of N atoms to the same cavity mode, can give rise, under some conditions, to the « superradiant » quantum phase transition (SQPT). Such a transition is predicted for a relatively high value of the light-matter coupling, which has actually been reached in the last five years in some systems, such as superconducting circuits and Landau polaritons. But while the technology is ready, the SQPT has never been observed at equilibrium because it requires also a diamagnetic energy smaller than a given threshold. I will develop a theory of cavity quantum electrodynamics for a two-dimensional electron gas in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit and Zeeman couplings and perpendicular magnetic field, coupled to a spatially nonuniform quantum photon field. I will show that the SQPT, can in principle occur through a pure in-plane Zeeman coupling, but it requires extremely small (unrealistic) quantum well widths or extremely fine tuning of the effective LandeÌ factor which makes two Landau levels coincide. Landau level crossings can also be induced by the Rashba spin-orbit coupling and they promote the SQPT which can be obtained for certain values of the effective LandeÌ factor and filling factors. In this case, the SQPT can occur for quantum well widths in the nanoscale. Liens :LPMMC |
Saulius Vaitiekenas (Niels Bohr Institute) | Détails Fermer |
Semi-super-ferro hybrids: A new platform for unconventional superconductivity le mardi 24 mai 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Recently developed semiconducting InAs nanowires with epitaxial superconducting Al and ferromagnetic insulator EuS shells display induced superconductivity with Zeeman-like splitting at zero external magnetic field (1). The intricate interplay between spin-orbit coupling, magnetic domains, and superconducting coherence gives rise to unique ground states and corresponding electrical properties. In this talk, I will discuss our latest experiments on spin-polarization of the induced superconductivity (2,3). References: (1) Y. Liu, et al., Nano Lett. 20, 456 (2020). (2) S. VaitiekÄ—nas, et al., Phys. Rev. B 105, L041304 (2022). (3) D. Razmadze, et al., arXiv:2204.03202 (2022). Liens : |
Cécilia Lancien (Université Grenoble-Alpes) | Détails Fermer |
Typical correlations and entanglement in random tensor network states le vendredi 20 mai 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Tensor network states are used extensively as a mathematically convenient description of physically relevant states of many-body quantum systems. Those built on regular lattices, i.e. matrix product states (MPS) in dimension 1 and projected entangled pair states (PEPS) in dimension 2 or higher, are of particular interest in condensed matter physics. In this talk, I will try to answer the following general question: which features of MPS and PEPS are generic and which are, on the contrary, exceptional? Or to rephrase it: given an MPS or PEPS sampled at random, what are the features that it displays with either high or low probability? One property which we will focus on is that of having either rapidly decaying or long-range correlations. In a nutshell, the main result I will state is that translation-invariant MPS and PEPS typically exhibit exponential decay of correlations, at a provably high rate. I will show two distinct ways of getting to this conclusion, depending on the dimensional regime under consideration. Both yield intermediate results which are of independent interest, namely: the parent Hamiltonian and the transfer operator of such MPS and PEPS typically have a large spectral gap. If time allows, I will also present on-going attempts at quantifying the amount of genuinely multipartite entanglement in such random MPS and PEPS. The talk will be based mainly on a joint work with David Perez-Garcia, available at arXiv:1906.11682, and on some work in progress with Ion Nechita. Liens : |
Kater Murch (Washinton University) | Détails Fermer |
Trapping and manipulating single-electron qubits on solid neon in a hybrid circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture le mardi 17 mai 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Electrons, elementary particles of nonzero charge, spin, and mass, have long been perceived of as paradigmatic local quantum information carriers. Despite superior controllability and configurability, their practical performance as qubits via either motional or spin states depends critically on their material environment. I will discuss recent collaborative work where we have successfully trapped single electrons on a solid surface of neon in vacuum. By integrating an electron trap in a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture, we achieve strong coupling between the motional states of a single electron and an on-chip microwave resonator. We further tune the system into a regime of dispersive coupling where we utilize microwave pulses to perform qubit gate operations and state readout, allowing us to characterize the coherence of this new qubit architecture. I will further discuss our plans for the next steps with his new qubit platform where we will couple to the electron’s spin which is expected to have coherence times measured in seconds. Liens : |
MISSING (Université de Genève) | Détails Fermer |
Influence matrix approach to quantum many-body dynamics le vendredi 13 mai 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk I will introduce an approach to study the non-equilibrium dynamics of extended quantum many-body systems, inspired by the Feynman-Vernon influence functional description of quantum baths. We take an open-quantum-system viewpoint and describe evolution of a local subsystem in terms of an influence matrix (IM) - an operator acting on the space of temporal trajectories of the subsystem. The IM fully encodes the effects of the many-body system on its local subregions, and thus characterizes its ability (or failure) to behave as an efficient bath. I will show that this complementary angle of attack on quantum many-body dynamics offers many advantages, both conceptually and practically. In one spatial dimension, space-time duality allows to write an exact linear self-consistency equation for the IM. This equation possesses remarkable solutions in a class of maximally chaotic quantum circuits corresponding to perfect Markovian dephasing dynamics of subsystems. Away from such special points, quantum many-body systems exert a non-Markovian influence on subsystems, associated with temporal entanglement (TE) in the IM. Analyzing a wide range of models with analytical methods and numerical matrix-product-state computations, we study the scaling of TE in several dynamical regimes, ranging from strongly chaotic to (quasi-)integrable and many-body localized. Based on recent works with Dmitry Abanin and Michael Sonner. Liens : |
Adrian Bachtold (ICFO) | Détails Fermer |
Manipulating mechanical resonators with single-electron tunneling le mardi 10 mai 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Single-electron tunneling enables coupling mechanical vibrations to electrons by a large amount. In this talk, I will show how to use this coupling to create a nonlinear mechanical oscillator approaching the quantum regime, where the resulting quantum energy levels of the mechanical oscillator are no longer evenly spaced. We achieve this using carbon nanotube electromechanical resonators in the ultrastrong coupling regime, where the single-electron single-phonon electromechanical coupling can be up to 20 times larger than the mechanical frequency. Using mechanical nanotubes hosting multiple quantum dots, we expect that our approach may enable the realization of a mechanical qubit [1] and a quantum simulator of quantum matters featuring strong electron-phonon correlations [2]. [1] F. Pistolesi, A. N. Cleland, and A. Bachtold, Phys. Rev. X 11, 031027 (2021) [2] U Bhattacharya, T Grass, A Bachtold, M Lewenstein, F Pistolesi, Nano Lett. 21, 9661 (2021) Liens :Adrian Bachtold |
Bertrand Georgeot (Laboratoire de Physique Théorique IRSAMC, Toulouse) | Détails Fermer |
Multifractality and nonergodicity in complex quantum systems le mardi 10 mai 2022 à 11:00 |
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Marcel Filoche (LPMC, Polytechnique) | Détails Fermer |
Is the mobility edge of the Anderson transition a percolation problem ? le vendredi 06 mai 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Anderson localization has been a intriguing phenomenon to physicists and mathematicians for now more than 6 decades. In particular, although firmly believed, the existence in 3D (and above) of a transition between localized and delocalized states has never been rigorously proven. Even more, the exact location of this transition (also called the "mobility edge") remains elusive. In this talk, we will show that a theoretical tool, the "localization landscape", casts a new light on the localization induced by a disordered potential. We will introduce the essential concepts and results obtained thanks to this tool, and show that the aforementioned mobility edge can be related to a percolation transition of the effective potential deduced from the localization landscape. We will finally present how these results can be connected to actual experimental measurements, especially in the context of cold atoms. Liens : |
Tony Jin (Univerity of Geneva (NIGE)) | Détails Fermer |
Classical random walker under continuous measurement le vendredi 29 avril 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The interplay between measurements and chaotic many-body systems has recently attracted extended interest within the quantum community in the context of measurement-induced phase transitions (MIPS). MIPS describes a phase transition of the entanglement entropy from a volume law to an area law when the measurement rate exceeded a certain critical value. The vast majority of the studies concerning MIPS were done for quantum systems but in principle, the interplay of measurements and chaotic dynamics could also lead to interesting phenomenology within the classical realm. In this talk, I will present one of the simplest models illustrating this interplay between an internal chaotic dynamics and a measurement process, explicitly a single random walker on the lattice undergoing continuous measurements. After presenting the model, I will show that in the limit of weak-measurement, the stochastic dynamics of the probability distribution can be mapped to the stochastic heat equation with in turn implies that the log probability follows a discrete KPZ equation via the Cole-Hopf transform. Finally, I will show numerical evidence that at higher measurement rates, a second growth regime of the width of the log probability emerges. Liens : |
Richard East (LIG / UGA) | Détails Fermer |
Formal diagrammatic reasoning for physics le vendredi 22 avril 2022 à 11:00 |
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Zheng Vitto HAN (Shanxi University) | Détails Fermer |
Substrates for graphene: a new interesting one? le mardi 12 avril 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Ever since the discovery of ultra-high mobility when placed onto an h-BN substrate, emerging physical phenomena (such as fractional quantum Hall effect, fractal Landau spectrum, and etc.) have been continuously found in graphene up to now. And along with the physical properties, the technique of transferring and stacking van der Waals layers itself has led to a new direction of research of moiré superlattice in recent years. Except for h-BN, researchers have been working on finding new substrates for graphene, in order to trigger exciting new physics in the resulting heterosystems. However, very few materials can be as potent as h-BN to serve as a substrate of graphene. In this talk, we will introduce our recent progresses in the finding of new substrates for graphene: by bring mono-layer or bernal-stacked bilayer graphene into contact with a few-layered antiferromagnetic insulator CrOCl, the resulted vertical heterostructures can give rise to an extraordinarily robust quantum Hall phase in monolayer graphene [1], and an exciton-enhanced insulator in bilayer graphene [2], which are attributed to the subtle coupling of graphene-CrOCl interface. Such interfacial coupling can be a simple yet very powerful technique in effectively engineering the quantum electronic states. [1] arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.02899. [2] arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.02921. Liens : |
Matteo Votto (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Revealing entanglement statistics of random many-body states via partial transpose moments le vendredi 08 avril 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We present experimentally accessible quantities that can be used to identify different families of random entanglement states. In particular, we consider a ratio between low-order moments of the partially transposed reduced density matrix. We find that this ratio takes well-defined values in the thermodynamic limit for various families of entangled states. This allows to sharply distinguish each of these phases, in a way that can be understood from a quantum information perspective based on the spectrum of the partial-transpose density matrix. We analyze in particular the entanglement phase diagram of Haar random states, and the differences with respect to Clifford, matrix-product states, and fermionic Gaussian states. Our results can be used to experimentally test the mixed-state entanglement structure of quantum states formed in quantum computers and programmable quantum simulators. Liens : |
Emmanuel Flurin (CEA Saclay) | Détails Fermer |
Detecting spins by their fluorescence with a microwave photon counter le mardi 05 avril 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Single-photon counters are essential for detecting weak incoherent electromagnetic radiation. In the optical domain, they are widely used to detect spontaneous emission from individual quantum systems, with applications in fluorescence microscopy, and in numerous areas of quantum technologies. In the microwave domain, operational single-photon counters have just recently been developed using superconducting quantum circuits (1), offering novel opportunities for detecting fluorescence or spontaneous emission at microwave frequencies. Here, we demonstrate the use of a microwave single-photon counter to detect the photons spontaneously emitted by a small ensemble of electron spins coupled to a superconducting micro-resonator (2). In this novel spin detection scheme, each click of the detector reveals the quantum jump of an individual spin from its excited to its ground state. Besides their fundamental interest, our results also constitute a novel methodology for Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy, it paves the way toward the readout of individual electron spins for quantum sensing at the single molecule level and quantum computation with highly coherent electron spins (3) and their nuclear registers. (1) R. Lescanne, et al., Physical Review X, 10, 021038 (2020) (2) E. Albertinale, et al., Nature 600 7889, 434-438 (2021) (3) M. Le Dantec, et al., Science advances 7.51 (2021) Liens : |
Nicolas Bergeal (ESPCI) | Détails Fermer |
Superconducting oxides interfaces le mardi 22 mars 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The achievement of high-quality epitaxial interfaces involving transition metal oxides gives a unique opportunity to engineer artificial materials where new electronic phases take place. The discovery of a high mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) confined in a quantum well at the interface between two insulating oxides LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 is probably one of the most prominent examples in the field (1). Unlike more conventional semiconductor based quantum wells, conducting electrons at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 fill 3d-bands, which gives a favourable ground for the emergence of complex electronic phases. In particular, 2D superconductivity (2,3) and strong Rashba spin orbit coupling (4) have been reported in such interfaces. A key feature of these electronic systems lies in the possibility to control their carrier density by electric field effect, which results in gate-tunability of both superconductivity and Rashba spin-orbit coupling. In this talk, I will review some microwave transport measurements on LaAlO3/SrTiO3interfaces that evidence a transition from single-gap to two-gap s±-wave superconducting state driven by continuous and reversible electrostatic doping (5,6). I will also present the realization of top-gated LaAlO3/SrTiO3 devices whose physical properties, including superconductivity and Rashba spin-orbit coupling, can be tuned over a wide range of electrostatic doping, opening new perspectives for the realization of spintronics or mesoscopic devices. In particular, we have fabricated Quantum Point Contacts in an oxide interface, which exhibits a quantized conductance due to ballistic transport in a one-dimensional conducting channel. Finally, I will briefly discuss some recent experiments on the newly discovered superconducting 2-DEG in KTaO3 based heterostructures. (1) A. Ohtomo and H.Y. Hwang, Nature 427, 423 (2004). (2) A. Caviglia et al., Nature 456, 624–627 (2008). (3) J. Biscaras et al., Nature Communications 1, 89 (2010). (4) A. D. Caviglia et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 126803 (2010). (5) G. Singh et al., Nature Mat. 18, 948–954 (2019). (6) G. Singh et al., Phys. Rev. B 105, 064512 (2022). (7) A. Jouan et al. Nature Elec. 3, 201–206 (2020). (8) C. Liu,et al. Science 371, 716–721 (2021). Z. Chen et al. Science 372, 721–724 (2021). Liens : |
Preden Roulleau (CEA (Saclay)) | Détails Fermer |
Excitonic nature of magnons in a quantum Hall ferromagnet le mardi 08 février 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Magnons enable the transfer of a magnetic moment or spin over macroscopic distances. In quantum Hall ferromagnets, it has been predicted that spin and charge are entangled, meaning that any change of the spin texture modifies the charge distribution. As a direct consequence of this entanglement, magnons should carry an electric dipole moment. Here we report evidence of this electric dipole moment in a graphene quantum Hall ferromagnet using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. As magnons propagate across the insulating bulk, their electric dipole moment modifies the Aharonov-Bohm flux through the interferometer, affecting both the phase and visibility of the interference pattern. In particular, we relate the phase shift to the sign of this electric dipole moment, the loss of visibility to the flux of emitted magnons, and we show that the magnon emission is a Poissonian process. Finally, we probe the emission energy threshold of the magnons for transient states, between ν=0 and ν=1, and link them to the emergence of gapless mode predicted in the canted-antiferromagnetic phase at charge neutrality. The ability to couple the spin degree of freedom to an electrostatic potential is a property of quantum Hall ferromagnets that could be promising for spintronics. Liens : |
Simone Rademacher (Institute for Science and Technology Austria) | Détails Fermer |
The polaron in the strong coupling limit le vendredi 04 février 2022 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We consider the physical system of a polaron which is a model for a charged particle moving in a polarized crystal. Its quantum mechanical description is given by the Fröhlich model, introduced in 1937. We discuss the validity of the classical Landau-Pekar equations as an effective dynamics in the strong coupling limit. Moreover, we provide a definition of the effective mass of the classical polaron described by the Landau-Pekar equations. The resulting formula agrees with the prediction by Landau and Pekar in 1948. This is joint work with D. Feliciangeli, N. Leopold, D. Mitrouskas, B. Schlein and R. Seiringer. Liens : |
Nicolo Crescini (Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Effect of two-level systems and phonons on superconducting quantum devices le mardi 1er février 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Two-level systems and quasiparticles are believed to lie at the origin of noise and decoherence in superconducting quantum devices. For the development of quantum technologies, it is important to understand such systems, and possibly overcome the limitation they impose. A step further in this direction is unveiling their nature, which can be discerned in terms of how they interact with micro or nano-devices. To study the physics of two-level systems (TLSs) we make use of T-shaped biased resonators. Their resonance frequency and quality factor are probed simultaneously with a microwave interferometer while applying a dc or rf bias signal. Random telegraph variations are detected in both the resonators' frequencies and quality factors, allowing us to test their correlation, and investigate the time evolution of these parameters. We observe that a milli-Volt bias can tune the resonance frequency of TLSs, while a voltage of the order of few Volts completely changes the system dynamics. Using a rf bias we perform a two-tones spectroscopy analysis, and reveal a reduction of frequency fluctuations and quality factor at low frequency and high tone power. The effect of out of equilibrium phonons is analysed by using a gated superconducting nanowire. We study the suppression of superconductivity in sample geometries where the roles of electric field and electron-current flow can be clearly separated. Our results show that suppression of superconductivity does not depend on the presence or absence of an electric field at the surface of the nanowire, but requires a current of high-energy electrons. Our observations question existing interpretations and theories based on electric fields and contribute towards understanding the complex interactions between out-of-equilibrium phenomena in solids and performance of superconducting hardware. Liens : |
Kyrylo Snizhko (CEA Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Parafermionic zero modes on quantum Hall edges, and parafermionic Kondo problem as their transport signature le mardi 25 janvier 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Fractional quantum Hall states are known to support quasiparticles that are fractions of electrons [1,2]. When combined with superconductivity, these are predicted to give rise to parafermionic zero modes — a fractional generalization of Majorana zero modes [3,4]. I will provide an introduction to the physics of parafermions, briefly describe how they can be useful for topologically protected quantum computation [5], and then discuss a parafermionic Kondo problem [6]. Parafermionic Kondo is a remarkable effect which on one hand is beautiful and counterintuitive, and on the other hand can provide strong signatures for parafermions without needing a proper quantum-computing-ready setup. [1] L. Saminadayar, D. C. Glattli, Y. Jin, and B. Etienne, “Observation of the $e/3$ Fractionally Charged Laughlin Quasiparticle,†Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2526–2529 (1997). [2] R. De-Picciotto, M. Reznikov, M. Heiblum, V. Umansky, G. Bunin, and D. Mahalu, “Direct observation of a fractional charge,†Nature 389, 162–164 (1997). [3] N. H. Lindner, E. Berg, G. Refael, and A. Stern, “Fractionalizing Majorana Fermions: Non-Abelian Statistics on the Edges of Abelian Quantum Hall States,†Phys. Rev. X 2, 041002 (2012). [4] D. J. Clarke, J. Alicea, and K. Shtengel, “Exotic non-abelian anyons from conventional fractional quantum Hall states,†Nat. Commun. 4, 1348 (2013). [5] K. Snizhko, R. Egger, and Y. Gefen, “Measurement and control of a Coulomb-blockaded parafermion box,†Phys. Rev. B 97, 081405 (2018). [6] K. Snizhko, F. Buccheri, R. Egger, and Y. Gefen, “Parafermionic generalization of the topological Kondo effect,†Phys. Rev. B 97, 235139 (2018). Liens : |
Kater Murch (Washington University, St. Louis) | Détails Fermer |
Effective non-Hermitian evolution of a superconducting qubit: harnessing the topology of a Riemann surface for quantum control le mardi 18 janvier 2022 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : A system described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian will, in general, have complex energies and non-orthogonal eigenstates. The degeneracies of such a system are known as exceptional points. Near these degeneracies, the complex energies are described by Riemann manifolds whose topology enables new methods of control over the system. Using a superconducting circuit QED platform we employ dynamical control over an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian to utilize the topology of its complex energy surfaces to control quantum state vectors. If a quantum system is initialized in one eigenstate, and the Hamiltonian parameters are varied slowly such as to encircle an EP, returning to the initial parameters, the topology of the Riemann manifold predicts that adiabatic evolution will switch the state to a different eigenstate. I will describe experiments where we observe this quantum state transport and use a quantum phase reference to measure the chiral geometric phases accumulated after this dynamical control. Liens :Kater Murch |
Loïc Herviou | Détails Fermer |
Time-evolution of local information: thermalization dynamics of local observables le vendredi 17 décembre 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Understanding thermalization in closed quantum mechanics remains a subtle problem. As the occupancies of the Hamiltonian eigenstates are conserved, thermalization occurs when eigenstates close in energy share similar local observables. In this talk, I will discuss thermalization through the point of view of information. I will introduce the concept of information lattice, which allows us to represent the information flow using locality as an additional dimension. Thermalization then corresponds to a flow of the state-specific information to a non-local range. Based on this observation, I will propose a tentative algorithm that allows to simulate large scale dissipative systems at long times. Liens : |
Maria Luisa Della (Laboratoir Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ)) | Détails Fermer |
Electric and thermoelectric properties of supported 2D materials le mardi 14 décembre 2021 à 14:00 |
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Liens :Maria Luisa DellaLaboratoir Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ) |
hybride Blagoje Oblak | Détails Fermer |
Deformational Berry Phases of Quantum Hall Droplets le vendredi 10 décembre 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk, I argue that adiabatic sequences of arbitrary area-preserving deformations, acting unitarily on a planar Hall droplet, produce Berry phases that admit a closed-form expression in terms of the many- body current and density. This result is new on its own, but also exhibits several familiar concepts pertaining to the quantum Hall effect. The leading term of the many-body phase is thus super-extensive (proportional to N^2 for N electrons) owing to Aharonov-Bohm phases. Removing the latter in a gauge-invariant way leaves out an extensive geometric phase that only measures the edge current. In particular, the Berry curvature per electron associated with linear deformations is a quantized multiple of a hyperbolic area form, providing a bulk-edge correspondence for Hall viscosity. [Based on upcoming work with Benoit Estienne.] Liens : |
Laetitia Farinacci (TU Delft) | Détails Fermer |
Free coherent evolution of a coupled atomic spin system initialized by electron scattering le mardi 07 décembre 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Full insight into the dynamics of a coupled quantum system depends on the ability to follow the effect of a local excitation in real-time. Here, we trace the free coherent evolution of a pair of coupled atomic spins by means of scanning tunneling microscopy. Rather than using microwave pulses, we use a direct-current pump-probe scheme to detect the local magnetization after a current-induced excitation performed on one of the spins. By making use of magnetic interaction with the probe tip, we are able to tune the relative precession of the spins. We show that only if their Larmor frequencies match, the two spins can entangle, causing angular momentum to be swapped back and forth (1). These results provide insight into the locality of electron spin scattering and set the stage for controlled migration of a quantum state through an extended spin lattice. (1) Free coherent evolution of a coupled atomic spin system initialized by electron scattering, L. M. Veldman, L. Farinacci, R. Rejali, R. Broekhoven, J. Gobeil, D. Coffey, M. Ternes, A. F. Otte, Science 372, 964 (2021). Liens : |
hybride Irénée Frérot (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Inferring Bell's inequalities from correlation functions in quantum many-body systems le vendredi 03 décembre 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The violation of Bell's inequalities is probably the most striking manifestation of quantum entanglement, excluding all possible descriptions of a set of data in terms of a classical model (a "locally causal" model, in the words of J. S. Bell). While non-locality (that is: the violation of Bell's inequalities) has been demonstrated since the early 1980s for pairs of two-level systems, its exploration in more complex ensembles, and especially in quantum many-body systems, has remained quite unexplored until very recently. This is partly due to the lack of sufficiently scalable and flexible theoretical tools to prove the impossibility of any classical description of a given set of correlations. Yet, we will show in this talk that it is possible to devise such tools, resorting to an exact mapping between Bell's locally-causal models, and classical Ising models (or generalizations thereof). This leads to a constructive approach to probe Bell's non-locality in many-body systems, in which one tries to actively reproduce some set of observed correlations with a classical Ising model -- a so-called inverse Ising problem, well-known in many areas of data science. In contrast to typical data-science instances, however, it is the failure to find such a classical explanation to the data which ultimately leads to unveil its non-locality, in the form of new Bell's inequalities inferred from the data themselves. Both the general framework for this approach will be presented, as well as some specific results and extensions. Liens : |
Adam Rançon (PhLAM, Lille) | Détails Fermer |
Effective thermalization of a many-body dynamically localized Bose gas le vendredi 26 novembre 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Dynamical localization is the quantum chaos analog of the Anderson localization of disordered systems, but in momentum space, as observed in the atomic quantum kicked rotor. Interactions tend to destroy (Anderson) localization, but strong enough disorder give rise to Many-Body Localization (MBL). Whether interactions destroy dynamical localization or not is addressed here. We discuss the effect of interactions on a one-dimensional kicked Bose gas in the strong interaction limit (Tonks regime), and show that dynamical localization is not destroyed by the interactions, in the sense that the energy of the system stays finite at long times. We show that this steady-state is ergodic, i.e. described by a thermal density matrix, with an effective temperature that depends on the kicking parameters and the number of particles. The one-body reduced density matrix of the gas decays exponentially at large distance, implying absence of coherence, while the momentum distribution's tail at large momenta is characterized by an effectively thermal Tan contact. Liens : |
Olivier Coquand (Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Montpellier) | Détails Fermer |
Rheology of granular liquids le mercredi 24 novembre 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Granular liquids are ubiquitous around us, from the physics of geological phenomena to the food processing industry. However, the description of their behaviour remains a challenge for fundamental physics. One of the most successful of such approaches is the so-called "µ(I)" law, a phenomenological law that describes with good accuracy experimental and numerical results, but still lacks theoretical support. In this seminar, I will present our recent works on the subject. From a set of fundamental equations, we managed to explain the µ(I) law from the competition between different time scales associated with fundamental processes within the granular flow. This shed a new light on the physics of these systems, and represents a first step towards the establishment of a complete theoretical framework to describe the physics of dense granular flows. Liens : |
Mitali Banerjee (EPFL) | Détails Fermer |
Identifying non-abelian anyons in quantum Hall states le mardi 23 novembre 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum Hall effects in 2D electron gas exemplify the earliest class of topological phases in solid state physics, characterized by an insulating bulk and gapless edge excitations. The quantum Hall effect has been a source of many concepts that have become essential in more general quantum many-body problems. The fractional quantum Hall states host fractional charges, neutral excitations, and unlike the integer quantum Hall states, they generally support counter-propagating chiral edge modes. The theoretical and the experimental search for such fractionalized particles continues to attract extensive attention. One reason for the enthusiasm is fundamental - as fractionalization can brilliantly exemplify the rich emergent long-range behavior that many-body systems can exhibit. Another reason is more pragmatic, as certain non-abelian fractionalized excitations form the basis of topological quantum computers that promise inherent immunity against errors. In this talk, I will present the role of neutral modes in the quantum Hall effect, as the highly sought after non-abelian excitations are often “charge-neutral.†Yet, there are bosonic neutral modes that plague the single-particle interferometers in the fractional quantum Hall regime. Liens : |
Anastasia Gorbunova | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 19 novembre 2021 à 14:00 |
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hybride Olesia Dmytruk (Collège de France) | Détails Fermer |
Theory of high-power excitation spectra of rf-SQUID le mercredi 17 novembre 2021 à 10:00 |
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Andrew Higginbotham (IST Austria) | Détails Fermer |
Probing quantum materials with circuit quantum electrodynamics le mardi 16 novembre 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : I will discuss two initial experiments in my group’s effort to probe quantum materials with circuit quantum electrodynamics. In the first experiment, we use coplanar waveguide resonators to probe superconductivity in a two-dimensional Al-InAs hybrid system. Our observations qualitatively agree with a theory of induced p±ip pairing that evolves into Bogoliubov-Fermi arcs at high magnetic field. In the second experiment, we study arrays of high-impedance Josephson junctions as a model system for the superconductor-insulator phase transition. Theory predicts that such chains should be insulating, but in experiment superconducting behavior is often observed. Fixing all parameters from microwave measurements, we find that apparent superconducting behavior can be quantitatively understood as the high-temperature fate of a melted insulator. Liens : |
hybride Ad Lagendijk (Twente) | Détails Fermer |
Optimizing Optical Wavefronts le lundi 15 novembre 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Liens : |
MISSING (INRIA Grenoble et ENS-Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
Understanding the efficiency of a nanoelectronic refrigerator fueled by a continuous quantum measurement le vendredi 12 novembre 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Recently, the booming field of quantum thermodynamics has been exploring the properties of heat engines involving phenomena specific to the quantum world, such as entanglement, coherent superpositions or quantum measurement. In particular, it has been noticed that the unavoidable perturbation induced by a quantum measurement can be seen as a thermodynamic transformation, generating a change of entropy and energy. A measuring apparatus can be seen as analogous to a heat bath, and engines able to convert the energy provided by the measurement into heat have been proposed. However, the performances of these engines cannot be completely understood without a deeper description of the energy flows involved in a quantum measurement. We perform such analysis in the case of a refrigerator fueled by a continuous measurement of charge in a nanoelectronic system. We show that for a well chosen range of parameters, the measurement-induced perturbation induces a heat flow from a cold to a hot electron reservoirs. By analyzing a realistic microscopic model for the measuring apparatus – based on an electronic tunnel junction – we compute the work and heat flows involved by the measurement and evaluate the thermodynamic efficiency of the refrigerator as a function of the parameters of the measuring apparatus. We show how the engine complies with Carnot efficiency, paving the road towards energetic optimization of quantum measurements and protocols that involve them. Liens : |
Chuan Li (Twente University (NL)) | Détails Fermer |
Dirac semimetal-based quantum devices towards 1D topological superconductivity le mardi 09 novembre 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : One of the main directions to realize the topological quantum bit is combining topological materials with conventional superconductors. The notion of topological phases has been extended to higher-order and has been generalized to different dimensions. In the last few years, our research demonstrates the possibility of realizing the topological superconductivity in engineered 3D Dirac semimetals [1,2] and their 1D hinge states. Particularly, Cd3As2 is predicted to be a higher-order topological semimetal, possessing three-dimensional bulk Dirac fermions, two-dimensional Fermi arcs [3], and one-dimensional hinge states [4]. These topological states have different characteristic length scales in electronic transport, allowing one to distinguish their properties when changing sample size. [1] Li, C. et al. Nat. Mater. 17, 875–880 (2018). [2] Wang, A. Q. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 237701 (2018). [3] Li, C.-Z. et al. Nat. Commun. 11, 1150 (2020). [4] Li, C.-Z. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 156601 (2020). Liens :Twente University (NL) |
Johannes Motruk | Détails Fermer |
Four-spin terms and the origin of the chiral spin liquid in Mott insulators on the triangular lattice le vendredi 05 novembre 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : At strong repulsion, the triangular-lattice Hubbard model is described by S=1/2 spins with nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic Heisenberg interactions and exhibits conventional 120° order. When decreasing the interaction, additional four-spin interactions are naturally generated from the underlying Mott-insulator physics of electrons. Although these interactions have historically been connected with a gapless ground state with emergent spinon Fermi surface (SFS), we find that at physically relevant parameters, they stabilize a chiral spin-liquid (CSL) of Kalmeyer-Laughlin (KL) type, clarifying observations in recent studies of the Hubbard model. We then present a self-consistent solution based on a mean-field rewriting of the interaction to obtain a Hamiltonian with similarities to the parent Hamiltonian of the KL state, providing a physical understanding for the origin of the CSL. Using a combination of the infinite density matrix renormalization group and exact diagonalization, we also study the wider phase diagram of the spin model, shedding light on the fate of the SFS state. Finally, we will comment on experimental systems in which triangular lattice Hubbard model physics might be observed. Ref.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 087201 (2021). Liens : |
Yuli Nazarov (TU Delft) | Détails Fermer |
Semiclassical topology in multiterminal superconducting nanostructures: protection-unprotection transition, and the role of interaction le mardi 26 octobre 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We review the conceprt of semiclassical topology in multiterminal superconducting nanostructures where the gapped states are characterzed by topological numbers. The topologicical protection requires these states to be separated by the gapless one: sometimes this work, sometimes not so a protection-unprotection transition can happen. We build up a general theoretical description of the transition vicinity in the spirit of Landau theory. We also discuss the interaction effects near the special points of the spectrum and prove a drastic effect of weak interaction. Liens : |
Pedram Roushan (Google) | Détails Fermer |
Time Crystals, the quest for a new phase of matter le mardi 19 octobre 2021 à 16:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum many-body systems display rich phase structure in their low-temperature equilibrium states. However, much of nature is not in thermal equilibrium. Remarkably, it was recently predicted that out-of-equilibrium systems can exhibit novel dynamical phases that may otherwise be forbidden by equilibrium thermodynamics, a paradigmatic example being the discrete time crystal (DTC). Concretely, dynamical phases can be defined in periodically driven many-body localized systems via the concept of eigenstate order. In eigenstate-ordered phases, the entire many-body spectrum exhibits quantum correlations and long-range order, with characteristic signatures in late-time dynamics from all initial states. It is, however, challenging to experimentally distinguish such stable phases from transient phenomena, wherein few select states can mask typical behavior. Here [1] we implement a continuous family of tunable CPHASE gates on an array of superconducting qubits to experimentally observe an eigenstate-ordered DTC. We demonstrate the characteristic spatiotemporal response of a DTC for generic initial states. Our work employs a time-reversal protocol that discriminates external decoherence from intrinsic thermalization, and leverages quantum typicality to circumvent the exponential cost of densely sampling the eigen-spectrum. In addition, we locate the phase transition out of the DTC with an experimental finite-size analysis. Our results establish a scalable approach to study non-equilibrium phases of matter on current quantum processors. 1. Mi et al, arXiv:2107.13571 Liens : |
Shahal Ilani (Weizmann Institute) | Détails Fermer |
What Is the Ultimate Conductance of Hydrodynamic Electrons? le mardi 12 octobre 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Electrical resistance usually originates from lattice imperfections. However, even a perfect lattice has a fundamental resistance limit, given by the Landauer conductance of its discrete modes. This resistance, shown by Sharvin to appear at the contacts to electronic devices, sets the ultimate conduction limit of non-interacting electrons. Recent years have seen growing evidence of hydrodynamic electronic phenomena, prompting recent theories to ask whether liquid electrons can radically break this fundamental Landauer-Sharvin limit. Here, we use single-electron-transistor imaging of electronic flows in high-mobility graphene Corbino devices to answer this question. First, by imaging ballistic flows at low temperatures, we observe a Landauer-Sharvin resistance that does not appear at contacts but is instead distributed throughout the bulk. This underpins the phase-space origin of this resistance - as emerging from spatial gradients in the number of conduction modes. At elevated temperatures, we identify and account for the contribution of electron-phonon scattering and reveal the pure hydrodynamic flow. Strikingly, we find that hydrodynamic electron flow eliminates completely the bulk Landauer-Sharvin resistance. Finally, by adding small magnetic fields, we image swirling magneto-hydrodynamic flows, revealing the key emergent length-scale predicted by hydrodynamic theories – the Gurzhi length. These observations demonstrate that electronic fluids can dramatically overcome the limitations of ballistic electrons, with important implications for fundamental science and future technologies. Liens : |
Olivier Cepas (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Bilan carbone de l'Institut Néel le vendredi 08 octobre 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Après un résumé sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et les objectifs de réduction annoncés, je vous présenterai les différentes rubriques du bilan carbone de l'Institut Néel (réalisé par le collectif "labo en transition"): missions, achats, déplacements domicile-travail, énergies, expériences sur les grands instruments, informatique etc. J'exposerai brièvement les politiques de réduction envisagées à court terme au laboratoire. Liens :Institut Néel |
Zoltan Scherubl (CEA Grenoble / Budapest University) | Détails Fermer |
From Cooper pair splitting to the non-local spectroscopy of a Shiba state le mardi 05 octobre 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Recent years’ hunt for the Majorana fermions generated a genuine interest in superconducting subgap (Yu-Shiba-Rusinov or shortly Shiba) states both in the field of STM measurements and hybrid semiconductor-superconductor devices. The better understanding of the trivial Shiba states paves the way to engineering them into topological states. Previously, devices, quite similar to the hybrid Majorana devices, were investigated from the viewpoint of Cooper pair splitting. These works aimed to generate spatially separated entangled electron pairs in a controlled way. In my talk, after shortly introducing these research fields, I will present a recent work, where we studied the interplay of a Shiba state and the splitting process in a Cooper pair splitter device. Changing the tunnel coupling to one of the normal electrodes allows to tune the device from limit of Cooper pair splitting to the non-local spectroscopy of the Shiba state. First, focusing on the latter limit, I will demonstrate that we could observe the Shiba state at much larger distances than in recent STM measurements. Then, I will discuss how the presence of the Shiba state, producing a non-local signal similar to the pair splitting, affects splitting efficiency. Z.S. et al., Nature Communications 11, 1834 (2020) Z.S. et al., ArXiv: 2108.12155 Liens : |
Théotime Girardot (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Mean-field approximation for the anyon gas le mercredi 29 septembre 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : This thesis is dedicated to the study of ground states of an anyon gas in the large number of particle limit. In two-dimensional space there are possibilities for quantum statistics continuously interpolating between the bosonic and the fermionic one. Quasi-particles obeying such intermediate statistics are called anyons. They can be described as ordinary bosons and fermions with interactions through long-range magnetic potentials, generated by magnetic charges carried by each particle. We study the almost-bosonic and almost-fermionic limit. We obtain rigorous results for the convergence of their ground state energies and the associated minimizers to those of effective models. The ground state of almost-bosonic anyons converges to the infimum of a Hartree-like functionnal and its minimizers to a convex superposition of factorized pure states. The particles behave like independent, identically distributed bosons interacting via a self-consistent magnetic field. The ground state energy of almost-fermionic anyons converges to the infimum of a Thomas-Fermi energy and its minimizers to measures associated with the corresponding semi-classical problem. More precisely, the ground state of our Hamiltonian converges to that of a classical modified Vlasov energy whose minimization leads to the Thomas-Fermi functional. The Vlasov energy is endowed with a self-consistent magnetic field, a landmark of anyonic statistics. The ground state of the Vlasov energy displays anyonic behavior in its momentum distribution. Liens : |
Louk Rademaker (Department of Theoretical Physics, Université de Genève) | Détails Fermer |
Symmetry breaking and Chern insulators in twisted graphene structures le mardi 28 septembre 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Twisted bilayer graphene (tBG) and variants like twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene (tMBG) were proposed to be a platform for strongly correlated physics akin to the cuprate family. However, I will show that many of the observed interacting phenomena can be explained in terms of breaking of spin/valley symmetry. This can lead to a quantum anomalous Hall effect in the absence of a field, as I will show for tMBG [1]. In large magnetic fields the same spin- valley symmetry breaking leads to a series of Chern insulator states [2]. Finally, I will briefly discuss the possibility of genuine strong correlated physics in Moiré structures. [1] Rademaker, Protopopov, Abanin, Phys. Rev. Research, 2, 033150 (2020). [2] Saito, Ge, Rademaker, Watanabe, Taniguchi, Abanin, Young, Nature Physics, 108, 12233 (2021). Liens :Louk Rademaker |
Victor Bittencourt (Max-Planck Institute for the Physics of light) | Détails Fermer |
Magnon-photon coupling in dispersive media le mercredi 22 septembre 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The quantized magnetic excitations (magnons) of magnetic dielectrics can couple to microwave and optical photons, making such systems prospect hybrid quantum platforms. Prospect applications of the system includes quantum transduction between optics and microwaves, and generation of non-classical macroscopic magnetization states. Nevertheless, one of the limitations of the system is the weakness of the coupling between magnons and optical photons - a consequence of the weakness of the magneto-optical effects in dielectrics. In this talk, I present the concept of a novel platform for magnon-photon interaction based on a magnetic epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) medium, in which strong coupling can be achieved. In ENZ media, the diagonal components of the permittivity tensor vanish at specific frequencies, yielding an enhancement of non-linear effects and secondary responses, such as magneto-optical effects. After a brief review of magnon-photon interactions in magnetic dielectrics and the state-of-the-art optomagnonic systems, I will present a quantisation scheme that phenomenologically includes dispersion, which is the responsible for the ENZ behaviour. Within this framework, the enhancement of magneto-optical effects in ENZ media implies an enhancement of the magnon-photon coupling, which can surpass both magnon and photon decay rates, thus reaching the strong coupling regime. Finally, I discuss a possible measurement scheme for the strong magnon-photon coupling via the optics power spectrum, which exhibits multiple sidebands characteristic of the strong parametric coupling. The proposal of an ENZ-based magnon-photon platform pushes forward novel designs for magnonic systems, and can be the starting point for developing new magnon-based protocols. Liens :Victor BittencourtMax-Planck Institute for the Physics of light |
Matias Urdampilleta (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Spin Readout in CMOS Devices le mardi 21 septembre 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Over the last fifty years, the CMOS (Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) electronics industry has been continuously scaling down transistors in size, to increase performance and reduce power consumption. Nowadays, the smallest transistors in industry achieve 5nm features. As a result, those silicon structures tend to exhibit undesirable quantum effects for a classical transistor which appear to be new research opportunities for quantum information processing. In particular, it is nowadays possible to trap single electron spins in silicon quantum dots and perform high fidelity quantum gates (i). These demonstrations combined with the intrinsic properties of the silicon lattice (low spin orbit and hyperfine interaction) make CMOS device an excellent candidate for scalable quantum architectures. This presentation, will focus on the probing of electronic spins trapped in a CMOS device. In the first part I will present the basic characterization of a single electron spin and valley physics detected by standard charge sensing (ii). In the second part, I will show how we can operate a small array of quantum dot (iii) and how we can measure spin states inside. Finally, I’ll present the measurement of higher spin states by probing the quantum capacitance of the system (iv) and how we intend to scale up this measurement technique. (i) Veldhorst, M. et al. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 981 (2014). (ii) Spence, C. et al. In preparation (2021). (iii) Chanrion, E. et al. Phys. Rev. Appl. (2020). (iv) Lundberg, T. et al. Phys. Rev. X (2020). Liens : |
Philippe Campagne Ibarcq (INRIA/ENS Paris) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum error correction of a qubit encoded in grid states of an oscillator le mardi 14 septembre 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In 2001, Gottesman, Kitaev and Preskill (GKP) proposed to encode a fully correctable logical qubit in grid states of a single harmonic oscillator. Although this code was originally designed to correct against shift errors, GKP qubits are robust against virtually all realistic error channels. Since this proposal, other bosonic codes have been extensively investigated, but only recently were the exotic GKP states experimentally synthesized and stabilized. These experiments relied on stroboscopic interactions between a target oscillator and an ancillary two-level system to perform non-destructive error syndrome measurements for the GKP code. In this talk, I will review the fascinating properties of the GKP code and the conceptual and experimental tools developed for trapped ions and superconducting circuits, which enabled quantum error correction of a logical GKP qubit encoded in a microwave cavity. I will describe ongoing efforts to suppress further logical errors, and in particular to avoid the apparition of uncorrectable errors stemming from the noisy ancilla involved in the GKP error syndromes detection. Liens : |
Tobias Goecke (Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)) | Détails Fermer |
Towards scale-consistent cloud models using methods from statistical physics le mercredi 08 septembre 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Methods from statistical physics have been applied to describe characteristics of cloud fields. Analogies to two-dimensional lattice models have been found, in particular for tropical convection. Some physical parametrisations of clouds make use of those ideas. But so far these parametrisations are applied in single model columns, such that horizontal correlations are mostly neglected. The analogy of cloud fields to percolation models might lend itself to describe those horizontal correlations as well as cloud size distributions. To apply those descriptions on the various scales on which physical parametrisations within weather and climate modelling are used, the models should be defined in a scale-aware manner. Here, the functional renormalization group might be a method to derive an effective model on a given scale, in order to arrive at a most consistent treatment of physical processes across models of different resolution. Liens : |
Maxime et Robin (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le lundi 19 juillet 2021 à 10:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Nathan et Valentin (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le lundi 05 juillet 2021 à 10:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Florent Lecocq (NIST) | Détails Fermer |
Hardware for efficient measurements and massive signal delivery in superconducting quantum processors le mardi 29 juin 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : There are many challenges to scaling the size of superconducting quantum computers. First and foremost, building processors with increasing numbers of qubits and longer coherence remains a daunting task. However, the success of superconducting quantum computing will also hinge on the development of many supporting technologies such as cryogenics, signal delivery, and microwave readout. Here I will discuss approaches to two of these bottlenecks, lying at the interface between quantum physics and engineering. First, I will discuss the challenges of wiring a million-qubit processor with coaxial lines, and how using photonic links can enable the use of optical fibers instead [1]. Second, I will discuss why superconducting quantum processors need nonreciprocal components, what are the limitations of the conventional microwave circulators, and how we intend to replace them with integrable nonreciprocal devices based on multimode parametric interactions [2]. [1] F. Lecocq, et al, Nature 591, 575-579 (2021) [2] F. Lecocq, et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 020502 (2021) Liens :NIST |
Salvatore Francesco Emanuele Oliviero (University of Massachussetts) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Chaos is Quantum le lundi 28 juin 2021 à 14:30 |
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Résumé : It is well known that a quantum circuit on n-qubits composed of Clifford gates with the addition of k non-Clifford gates can be simulated on a classical computer by an algorithm scaling polynomially in n and an exponentially in k. Our work in this direction focused on finding the number of resources needed to simulate a quantum chaotic behavior. In this talk, I will review some notions of simulability of quantum circuits and notions of Entanglement. I will show that the doping of a Clifford circuit with O(n) single qubit non Clifford resources is both necessary and sufficient to drive the transition to universal fluctuations of the purity. Liens :University of Massachussetts |
Jonathan Atteia (Paris Sud) | Détails Fermer |
Skyrmions and magnons in the graphene quantum Hall ferromagnet le vendredi 25 juin 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : As a consequence of the approximate spin-valley symmetry in graphene, the ground state of electrons in graphene at charge neutrality is a particular SU(4) quantum Hall ferromagnet. If only the Coulomb interaction is taken into account, this ferromagnet can appeal either to the spin degree of freedom or equivalently to the valley pseudo-spin degree of freedom. This freedom in choice is then limited by subleading energy scales that explicitly break the SU(4) symmetry, the simplest of which is given by the Zeeman effect that orients the spin in the direction of the magnetic field. In addition, there are also valley symmetry breaking terms that can arise from short-range interactions or electron-phonon couplings. Here, we build upon the phase diagram in order to identify the different skyrmions at filling $ u=0$ and spin waves at $ u=pm1$ that are compatible with these types of quantum-Hall ferromagnets. Similarly to the ferromagnets, the skyrmions at charge neutrality are described by the $ ext{Gr}(2,4)$ Grassmannian at the center, which allows us to construct the skyrmion spinors. The different skyrmion types are then obtained by minimizing their energy within a variational approach, with respect to the remaining free parameters that are not fixed by the requirement that the skyrmion at large distances from their center must be compatible with the ferromagnetic background. We show that the different skyrmion types have a clear signature in the local, sublattice-resolved, spin magnetization, which is in principle accessible in scanning-tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. In addition to the skyrmions, we also describe the generalized spin waves at $ u=pm1$, where one encounters pure spin waves, valley-pseudospin waves as well as more exotic entanglement waves that have a mixed spin-valley character. Most saliently, the SU(4) symmetry-breaking terms do not only yield gaps in the spectra, but under certain circumstances, namely in the case of residual ground-state symmetries, render the originally quadratic (in the wave vector) spin-wave dispersion linear. Liens : |
Daniel Vert (CEA List) | Détails Fermer |
Benchmarking quantum annealing machines for solving combinatorial problems le mardi 22 juin 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum computing is receiving renewed interest with recent announcements from several players. The most obvious reason is that some quantum algorithms can solve in polynomial time the same tasks that are currently considered non-polynomial on classical computers. In recent years, analog quantum machines have appeared, of which the computers currently marketed by the Canadian company D-Wave are the first representatives, operating on a quantum accelerated annealing principle. From an abstract point of view, such a machine can be considered as an oracle specialized in solving an NP-hard optimization problem with an algorithm functionally analogous to simulated annealing but with quantum acceleration. In addition to the formal analogies between simulated annealing and quantum annealing, there is an analogy between the current state of the art and that of simulated annealing when it was introduced. The work carried out in the framework consists in understanding the functioning of such a machine and in determining to what extent it contributes to the solution of combinatorial problems. The challenge is to know whether or not there is an acceleration of a quantum nature in these machines compared to other computers. The idea is to provide a first study on the behavior of quantum annealing when confronted with a problem known to trap classical annealing. The bipartite matching problem was specifically chosen to be difficult to solve using simulated annealing. Comparing the performances between these two annealers gives a first benchmark and allows to better characterize their potentials. Liens : |
Francesco Vercesi (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Phase transitions in 1D exciton-polariton le lundi 21 juin 2021 à 10:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Johannes Majer (University of Science and Technology of China) | Détails Fermer |
Hybrid Quantum Systems: Coupling Diamond Color Centers to Superconducting Cavities le mardi 15 juin 2021 à 14:00 |
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Silvia Viola Kusminskiy (Max Planck Institute for the science of light) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum magnonics: Quantum optics with magnons le mardi 08 juin 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In the last five years, a new field has emerged at the intersection between Condensed Matter and Quantum Optics, denominated “Quantum Magnonicsâ€. This field strives to control the elementary excitations of magnetic materials, denominated magnons, to the level of the single quanta, and to interface them coherently to other elementary excitations such as photons or phonons. The recent developments in this field, with proof of concept experiments such as a single-magnon detector, have opened the door for hybrid quantum systems based on magnetic materials. This can allow us to explore magnetism in new ways and regimes, has the potential of unraveling quantum phenomena at unprecedented scales, and could lead to breakthroughs for quantum technologies. A predominant role in these developments is played by cavity magnonic systems, where an electromagnetic cavity, either in the optical or microwave regime, is used to enhance and control the interaction between photons and magnons. In this talk, I will introduce the field and present some theoretical results from our group which aim to push the boundaries of the current state of the art. Liens :Silvia Viola Kusminskiy |
Alessio Chiocchetta (Köln Universität) | Détails Fermer |
Emergent Kardar-Parisi-Zhang phase in quadratically driven condensates le lundi 07 juin 2021 à 10:30 |
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Résumé : Abstract: In bosonic gases at thermal equilibrium, an external quadratic drive can induce a Bose-Einstein condensation described by the Ising transition, as a consequence of the explicitly broken U(1) phase rotation symmetry down to Z2. However, in physical realizations such as exciton-polaritons and nonlinear photonic lattices, thermal equilibrium is lost and the state is rather determined by a balance between losses and external drive. A fundamental question is then how nonequilibrium fluctuations affect this transition. Here, we show that in a two-dimensional driven-dissipative Bose system the Ising phase is suppressed and replaced by a nonequilibrium phase featuring Kardar- Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) physics. Its emergence is rooted in a U(1)-symmetry restoration mechanism enabled by the strong fluctuations in reduced dimensionality. Moreover, we show that the presence of the quadratic drive term enhances the visibility of the KPZ scaling, compared to two-dimensional U(1)-symmetric gases, where it has remained so far elusive. Liens :Köln Universität |
Gwendal Feve (ENS) | Détails Fermer |
Fractional statistics of anyons in a mesoscopic collider le mardi 1er juin 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In three-dimensional space, elementary particles are divided between fermions and bosons according to the properties of symmetry of the wave function describing the state of the system when two particles are exchanged. When exchanging two fermions, the wave function acquires a phase, φ=Ï€. On the other hand, in the case of bosons, this phase is zero, φ=0. This difference leads to deeply distinct collective behaviors between fermions, which tend to exclude themselves, and bosons which tend to bunch together. The situation is different in two-dimensional systems which can host exotic quasiparticles, called anyons, which obey intermediate quantum statistics characterized by a phase φ varying between 0 and Ï€ (1,2). For example in the fractional quantum Hall regime, obtained by applying a strong magnetic field perpendicular to a two-dimensional electron gas, elementary excitations carry a fractional charge (3,4) and have been predicted to obey fractional statistics (1,2) with an exchange phase φ=Ï€/m (where m is an odd integer). I will present how fractional statistics of anyons can be demonstrated in this system by implementing and studying anyon collisions at a beam-splitter (5). The collisions are first studied in the low magnetic field regime, where the elementary excitations are electrons which obey the usual fermionic statistics. It leads to the observation of an antibunching effect in an electron collision: electrons systematically exit in two different arms of the beam-splitter. The observed result is completely different in the fractional quantum Hall regime. Fractional statistics lead to a suppression of the antibunching effect and quasiparticles tend to bunch together in larger packets of charge in a single output of the splitter. This effect leads to the observation of negative correlations of the current fluctuations (5) in perfect agreement with recent theoretical predictions (6). (1) B. I. Halperin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1583–1586 (1984). (2) D. Arovas, J. R. Schrieffer, F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 722–723 (1984). (3) R. de Picciotto et al., Nature 389, 162–164 (1997). (4) L. Saminadayar, D. C. Glattli, Y. Jin, B. Etienne, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2526–2529 (1997) (5) H. Bartolomei, M. Kumar et al. Science 368, 173-177 (2020). (6) B. Rosenow, I. P. Levkivskyi, B. I. Halperin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 156802 (2016). Liens : |
Matteo Votto (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Many-body scars and cluster Luttinger liquids in Rydberg atoms quantum simulators le lundi 31 mai 2021 à 10:30 |
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Résumé : The use of Rydberg states in order to engineer strong correlations in atomic quantum simulators has reached huge popularity in recent times, because of its flexibility in addressing different interesting regimes of quantum matter, and its push towards new interesting problems in many-body physics. An important experiment in one of these regimes showed long-lived oscillations after a quench, leading to the discovery of weak ergodicity breaking in its effective hamiltonian, then resulting in the discovery of many-body quantum scars. In this seminar, stability properties under perturbation of these peculiar states are addressed with a perturbative version of the fidelity susceptibility. Furthermore, a larger class of models with constrained dynamics is considered, showing the presence of many-body quantum scars in a broader setting. In the second part of the seminar, the focus shifts to the possibilities for equilibrium physics in a novel class of Rydberg atoms quantum simulator, based on optical lattices. Similar systems have been shown to host unconventional Luttinger liquids and exotic criticality in one dimension, in their effective descriptions, known as clustering models. Since these new setups allow for dynamics on coupled chains, quantum phases of clustering models on ladders are addressed. Liens :LPMMC |
Jean-François Dayen (IPCMS, Strasbourg) | Détails Fermer |
2D-0D heterostructures devices : why ? how ? what ? le mardi 25 mai 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Because of their atomically-thin structure, high surface to volume ratio, and reduced electric screening, new properties and functionalities are expected to emerge when exploiting the interactions of two dimensional (‘2D’) materials placed in contact with other nanomaterials such as zero dimensional (‘0D’) systems including clusters, nanocrystals and molecules. These so-called Mixed-dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures are now at the forefront of basic nanoscience and applied nanotechnology, providing new sets of possibilities to tailor device functions and novel physical properties.[1] Today, I will present some of our recent achievements and on-going works illustrating the possibilities offered by 2D-0D heterostructures in various fields of nanoelectronics including single-electron electronics [2], molecular electronics[3] and optoelectronics[4]. These 0D-2D devices take advantage of the functionalities of the 0D systems (electronic, magnetic, optic…) and of the specific properties of 2D materials such as : i) van der Waals interface, ii) high diffusion of metals enabling self-ordered growth of nanoclusters, iii) dual electric behavior combining in-plane charge transport with out-of-plane electric field transparency (they are thinner than the Debye screening length), iv) exacerbated surface/interface sensitivity. The works selected for this talk will allow me to introduce some of these concepts. References : [1] D. Jariwala et al., Nat. Mater. 2017, 16, 170 ; [2] Mouafo et al, Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1802478; Mouafo et al., Adv.Func.Mat. 2021, 31, 2008255 ; Godel et al., Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1604837; [3] Noumbe et al., ACS Nano 2020, 14, 4567 ; [4] Konstantinov, J. Mat. Chem. C. 2021, 9, 2712. Liens :Jean-François DayenIPCMS, Strasbourg |
Martina Esposito (Néel) | Détails Fermer |
A reversed Kerr travelling wave parametric amplifier: from near quantum-noise-limited amplificationto microwave photonics le mardi 18 mai 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Travelling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) recently became crucial tools in superconducting quantum technologies since they allow broadband and near quantum-noise-limited microwave detection. The main obstacle in developing TWPAs is the attainment of the phase matching condition between thepump field, which provides the energy for the amplification, and the signal field, to be amplified. I will present a new experimental approach to solving the phase matching problem by exploiting a Josephson metamaterial with in-situ tunability and sign reversal of the Kerr nonlinearity: reversed Kerr phase matching. Such novel reversed Kerr TWPA (1), composed of a chain of asymmetric Josephson junction-based inductive elements, shows amplification performance superior to the ones of previous state of the art TWPAs. In this talk, I will present the design, fabrication, and amplification characterization focusing on the novel reversed Kerr phase matching method. In addition, I will show recent experimental results on the generation of two-mode squeezed statesand discuss the exciting perspective of using such a device as a source of multimode entangled states in microwave photonics. (1) Ranadive et al.A reversed Kerr traveling wave parametric amplifier(2021)http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.05815 Liens : |
MISSING (IRIG CEA Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Analog quantum simulation and quantum operations in quantum dot arrays le mardi 11 mai 2021 à 14:00 |
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Leonardo Mazza (Université d'Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
One dimensional Yb gases with two-body losses: strong quantum correlations in the Zeno regime le lundi 10 mai 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We consider strong two-body losses in quantum gases trapped in one-dimensional optical lattices, starting from the bosonic case. We exploit the separation of time scales typical of a system in the many-body quantum Zeno regime to establish a connection with the theory of the time-dependent generalized Gibbs ensemble. Our main result is a simple set of rate equations that capture the simultaneous action of coherent evolution and two-body losses. This treatment gives an accurate description of the dynamics of a gas prepared in a Mott insulating state and shows that its long-time behaviour deviates significantly from mean-field analyses. The possibility of observing our predictions in an experiment with 174Yb in a metastable state is also discussed. We then move to the fermionic case, where experiments with 173Yb have already been performed: our theoretical approach pinpoints the importance of spin in determining the full dynamics of the system. Liens : |
Tobias Meng (TU Dresden) | Détails Fermer |
Weyl semimetal black holes le jeudi 06 mai 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Weyl semimetals derive their name from the Weyl equation, the relativistic wave equation for massless spin-1/2 particles - this equation emerges as an effective low-energy theory of certain solid state compounds. This mathematical resemblance between solid state and relativity entails a number of intriguing physical parallels. One idea that has been promoted for some time is the possibility to engineer Hamiltonians that can be mapped to space-times with black holes. This talks will shed some light on what that means, and use actual lattice models to explore how far this analogy carries. Going down this road will lead us to, optimistically speaking, a poor man's version of stimulated Hawking radiation. Liens : |
Andreas Kuhlmann (Basel University) | Détails Fermer |
A spin qubit in a fin field-effect transistor above 4K le mardi 04 mai 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum computing's greatest challenge is scaling up. Several decades ago, classical computers faced the same problem and a single solution emerged: very-large-scale integration using silicon. Today's silicon chips consist of billions of field-effect transistors (FinFETs) in which current flow along the fin-shaped channel is controlled by wrap-around gates. The semiconductor industry currently employs fins of sub-10 nm width, small enough for quantum applications: at low temperature, an electron or hole can be trapped under the gate and serve as a spin qubit. An attractive benefit of silicon's advantageous scaling properties is that quantum hardware and its classical control circuitry can be integrated in the same package. This, however, requires qubit operation at temperatures greater than 1 K where the cooling is sufficient to overcome the heat dissipation. Here, we demonstrate that a silicon FinFET is an excellent host for spin qubits that operate even above 4K. We achieve fast electrical control of hole spins with driving frequencies up to 150 MHz and single-qubit gate fidelities at the fault-tolerance threshold. The number of spin rotations before coherence is lost at these hot temperatures already matches or exceeds values on hole spin qubits at mK temperatures. While our devices feature both industry compatibility and quality, they are fabricated in a flexible and agile way to accelerate their development. This work paves the way towards large-scale integration of all-electrical and ultrafast spin qubits. Liens : |
Anastasia Gorbunova (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le lundi 03 mai 2021 à 10:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Peter Rickhaus (ETH Zurich) | Détails Fermer |
Devices with Engineered Correlated States in Moire Crystals le mardi 27 avril 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : When twisted to angles near 1 degre, graphene multilayers provide a new window on electron correlation physics by hosting gate-tuneable strongly-correlated states, including insulators, superconductors, and unusual magnets. I will report the discovery of a new member of the family(1), a correlated electron-hole state, in double bilayer graphene (2,3). This state can be viewed as a density wave state and is intimately linked to equilibrium exciton condensation and superfluidity. The correlated states in moiré materials can be tuned without introducing chemical dopants, thus opening the door to a new class of devices. I will show the successful realization of an exemplary device, a gate-defined Josephson Junction in magic angle twisted bilayer graphene (4). By using multilayer gate technology we define the superconducting and insulating regions of a Josephson junction (JJ) in a single-crystal and observe tunable DC and AC Josephson. This work is an initial step towards devices where gate-defined correlated states are connected in single-crystal nanostructures with applications in superconducting electronics and quantum information technology. (1) P.Rickhaus, F. K. De Vries, E. Portolés, G. Zheng, T. Taniguchi, K. Wantanabe, A. H. Macdonald, T. Ihn, and K. Ensslin, ArXiv:2005.05373 (2020). (2) F. K. de Vries, J. Zhu, E. Portolés, G. Zheng, M. Masseroni, A. Kurzmann, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, A. H. MacDonald, K. Ensslin, T. Ihn, and P. Rickhaus, PRL 125 (17) (3) P. Rickhaus, G. Zheng, J. L. Lado, Y. Lee, A. Kurzmann, M. Eich, R. Pisoni, C. Tong, R. Garreis, C. Gold, M. Masseroni, T. Taniguchi, K. Wantanabe, T. Ihn, and K. Ensslin, Nano Lett. 19, 8821 (2019). (4) F. K. de Vries, E. Portolés, G. Zheng, T. Taniguchi, K. Wantanabe, T. Ihn, K. Ensslin, and P. Rickhaus, arXiv:2011.00011, accepted in Nat. Nano Liens :Peter RickhausETH Zurich |
Aniket Rath (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Importance sampling of randomized measurements for probing entanglement le lundi 26 avril 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We show that combining randomized measurement protocols with importance sampling allows for characterizing entanglement in significantly larger quantum systems and in a more efficient way than in previous work. A drastic reduction of statistical errors is obtained using classical techniques of machine-learning and tensor networks using partial information on the quantum state. In present experimental settings of engineered many-body quantum systems this effectively doubles the (sub-)system sizes for which entanglement can be measured. In particular, we show an exponential reduction of the required number of measurements to estimate the purity of product states and GHZ states. Liens :LPMMC |
Williams Savero Torres (ICN2, Barcelona) | Détails Fermer |
“Spin orbit phenomena in graphene-based heterostructures le mardi 06 avril 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In the last years, van der Waals heterostructures have attracted an increasing attention due to their outstanding properties, resulting from combining different two dimensional materials in compact structures, that have led to the emergence of new phenomena not accesible in other platforms (1). Among them, graphene constitutes a promissing material for spintronics because it enables the transport of spin signals over larger distances compared to other systems (2). However, its low intrinsic spin-orbit coupling difficults spin signal manipulation, which has prevented the fast application of graphene for spintronic devices. In this seminar, I will describe two of our recent studies performed in graphene-based heterostructures, where we demonstrate that spin signals can be generated and manipulated by means of proximity effects induced by spin-orbit phenomena. In the first part, I will show how the imprinted spin texture in graphene interfaced with a transition metal dichalcogenide give rise to an anisotropic spin relaxation, where the spin lifetime for spins oriented out-of-plane is one order of magnitude larger than those oriented in-plane (3). In the second part, I will show how such proximity-induced effects can be used to generate spin signals in graphene that can also be controlled by electrical gatting with one of the highest efficiency reported to date at room temperature (4). These results provide the building blocks for development of ultra-compact devices made of two dimensional materials. (1) W. Savero Torres et al. MRS Bulletin 45(5), 357-365, (2020) (2) W. Savero Torres et al. 2D Mat. 4, 041008, (2017) (3) L. A. Benítez, J.F. Sierra, W. Savero Torres et al. Nat. Phys. 14, 303-308, (2018) (4) L. A. Benítez, W. Savero Torres et al. Nat. Mat. 19, 170-175, (2020) Liens :ICN2, Barcelona |
Matthieu Dartiailh (NYU) | Détails Fermer |
Phase Signature of Topological Transition in Josephson Junctions le mardi 30 mars 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Topological transition transforms common superconductivity into an exotic phase of matter, which holds promise for fault tolerant quantum computing. A hallmark of this transition is the emergence of Majorana states. While two dimensional semiconductor superconductor heterostructures are desirable platforms for topological superconductivity, direct phase measurements as the fingerprint of the underlying topological transition are conspicuously missing. On gate tunable Josephson junctions made on epitaxial Al InAs, we observe a closing and a reopening of the superconducting gap with increasing in plane magnetic field. Since our junctions are embedded into a phase sensitive SQUID, we are able to measure a pi jump in the superconducting phase across the junction coincident with the closing and reopening of the superconducting gap. Theoretical simulations confirm this transition is topological and compatible with the emergence of Majorana states while the magnetic field angle dependence of the transition further constrain this scenario. Remarkably, in each junction, this topological transition can be controlled by changing the gate voltage. These findings reveal versatile two dimensional platforms for scalable topological quantum computing. Liens : |
Clemens Winkelmann (Inst. Neel) | Détails Fermer |
Heat transport and thermopower in strongly coupled single quantum dot devices le mardi 23 mars 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We experimentally and theoretically investigate the thermoelectric properties of gate-tunable single-quantum dot junctions at milliKelvin temperatures, with particular focus on the strong tunnel coupling regime, Γ > k_BT. In the spin-1/2 Kondo regime of the quantum dot, we have observed that the Seebeck coefficient displays characteristic sign changes with varying temperature and level depth, in good agreement with numerical renormalization group calculations [1]. We then move to the question of heat transport across a single quantum level. While the heat conductance of a sequentially coupled single quantum level is expected to be uniformly equal to zero, we show both experimentally and theoretically, that the inclusion of cotunnelling effects leads to restoring a finite heat conductance [2]. [1] B. Dutta et al., Nano Lett. 19, 506 (2019). [2] B. Dutta et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 237701 (2020). Liens :Clemens WinkelmannInst. Neel |
Giovanni Pecci (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Spin fluctuations dynamics in harmonically trapped Fermi gases at strong interactions le lundi 22 mars 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We study the dynamics of a two spin component one-dimensional Fermi gas trapped in an harmonic potential. We focus on the strongly interacting regime, performing a perturbative analysis starting from the regime of infinite interactions, where the model can be solved exactly. In this regime, spin and density degrees of freedom decouple and evolve independently in time. We consider an out-of-equilibrium initial state where the spin up and spin down particles are spatially separated in the trap. In this case, the dynamics of the particle density is trivial, while the single-spin component densities oscillate in time. We address the dynamics in the spin sector, performing numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian for different number of particles and comparing the different frequencies of the spin oscillations. Liens :LPMMC |
Michele Filippone (CEA Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum simulation with solid-state quantum technologies : Observing many-body localization in a superconducting qubit array le mardi 16 mars 2021 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In this seminar, I will discuss how quantum technologies are now able to unveil and investigate novel fundamental phenomena by simulating interacting quantum systems. In particular, we will ask : Is it possible to harness and preserve the quantum coherent properties of many-body systems?This project seems doomed to fail, as interactions in many-body systems generally lead to ergodicity, namely the inevitable loss of quantum coherence and memory about initial conditions. Nevertheless, the recent discovery of many-body localization (MBL) – a generalization of Anderson localization in the presence of interactions – has shown the possibility to circumvent ergodicity. I will illustrate an experiment in which an array of superconducting qubits probes the exotic dynamics of interacting and disordered bosons (1). Relying on real-time and interferometric probes, I will discuss how we could observe and characterize the mechanism of MBL. (1) https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.06024 Liens : |
Jonathan Wise (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Near field versus far field in radiative heat transfer between two-dimensional metals le lundi 15 mars 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Using the standard fluctuational electrodynamics framework, we analytically calculate the radiative heat current between two thin metallic layers, separated by a vacuum gap. We analyse different contributions to the heat current (travelling or evanescent waves, transverse electric or magnetic polarization) and reveal the crucial qualitative role played by the dc conductivity of the metals. For poorly conducting metals, the heat current may be dominated by evanescent waves even when the separation between the layers greatly exceeds the thermal photon wavelength, and the coupling is of electrostatic nature. For well-conducting metals, the evanescent contribution dominates at separations smaller than the thermal wavelength and is mainly due to magnetostatic coupling, in agreement with earlier works on bulk metals. Liens :LPMMC |
Blagoje Oblak | Détails Fermer |
Berry phases and drift in the KdV equation le lundi 1er février 2021 à 10:30 |
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Résumé : I consider a model of fluid particle motion closely related to the Korteweg-de Vries equation governing shallow water dynamics. Using the reformulation of this model as a geodesic in an infinite-dimensional group, the drift velocity of particles is shown to be an ergodic rotation number, sensitive to Berry phases produced by adiabatic spatial deformations. Along the way, I show that the topology of coadjoint orbits of wave profiles affects drift in a dramatic manner: orbits that are not homotopic to a point yield quantized rotation numbers. These arguments rely on the general structure of Euler equations, suggesting the existence of other similar applications of infinite-dimensional geometry to nonlinear waves. |
Tommaso Comparin (ENS-Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
Quench Spectroscopy: Low-energy excitations from real-time quantum dynamics le lundi 25 janvier 2021 à 10:30 |
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Résumé : Experiments with quantum simulators (made of ultracold atoms, trapped ions, etc.) are not only a way to realize low-energy states of quantum matter, but they also offer an unprecedented set of tools to control and analyze quantum dynamics. For systems that are well isolated from their environment, such dynamics is fully determined by the many-body Hamiltonian. In our theoretical study we consider spin models with power-law couplings; for small systems we describe the dynamics exactly, while we employ the time-dependent Variational Monte Carlo technique to treat larger sizes. We first focus on Quench Spectroscopy, an approach to characterize low-energy excitations on top of the ground state. Starting from an uncorrelated state, spin-spin correlations appear and propagate during time evolution. Their spectral analysis (in momentum and frequency) shows signatures of low-energy excitations, like the quasiparticles described by linear spin waves. Quench Spectroscopy is an alternative to traditional spectroscopy approaches, as those implemented through inelastic neutron scattering or Bragg spectroscopy. As a second application, we look at the dynamical signatures of a subtle property of the energy spectrum, namely the presence of Anderson's tower of states. These states are connected to the eigenstates of a simpler model, consisting of a large-spin rigid rotor. We show how this link can be unveiled in the time evolution of collective spin variables, and how it gives us information about the generation of squeezing during the dynamics. Liens : |
Jan Behrends (Cambridge University) | Détails Fermer |
(Super)symmetries in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model le vendredi 22 janvier 2021 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model is an interaction-only toy model for quantum chaos, holography and non-Fermi liquids. In its simplest form, Majorana fermions interact via structureless all-to-all four-body interactions. In this talk, I will demonstrate that this system belongs to one of eight (real) Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classes set only by the number of Majorana fermions. We show that, depending on the symmetry class, the system may support exact many-body zero modes. These are manifestations of an intrinsic supersymmetry that requires no relations between couplings, in contrast to existing explicitly supersymmetric extensions of the model. The supersymmetry we uncover has a natural interpretation in terms of a one-dimensional topological phase supporting Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev boundary physics and has consequences away from the ground state, including in q-body dynamical correlation functions. Finally, I will briefly talk about a dynamical protocol based on Majorana zero modes that realize SYK physics. |
Tudor-Alexandru Petrescu (Université de Sherbrooke) | Détails Fermer |
Readout problem in circuit QED: drive-induced enhancement to the Purcell effect and other nonlinear relaxation mechanisms le lundi 18 janvier 2021 à 14:30 |
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Résumé : With current advances in state preparation, as well as gate and measurement operations, superconducting circuits are now a leading architecture for quantum information processing. As these systems are scaled up, strict requirements on the fidelity of operations required for computation and readout are imposed. In this talk we focus on the so-called “readout problem†in circuit quantum electrodynamics: several experiments have shown that qubit energy relaxation rates may become strongly dependent on the power of the measurement drive, even for moderate or weak drives; this hampers efforts to improve readout fidelity. To explain this, we devised a perturbation theory for driven-dissipative, weakly anharmonic, superconducting circuits based on a sequence of unitary transformations. Applied to a transmon qubit coupled to a readout resonator, this approach allows us to classify the nonlinear processes that enhance qubit relaxation in the presence of resonator photons. Among these, we are able to quantify changes to the Purcell rate, and to stimulated emission. Chiefly responsible for the dressing of relaxation rates are the counterrotating terms arising from the expansion of the Josephson potential, which are usually neglected in theories based on Kerr nonlinear oscillators. Time- permitting, we will discuss a general framework for quantizing driven superconducting circuits that arises from this study, with a concrete example in the accurate modeling of two-qubit gates. Liens :Université de Sherbrooke |
Adriano Angelone (ICTP Trieste) | Détails Fermer |
Strongly Correlated Systems of Bosons and Fermions: Many-body phenomena and Numerical Methods le lundi 11 janvier 2021 à 10:30 |
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Résumé : Many interesting physical phenomena are connected to strongly correlated systems, which, due to their complexity, cannot usually be studied analitically, making numerical approaches essential. The development of the latter and the study of the physical scenarios induced by strong correlations are therefore both of great importance: in my talk, I will present my results in the context of both these research directions. I will discuss my Path Integral Monte Carlo (MC) results about the equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium physics of a class of lattice bosonic models with extended-range interactions, relevant for experiments with cold Rydberg and Rydberg-dressed atoms, where exotic phenomena such as supersolid-supersolid transitions and (super)glass phases are induced by the formation of particle clusters in the medium- and strong-interaction regime. Furthermore, I will present my work on the ground-state properties of the fermionic t-J model, a candidate Hamiltonian to describe high-T_c superconductivity, in the presence of two mobile holes. Here, I employ Variational MC in conjunction with the Entangled Plaquette States (EPS) ansatz, a versatile and powerful trial wavefunction for the study of fermionic and frustrated many-body systems. My results confirm existing predictions with much higher accuracy and (unlike previously) to sizes large enough to approximate well the thermodynamic limit, and are foundational to prove the applicability of the EPS ansatz to other computationally challenging many-body problems. Liens : |
Pierre Nataf (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Numerical methods to investigate Heisenberg SU(N) lattice models le lundi 14 décembre 2020 à 10:30 |
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Résumé : Systems of multicolor fermions have recently raised considerable interest due to the pos-
sibility to experimentally study those systems on optical lattices with ultracold atoms [1].
To describe the Mott insulating phase of N-color fermions, one can start with the SU(N)
Heisenberg Hamiltonian. In the case of one particule per site, the SU(N) Heisenberg Hamiltonian takes the form of a Quantum permutation Hamiltonian H = J ∑〈ij〉Pij , where the
transposition operator Pij exchanges two colors on neighboring sites.
We have developped a method[2] to implement the SU(N) symmetry in an Exact Diagonalization algorithm. In particular, the method enables one to diagonalize the Hamiltonian
directly in the irreducible representations of SU(N), thanks to the use of standard Young
tableaux[3], which are shown to form a very convenient basis to diagonalize the problem. It
allowed us to prove that the ground state of the Heisenberg SU(5) model on the square lattice is long range color ordered [2] and it provided evidence that the phase of the Heisenberg SU (6) model on the Honeycomb lattice is a plaquette phase [4]. Finally, we have general-
ized the method to Density Matrix Renormalization Group [5] to numerically investigate the
generalizations of the Haldane conjectures to SU(N) spin chains [6,7].
References
Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (Weizmann) | Détails Fermer |
Partial dislocations in higher order topological insulators le vendredi 11 décembre 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Nonzero weak topological indices are thought to be a necessary condition to bind a single helical mode to a lattice dislocation. I will show that higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) can, in fact, host a single helical mode along screw or edge dislocations in the absence of weak topological indices. When this occurs, the helical mode is necessarily bound to a dislocation characterized by a fractional Burgers vector, macroscopically detected by the existence of a stacking fault. The robustness of a helical mode on a partial defect is demonstrated by an adiabatic transformation that restores translation symmetry in the stacking fault. Since partial defects and stacking faults are commonplace in bulk crystals, the existence of such helical modes can measurably affect the expected conductivity in these materials. Finally I will describe a general framework towards the classification of symmetry breaking defects based on symmetry representations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 266802 (2019) (arXiv:1809.03518) https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.00011 Liens : |
Sergeï Andreev (Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute) | Détails Fermer |
Pairing of dipolar bosons in semiconductor heterostructures le lundi 07 décembre 2020 à 10:30 |
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Résumé : Pairwise interaction of dipolar excitons has been argued to display the physics of a resonance on a quasi-discrete level. The discrete level (dipolar biexciton) is coupled to the continuum of states (unpaired excitons) by tunnelling through a potential barrier due to the dipolar repulsion. In this talk I will discuss implications of resonant interactions on the quantum collective behaviour of dipolar excitons and their polariton derivatives in 2D semiconductors. Besides dipolar supersolidity and generation of strongly-correlated photons, the dipolar excitons will also be shown to represent an appealing playground for investigation of the bosonic BCS-BEC transition under spin-orbit coupling. Liens : |
Côme Fontaine (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le lundi 16 novembre 2020 à 10:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Oleksandr Marchukov (Technische Universität Darmstadt) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 12 novembre 2020 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Dynamics of the non-Hermitian Kitaev chain le lundi 02 novembre 2020 à 10:30 |
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Résumé : We theoretically investigate the non-Hermitian dynamical topology of a driven-dissipative Kitaev
chain. For this, we have employed the third quantization formalism [1] to explore signatures of the
non-trivial topology in the time-evolution of the entanglement spectra. Liens : |
Riccardo Rossi (Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute) | Détails Fermer |
High-order renormalized perturbative approach for strongly-correlated fermions le lundi 19 octobre 2020 à 15:30 |
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Résumé : In this talk I show how perturbation theory can be turned into a viable computational approach for physical systems afflicted by the fermionic sign problem. This is accomplished by designing new numerical approaches to reach arbitrarly-high orders for the bare [1] and the renormalized [2] expansion. I discuss the results that I have obtained for the doped square-lattice Hubbard model in the pseudogap regime, and in frustrated lattices. Finally, I present the first unbiased diagrammatic computation in a broken-symmetry phase by discussing the s-wave superfluid transition in the spin-polarized cubic-lattice attractive Hubbard model. References
Liens :Riccardo RossiCenter for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Dynamics in presence of a non-linear Josephson bath le lundi 12 octobre 2020 à 10:30 |
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Résumé : Quantum open system theory has led to a very efficient description for the Markovian dynamics of small quantum systems weakly coupled to reservoirs at thermal equilibrium: the GKLS (or Lindblad) master equation. The method is well fitted for the case of a linear bath composed of a continuum of harmonic modes, e.g. the electro-magnetic vacuum. However, many complex systems of interest deviate from this picture (e.g. interacting and non-linear baths), and a description of the dynamics they induce on a small quantum system coupled to them is missing. Here we focus on the case of a weakly non-linear chain of Josephson junctions in the regime dominated by the capacitances and investigate its effect on a coupled qubit. We identify the conditions on the parameters of chains such that it induces a Markovian evolution on a small quantum system (e.g. a superconducting qubit or cavity). Surprisingly, we find that the evolution is Markovian at low temperature of the chain and becomes non-Markovian at higher temperature (i.e. the contrary of the case of a harmonic bath). In this high-temperature regime, the bath does not equilibrate fast such that the dynamics of the system cannot be captured by a conventional Lindblad equation. To pass this obstacle, we develop a method inspired from the quantum trajectory paradigm. In our approach, the qubit follows at each instant a Markovian (Lindblad) master equation conditioned on the charge configuration of the chain. The latter is not stable due to the inductive part of the Josephson junctions, but instead can jump at random times towards a neighbor configuration. Our approach brings new tools to investigate the dynamics of complex quantum systems. Liens : |
Irénée Frérot (ENS-Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
Probing quantum entanglement in many-body systems via inverse statistical methods of classical physics le mercredi 07 octobre 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum simulators and computers of intermediate scale, composed of a few tens of individual degrees of freedom, are currently being developed on various experimental platforms (e.g. trapped atoms or ions, superconducting qubits). In these systems, many-body entanglement represents the fundamental resource, allowing them to outperform their classical counterparts for specific tasks, but for the same reason also making their exact simulation by classical machines intractable. Proving that quantum entanglement is indeed present among the individual qubits is therefore a central task for certifying these devices. Such a certification has to rely on statistical correlations measured among the qubits (forming a certain data set), and on controlled assumptions about their internal working. However, today, no scalable method exists for proving that a generic data set is incompatible with a non-entangled state. In this talk, I will present a new approach, inspired by inverse problems of statistical physics and data science, to solve this major problem of quantum information science. Specifically, I will show that this problem is equivalent to building a certain classical model (e.g. an Ising model), whose equilibrium Boltzmann distribution fits the data set of interest -- or showing that no such classical model exists. I will introduce the general concept of entanglement witnesses (Bell's inequalities, EPR-steering criteria...), and show how solving inverse statistical problems leads to optimal, data-tailored entanglement witnesses. Most importantly, this can be achieved in a scalable way under generic assumptions, leveraging on scalable techniques of statistical physics (e.g. Monte-Carlo methods). Liens :Irénée FrérotENS-Lyon |
Denis Bénâtre (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Micro-cavity exciton-polaritons in a honeycomb lattice and Berry phase le mercredi 23 septembre 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Exciton-polaritons in a honeycomb lattice are studied theoretically and numerically. Such a system was chosen for its tunable properties compared to electronic graphene. After explaining briefly the concept of exciton-polaritons, I will review the model without polarization, as done by Nicolas Victorin in his PhD thesis and introduce the Berry phase in that case. Afterwards, I will present the model that takes polarization into account, and acknowledge its effects on the dispersion relation (Dirac cones) and the Berry phase. At the end, I will talk about how the Berry phase can be measured by interferometry. In the future, this study aims to understand how the Berry phase is modified as interactions between polaritons are turned on. Liens :LPMMC |
Alioscia Hamma | Détails Fermer |
Title: Quantum complexity, scrambling and black holes le mercredi 16 septembre 2020 à 15:30 |
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Résumé : What makes a quantum evolution complex? Can this complexity be characterized by (entanglement) Entropy? We argue that entropy is not just a number but there is a complexity of entanglement arising from a quantum evolution. Quantum complexity is connected to scrambling and the thermal behavior of black holes. We show that entanglement complexity is connected to the impossibility of realizing a unitary entropy pump (i.e., a freezer). We also study the transitions in complexity due to the doping of a quantum circuit by universal gates and show that the transition to complex entanglement can be obtained by just a single gate. Finally, we present a toy model for the realization of the fast scrambling conjecture as a model for a black hole. Liens : |
Konstantinos 9 septembre (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Exploring Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality sub-classes with exciton polariton Bose-Einstein condensates le mercredi 09 septembre 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We focus on the statistical properties of the phase of a condensate of one-dimensional exciton polaritons driven by incoherent pumping, whose large-distance and long-time properties belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class, the same which describes out-of- equilibrium interface growth. The spatial phase profile, which is flat without confinement, can be altered by a confining potential such that it acquires a local curvature in the bulk of the sample, thus realizing the analog of a curved interface. By using numerical simulations of the generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation with and without an external potential, we show that different KPZ universality sub-classes can be accessed. These are associated to the KPZ interface with different geometries, flat or curved, while sharing the same universal scaling properties. In particular, we show that the probability distribution of the condensate phase fluctuations are clearly distinct with and without the external potential and agree with great accuracy with the known theoretical results for KPZ: the Tracy-Widom distributions for the one-point statistics, and correlations of Airy processes for the two-point one in the two cases, although only locally for the curved case. This study promotes the exciton-polariton system as a compelling platform to investigate KPZ universal properties. Liens :LPMMC |
Marcello Dalmonte (ICTP Trieste) | Détails Fermer |
Exploring weak- and strong-ergodicity breaking with lattice gauge theories le mercredi 17 juin 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk, I will present two applications of lattice gauge theories in the study of ergodicity-breaking in low-dimensional statistical mechanics models. The first example concerns the recent observation of anomalously slow dynamics in atom arrays, where ground state atoms are laser-coupled to Rydberg s-states. I will discuss how the constrained dynamics describing such systems is exactly equivalent to the lattice Schwinger model - quantum electrodynamics in one-dimension - in the presence of a topological angle. Beyond serving as demonstration of the first large-scale quantum simulation of a gauge theory, this connection enables an immediate interpretation of the observed dynamics as string inversion. Based on this, I will describe a generic phenomenological framework capturing such slow dynamics basic on simple field theoretical insights, relating this to ‘weak-ergodicity-breaking’, and discuss immediately available extensions in more than one-dimension. The second example concerns instead ergodic-non-ergodic transitions in the context of disorder quantum systems. I will present a numerical analysis of the spectral properties of Abelian lattice gauge theories in one-dimension, and discuss how those are sharply different from spin models without local symmetries (such as the Heisenberg model). In particular, the concomitant effect of Coulomb law and disorder leads to sharp signatures of non-ergodic behavior, depicting a very different scenario from the one observed in 1D and debated in a series of recent works. The talk is based on: arXiv:1902.09551 arXiv:1912.09403 arXiv:2003.11073 Liens : |
MISSING ( Microsoft Station Q) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mardi 16 juin 2020 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
Aniket Rath et Pierrick (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mercredi 10 juin 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Aniket Rath : Liens :LPMMC |
Thomas Bouillaud et Pierrick (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Microwave spectroscopy of a dissipative quantum phase transition in Josephson Junctions le mercredi 03 juin 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Liens :LPMMC |
Romuald Fournis le (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
QED corrections to the Electromagnetic Abraham force in heavy atoms le jeudi 28 mai 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Liens :LPMMC |
Nicolas Bobba et Denis (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mercredi 27 mai 2020 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Denis Basko (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Superconductor-insulator transition in Josephson junction chains by Quantum Monte-Carlo le mercredi 13 mai 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : To connect to the conference room, follow the link
https://webconf.math.cnrs.fr/b/ros-wfz-jt4 select "Microphone" and perform the test. That's all.
Liens :LPMMC |
Ivan Amelio (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Theory of the coherence of low dimensional and topological lasers le mercredi 29 avril 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We discuss fundamental aspects of the coherence of large but finite laser arrays in low dimensions (aka non-equilibrium quasi-condenstates). We first focus on 1D chains of laser resonators and study the relation between Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality and the Schawlow-Townes-like linewidth, which arises as a finite size effect. We then apply these results to investigate the coherence of the edge mode lasing of a 2D Harper-Hofstadter topological laser. Liens :LPMMC |
Giovanni Pecci (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Mesoscopic analysis of pairing mechanism in BCS-BEC crossover le mercredi 22 avril 2020 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Nicolas Rougerie (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Wigner crystallization in special space dimensions le mercredi 15 avril 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : One of the most fundamental questions in science is crystallization: the tendency of interacting objects to arrange in periodic structures, e.g. Bravais lattices. Most basically one can consider classical point particles in their ground state, energy minimizing configuration. In this talk we focus on "Wigner crystallization": interactions between particles are purely repulsive and the overall density is fixed. That the ground state is crystalline in the physically relevant space dimensions 2 and 3 is true beyond any reasonable doubt, but a proof or even (to my knowledge) a reasonable theoretical explanation is still missing. I will report on a recent mathematical breakthrough (due to Cohn-Kumar-Miller-Radchenko-Viazovska, NOT to me): a rigorous proof of Wigner crystallization in the special space dimensions 8 and 24. This may sound physically irrelevant but, besides the beautiful mathematics involved, this is as far as I am concerned one of the most convincing theoretical indications backing the reality of crystallization. Liens :LPMMC |
Bart van Tiggelen (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Open Access of Publications and Plan S in Europe le mercredi 08 avril 2020 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (Center for Quantum Phenoma, NYU) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
Phase Signature of Topological Transition in Josephson Junctions le mardi 31 mars 2020 à 14:00 |
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Annulé
Liens : |
Anastasia Gorbunova (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Spatio-temporal correlations in turbulence le mercredi 25 mars 2020 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Amit Vashisht (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Polariton-Polariton interaction strength in MoSe2 monolayer le mercredi 18 mars 2020 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (University of Turku (Finland)) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
Heat current and energy reactance in a driven quantum system le mardi 17 mars 2020 à 14:00 |
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Annulé
Liens : |
Jean-Damien Pillet (Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (Ecole Polytechnique)) | Détails Fermer |
Guiding Dirac Fermions in Graphene with a Carbon Nanotube le mardi 10 mars 2020 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Relativistic massless charged particles in a two-dimensional conductor can be guided by a one-dimensional electrostatic potential, in an analogous manner to light guided by an optical fiber. In this seminar, I will present how we use a carbon nanotube to generate such a guiding potential in graphene and create a single mode electronic waveguide. In our architecture, the nanotube and graphene are separated by a few nanometers and can be controlled and measured independently. As we charge the nanotube close to the surface of graphene, we observe in the latter the formation of a single guided mode that we detect using the same nanotube as a probe. I will discuss why the small dimensions of the nanotube and the linear dispersion relation of Dirac fermions gives these electronic waveguides promising characteristics for potential applications. I will also show that, in presence of magnetic field, our electronic waveguides host discrete electronic levels resembling Landau levels of 2D Dirac particles but with no C-symmetric counterpart, i.e. they exist only for one sign of energy, positive or negative, depending on the voltage applied on the nanotube. This unusual behavior is a generic signature of Dirac surface states, which are predicted to be protected to a great extent to surface disorder. Ref: Austin Cheng, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Philip Kim, and Jean-Damien Pillet Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 216804 (2019) Liens : |
Alessandro Olgiati (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Stability of the Laughlin phase against long-range interactions le mercredi 19 février 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The Laughlin wave function is at the basis of the current understanding of the fractional quantum Hall effect, nevertheless, many of its fundamental properties are yet to be understood. I will present a model for its response, within Laughlin's ansatz, to variations of the external potential and of the long-range part of the interparticle interaction. Our main result is that the minimal energy within Laughlin's approximation is asymptotically attained, in the large particle number limit, by states exhibiting uncorrelated quasi-holes on top of the Laughlin wave function. This is a joint project with Nicolas Rougerie. Liens : |
Steeve Cronenberger (Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (Montpellier)) | Détails Fermer |
Spatio-temporal spin noise spectroscopy le mardi 18 février 2020 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In experimental measurements the noise is not necessarily a complication and from it one can extract valuable information regarding its sources. Spin noise spectroscopy (SNS) is a powerful technique to get information about dynamics of various systems (atomic gases, conduction electrons, localized states in semiconductors…) based on their spin fluctuations. As powerful as the technique is, SNS only addresses time spin correlations, but not spatial correlations. Thus valuable informations on spin transport or many-body spin interactions are missed. In this seminar, I shall start with an introduction to SNS from the principles to applications. Then I will present recent advances we made in developing an all-optical probe of spatiotemporal spin fluctuations based on a new SNS approach (1). This new technique gives access to spatial correlations and spin motion. We thus investigated electron spin dynamics in CdTe by measuring simultaneously the electron spin relaxation rate and the spin diffusion constant. In addition, the sensitivity of the SNS allows us to observe the effect of the local nuclear field on the evolution of the electron spin and to estimate the electron spin correlation time on a given donor site. We then face to an unprecedented puzzle we hope to solve. (1) S. Cronenberger, C. Abbas, D. Scalbert and H.Boukari, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 017401 (2019) Liens : |
Tanay Nag | Détails Fermer |
Floquet generation of higher order topological phases and its quenching dynamics le vendredi 14 février 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Higher order topological (HOT) states, hosting topologically protected modes on lower-dimensional boundaries, such as hinges and corners, have recently extended the realm of the static topological phases. We here demonstrate the possibility of realizing a two-dimensional emph{Floquet} second-order topological insulator, featuring corner localized zero quasienergy modes and characterized by quantized Floquet qudrupolar moment $Q^{Flq}_{xy}=0.5$, by periodically kicking a quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI) with a discrete four-fold (C4) and time-reversal (T) symmetry breaking mass perturbation. We also demonstrate the generation of a series of higher order topological phase in 3D originated due to Floquet driving with appropriate perturbation. In parallel, we analyze the dynamics of a corner mode after a sudden quench, when the C4 and T symmetry breaking perturbation is switched off, and find that the corresponding survival probability displays periodic appearances of complete, partial and no revival for long time, encoding the signature of corner modes in a QSHI. Our protocol is sufficiently general to explore the territory of dynamical HOT phases in insulators (electrical and thermal) and gapless systems. Liens : |
Jonathan Wise | Détails Fermer |
The role of disorder in plasmon-assisted near-field heat transfer between two-dimensional metals le mercredi 12 février 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We perform a theoretical study of the near-field heat transfer between two atomically thin metallic layers, isolated galvanically but coupled by the Coulomb interaction, within the framework of fluctuational electrodynamics in the Coulomb limit. We clarify the role of disorder and spatial dispersion, and identify several distinct regimes of the heat transfer. We find that the plasmon contribution to the heat current is suppressed both in the clean and diffusive limits, but dominates in a parametrically wide crossover region at sufficiently high temperatures. In the diffusive limit, the heat transfer can be qualitatively modelled by an effective circuit theory. Liens : |
Cécile Repellin (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Magnetism and quantum anomalous Hall effect in twisted bilayer graphene le mercredi 05 février 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Recent experiments have established that moire graphene materials are a platform for several many-body phenomena, including correlated insulators, superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and a (quantized) anomalous Hall effect. In this talk, I will focus on the last two phenomena, which have been observed when conduction and valence bands are nearly flat and are separated by a single-particle gap. This is for example the case in magic angle twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) when one of the graphene layers is aligned with its hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) substrate. After explaining the origin of its peculiar band structure, I will turn to the strong interaction regime. I will provide analytical and numerical evidence for spin and valley polarization in these systems at integer filling of the active band. Using the results of exact diagonalization, I will discuss the stability of this 'flat-band ferromagnet' upon increasing the bandwidth. The nearly flat conduction band of TBG aligned with hBN has a Chern number C=1; can it also host a fractional quantum Hall state (without a magnetic field) at fractional filling? Using exact diagonalization results, I will show that these topologically ordered states may indeed emerge in twisted bilayer graphene, albeit with a spin polarization different from what is expected in usual quantum Hall systems. Liens : |
Vishal Ranjan (Quantronics group, SPEC, Universite Paris-Saclay) | Détails Fermer |
High sensitivity quantum-limited electron spin resonance le mardi 04 février 2020 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In a conventional electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer based on the inductive detection method, the paramagnetic spins precess in an external magnetic field radiating weak microwave signals into a resonant cavity which are subsequently amplified and measured. Despite its widespread use, ESR spectroscopy has limited sensitivity, and large amounts of spins are necessary to accumulate sufficient signal. Most conventional ESR spectrometers operate at room temperature and employ three-dimensional cavities. At X-band, they require approximately 10^13 spins to obtain sufficient signal in a single echo (1). Enhancing this sensitivity to smaller spin ensembles and eventually the single spin limit is highly desirable. Exploiting recent progress in circuit-quantum electrodynamics, we have combined high quality factor superconducting micro-resonators and noise-less Josephson Parametric Amplifiers to perform ESR spectroscopy at millikelvin temperatures, reaching a new regime where the sensitivity is limited by the quantum fluctuations of the microwave field. Quantum fluctuations of the field also affect directly the spin dynamics via Purcell effect : spin relaxation occurs dominantly by spontaneous emissions of microwave photons. Based on these principles (2-4), we first show an unprecedented measurement sensitivity of about 10 spins per squareroot Hz for unit SNR in an inductive-detection ESR with an ensemble of Bismuth donors in Silicon (5). This high sensitivity enables us to characterize the coherence properties of an ensemble of donors in close proximity (approx. 50 − 100 nm) to the silicon surface, with spatial resolution. We identify surface magnetic and electric noise as the main decoherence sources in our device. At the so-called "clock transition", the coherence time approaches 1s, which is the longest reported for an electron spin close to a surface (6).
(1) A. Schweiger and G. Jeschke, Principles of pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (Oxford University Press, 2001).
Liens : |
James L. Crowley (Grenoble Institut Polytechnique, Univ. Grenoble-Alps, Chair on Intelligent Collaborative Systems) | Détails Fermer |
Artificial Intelligence: A Rupture Technology for Scientific Research? le vendredi 31 janvier 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The Turing test defines intelligence as human-level performance at interaction. After more than 50 years of research, Machine Learning has provided an enabling technology for constructing intelligent systems with abilities at or beyond human level for interaction with people, with systems, and with the world. Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a rupture technology for many areas of engineering science, as well as industrial, societal and commercial innovation. But can AI provide a new tool for modeling and understanding natural phenomena? In this talk I will review of recent progress in Machine Learning, and examine how these technologies change the kind of systems that we can build. Starting with a summary of the multi-layer perceptron and back propagation, I will describe how massive computing power combined with planetary scale data and the world wide web have created the rupture technology known as deep learning. I will discuss common architectures, and review recent advances such as Generative Adversarial Networks, Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Computing. I will describe how these technologies can be used to build systems for collaborative assistance and discuss open problems concerning explainable, verifiable, and trustworthy artificial intelligence. Liens : |
Anastasia Gorbunova (LPMMC et LEGI) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mercredi 29 janvier 2020 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
Carlo Pagani (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Scalar turbulence, anomalous scaling, and the functional renormalization group le mercredi 22 janvier 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : After briefly reviewing scaling arguments in turbulence, we study the scaling properties of a scalar field advected by a random Gaussian velocity field (the Kraichnan model). We analyze the symmetries of the model and derive its scaling properties in a field theoretic formalism by renormalizing composite operators and by applying the operator product expansion in the framework of the functional renormalization group. Finally, we discuss how to study the spatio-temporal correlation functions within the proposed framework. Liens : |
Vyacheslavs Kashcheyevs (University of Latvia) | Détails Fermer |
Continuous-variable tomography of on-demand ballistic electrons le mardi 21 janvier 2020 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Individual electrons in semiconductors circuits that can either be confined to quantum dots or guided ballistically along nanowire edges form an exciting quantum technology platform being actively developed for applications in metrology, quantum sensing and quantum information transfer. Precision of electron counting is rivalling most precise conventional measurements of small currents in ongoing progress towards direct realisation of the quantum ampere in the redefined SI. Availability of on-demand electron sources has enabled chip-level collider and tomography experiments aimed to develop a full toolkit for a few-electron quantum optics. We discuss a recently proposed and implemented quantum tomography technique for solitary electrons propagating in a chiral edge state in a depleted region of a two-dimensional quantum Hall system. Quasi-probability distribution of complementary continuous variables — arrival time and energy — is accessed by measuring probabilities of scattering from a time-dependent energetically sharp gate-controlled barrier. Wigner distribution is recovered from the spectrum of projections at different modulation speeds using standard techniques of tomographic imaging. We resolve a chirp in the energy of electrons emitted on demand from a tuneable barrier pump, and put a lower bound on the quantum coherence of the source. Liens : |
Floris Braakman (University of Basel) | Détails Fermer |
Ultrafast and electrically tunable coherent operations of hole spin qubits le mardi 14 janvier 2020 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The spin state of single holes in Ge- and Si-based one-dimensional nanostructures can be used to encode a qubit with unique functionality. Such hole spin qubits potentially combine all-electrical control, ultrahigh clock speeds and small device sizes, promising a level of control that goes beyond that of conventional electron spin qubits. In particular, the spin-orbit interaction of holes in Ge/Si core-shell nanowires is predicted to be both very strong and electric field tunable. Such electrical tunability would enable to switch spin-orbit interaction either on, enabling fast quantum operations, or off, leading to improved coherence times. In recent experiments, we have demonstrated the presence of this strong spin-orbit interaction and have used it to show record spin qubit Rabi frequencies exceeding 400 MHz and entering the regime of strong driving. Furthermore, we find the Rabi oscillation frequency as well as the g-factor to be highly tunable through small changes in gate voltages, indicating electrical control over the spin-orbit interaction strength. These measurements demonstrate the viability of hole spin qubits in one-dimensional Ge- and Si-based nanodevices as a platform for the implementation of fast and scalable quantum computation. Liens : |
Oleksandr Marchukov | Détails Fermer |
Quantum fluctuations and uncertainty relations in NLS solitons and breathers le mercredi 08 janvier 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We consider the quantum fluctuations of the macroscopic variables associated with a breather, a second-order soliton solution of nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Linearizing the evolution of the bosonic quantum field around the Bose condensate in a breather state, we express the quantum fluctuations of the macroscopic variables through the fluctuations of the full quantum field. We compare two models for the state of the quantum field of fluctuations surrounding the classical field of the Bose-Einstein condensate: a conventionally used "white noise" and a correlated noise which assumes that the breather has been created from a fundamental soliton, by means of the application of the factor-of-four quench of the nonlinearity strength. We evaluate the initial quantum uncertainties of the macroscopic parameters and their time evolution. This approach is well suited for the description of Bose gas with large number of atoms and suggests the possibility for experimental observation of macroscopic quantum fluctuations. Liens : |
Sergio Ciliberto (ENS Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
A protocol for reaching equilibrium arbitrary fast le mardi 07 janvier 2020 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : When a control parameter of a system is suddenly changed, the accessible phase space changes too and the system needs its characteristic relaxation time to reach the final equilibrium distribution. An important and relevant question is whether it is possible to travel from an equilibrium state to another in an arbitrary time, much shorter than the natural relaxation time. Such strategies are reminiscent of those worked out in the recent field of Shortcut to Adiabaticity, that aim at developing protocols, both in quantum and in classical regimes, allowing the system to move as fast as possible from one equilibrium position to a new one, provided that there exist an adiabatic transformation relating the two. Proof of principle experiments have been carried out for isolated systems. Instead in open system the reduction of the relaxation time, which is frequently desired and necessary, is often obtained by complex feedback processes. In this talk, we present a protocol, named Engineered Swift Equilibration (ESE), that shortcuts time-consuming relaxations, We tested experimentally this protocol on a Brownian particle trapped in an optical potential first and then on an AFM cantilever. We show that applying a specific driving, one can reach equilibrium in an arbitrary short time. We also estimate the energetic cost to get such a time reduction. The ESE method paves the way for applications in micro and nano devices, in high speed AFM, or in monitoring mesoscopic chemical or biological process.
References: Liens : |
Loic Herviou (KTH Stockholm) | Détails Fermer |
Bulk-edge correspondence for non-Hermitian Hamiltonians:singular-value decomposition and entanglement spectrum le mardi 07 janvier 2020 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Non-Hermitian systems are known to present a breakdown of the traditional bulk-boundary correspondence, with open and periodic systems that can have distinct phase diagrams. The correspondence can be completely restored by considering the Hamiltonian's singular value decomposition instead of its eigendecomposition. This leads to a natural topological description in terms of a flattened singular decomposition. This description is equivalent to the usual approach for Hermitian systems and coincides with a recent proposal for the classification of non-Hermitian systems. We also propose several generalizations of the notion of the entanglement spectrum to non-Hermitian systems, and show how it can capture either capture the true edge physics or (partially) verify standard bulk-edge correspondence. Liens : |
Philippe Jacquod (HES-SO (Haute Ecole Spécialisée de Suisse Occidentale), Suisse) | Détails Fermer |
The key player problem in complex oscillator networks and electric power grids le vendredi 20 décembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In network theory, two issues of central importance are (i) how to assess the global robustness of a network-coupled system and (ii) how to identify its local vulnerabilities. The second issue is related to the historical and fundamental problem of identifying the key player. That may be for instance the player who, once removed, leads to the biggest changes in the other player’s activity in game theory, or to the biggest structural change in a social network. That problem has been tackled with the introduction of graph-theoretic descriptors, in particular centrality indices. Additionally, centralities averaged over the whole system provide a global indicator of how tightly bound a network is, which helps in dealing with the first issue. The purely graph theoretic, centrality-based approach cannot be straightforwardly applied to deterministic network-coupled dynamical systems. Assessing such a network’s global robustness and identifying its most critical components must go beyond computing graph centralities and needs to incorporate the coupling dynamics into account. In my talk I will discuss methods recently developed to deal with these two issues in physical network-coupled dynamical systems. The talk will survey a number of already obtained results and present a tentative discussion of future challenges. Reference: M. Tyloo, L. Pagnier, P. Jacquod, "The key player problem in complex oscillator networks and electric power grids: Resistance centralities identify local vulnerabilities", Science Advances 5, eaaw8359 (2019) Liens :Philippe Jacquod |
Natasha Perkins (University of Minnesota) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
The pursuit of fractionalized excitations in Kitaev Materials le jeudi 19 décembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Annulé
Liens :Natasha Perkins |
Maxim Kharitonov (University of Würzburg) | Détails Fermer |
Universality and stability of the edge states of chiral-symmetric topological semimetals and surface states of the Luttinger semimetal le vendredi 13 décembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We theoretically demonstrate that the chiral structure of the nodes of nodal semimetals is responsible for the existence and universal local properties of the edge states in the vicinity of the nodes. We perform a general analysis of the edge states for an isolated node of a 2D semimetal, protected by chiral symmetry and characterized by the topological winding number N. We derive the asymptotic chiral-symmetric boundary conditions and find that there are N et 1 universal discrete classes of them. The class determines the numbers of flat-band edge states on either side off the node in the 1D spectrum and the winding number N gives the total number of edge states. We then show that the edge states of chiral nodal semimetals are robust: they persist in a finite-size stability region of parameters of chiral-asymmetric terms. This significantly extends the notion of 2D and 3D topological nodal semimetals. We demonstrate that the Luttinger model with a quadratic-node for j=3/2 electrons (Luttinger semimetal) is a 3D topological semimetal in this new sense and predict that alpha-Sn, HgTe, possibly Pr2Ir2O7, and many other semimetals described by it are topological and exhibit surface state. Reference: M. Kharitonov, J.-B. Mayer, and E. M. Hankiewicz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 266402 (2017). Liens : |
Daniel Hernangómez Pérez (University of Regensburg) | Détails Fermer |
Aspects of topology in organic quantum wires le vendredi 06 décembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In the past forty years, polyacetylene molecular wires have attracted a long-standing interest: these wires support propagation of topological domain-wall states, so-called solitons, which provide a paradigm for spin-charge separation. Recent experimental developments have shown that individual polyacetylene chains can be synthesized on metallic substrates. Motivated by this breakthrough, we propose a way for chemically supported “soliton-design†in these systems. We demonstrate how to control the soliton position and how to read-it out by electrical means. This provides a step toward functional electronic devices based on soliton manipulation, i.e. solitonics. |
Robert Withney (LPMMC Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
A non-equilibrium system as a demon le vendredi 29 novembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A Maxwell demon is a creature (or machine) that reduces the entropy of a system without performing any work on it. It performs this apparent violation the second-law of thermodynamics through the intricate action of measuring individual particles and subsequently performing feedback. Bennett (building on work of Landauer) argued that the second-law is restored once one takes into account the fact that information recorded by the demon is a physical resource like heat or work. Here we show that much simpler setups can also act as demons: we demonstrate that it is sufficient to exploit a non-equilibrium distribution to seemingly break the second law of thermodynamics. No particle-by-particle measurement or feedback is necessary. We call this an N-demon (with the "N" for non-equilibrium), and show that it can reduce the entropy of a system without doing work or exchanging heat with that system. We then show that the second-law is restored by treating ``non-equilibrium'' as a physical resource like heat, work or information. We propose both an electronic and an optical implementation of this phenomenon, realizable with current technology. These examples make it clear that the non-equilibrium distribution can be classical or quantum in nature. Ref: Rafael Sánchez, Janine Splettstoesser, Robert S. Whitney, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett. Eprint - arXiv:1811.02453 Liens : |
Benoit Vermersch (LPMMC, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Probing and verifying quantum simulators and quantum computers with randomized measurements le mardi 26 novembre 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Randomized measurements have emerged as a new tool to probe quantum simulators and quantum computers beyond standard observables. In this talk, I will describe the framework of our randomized measurement protocols that can measure entanglement, out-of-time-ordered correlations, and many-body topological invariants. I will also show some experimental results (Collaboration with the group of Rainer Blatt, IQOQI Innsbruck). Liens : |
Sergej Moroz (TU Munich) | Détails Fermer |
Confined phases of fermions coupled to Z2 gauge fields le vendredi 22 novembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : After briefly summarizing my long-term interest in quantum physics of low-dimensional spinless fermions that attract each other, I will present our recent study of a quantum many-body lattice system of one-dimensional fermions interacting with a dynamical Z2 gauge field. The gauge field mediates long-range attraction between fermions resulting in their confinement into bosonic dimers. At strong coupling we developed an exactly solvable effective theory of such dimers with emergent constraints. I will show that even at a generic coupling and fermion density, the model can be rewritten as a local spin 1/2 chain and forms a Luttinger liquid. In a finite chain we observed the doubling of the period of Friedel oscillations which paves the way towards experimental detection of confinement in this system. Finally, I will also discuss the possibility of a Mott phase at the commensurate filling 2/3, connection to quantum scars and our plans to extend this study to two spatial dimensions in pursuit of exotic p-wave superfluidity. Liens :Sergej Moroz |
Théotime Girardot (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Average field approximation for almost bosonic anyons in a magnetic field le mercredi 20 novembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Pierre Nataf (LPMMC, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Superradiant Quantum Phase transition in Rashba Cavity QED le mardi 19 novembre 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), the interaction between an atomic transition and the cavity field is measured by the vacuum Rabi frequency omega_0. The regime with omega_0 comparable to the two-level transition frequency is called the ultrastrong coupling regime. In such a regime, and for a large number of atoms coupled to the same cavity mode, a superradiant quantum phase transitions (SQPT) has been predicted, e.g. within the Dicke model. In this theoretical seminar, I will briefly describe the SQPT at equilibrium, discuss the experimental context, and present our recent proposal where a 2DEG with Rashba spin-orbit coupling placed inside an optical cavity can exhibit the SQPT. Ref: P. Nataf, T. Champel, G. Blatter, and D. M. Basko, Rashba cavity qed: a route towards the superradiant quantum phase transition, arXiv:1907.02938 (2019) Liens : |
CPTGA 15 novembre (Café (Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences) | Détails Fermer |
Properties of open quantum graphs and microwave networks le vendredi 15 novembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We will discuss interesting properties of open quantum graphs and microwave
networks [1]. We will demonstrate that there exist graphs which do not obey the Weyl’s law
N(R) = LR/Ï€ et O(1), where O(1) is a function which for R going to infinity is bounded by a
constant. The Weyl’s law directly links the counting function N(R) of the number of
resonances with the square root of energy k, 0 Liens : |
Olivier Coquand (German Aerospace Center, Cologne) | Détails Fermer |
Dynamics of granular fluids le mercredi 06 novembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Granular fluids are omnipresent in our everyday life, from the physics of geological phenomena to food processing. However, very few theoretical models are able to provide reliable predictions for these systems in density ranges close to those encountered on Earth. In this seminar, I will discuss how the combination of the mode-coupling theory, and the integration through transients formalism can be used to describe granular flows at moderate densities (close to the transition to the amorphous solid state). On the particular example of a planar shear flow, the results of this model will be compared to the phenomenological laws of the so-called mu(I) rheology known from experiments Liens : |
Srijit Goswami (TUDelft) | Détails Fermer |
Developing InSb quantum wells as a platform for topological superconductivity le mardi 05 novembre 2019 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
thèse de Nicolas Victorin (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Multi-component Gauge Dependent Quantum Gases le vendredi 18 octobre 2019 à 10:00 |
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Riccardo Rossi (Flatiron Insitute, Smons Foundation, New York) | Détails Fermer |
New Routes Up the Strongly-Correlated Mountain le jeudi 17 octobre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Gerbold Menard (SPEC, CEA, Université Paris Saclay) | Détails Fermer |
Two-terminal conductance measurements in Majoranas SAG nanowires le mardi 15 octobre 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Majorana quasiparticles have generated years of intense research following the first observation of zero-bias anomalies in semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures [1] due to the promises they hold in the field of quantum computing. However, despite these efforts, definitve proofs of the topological nature of these excitations are still being sought after. In particular, one of the most significative prediction for Majorana fermions is that the zero-bias anomalies are to be found at both sides of a wire. Performing a simultaneous conductance measurements at both sides of a wire would be a significative step forward allowing us to verify this theoretical prediction. Unfortunately, usual InAs nanowires are grown on a substrate before being transferred onto another chip before being processed, which prevents from defining a well-defined electrical ground without defects in the center of the wire. An alternative to these standing wires are the so-called SAG [2] (selective area growth) wires that grow directly on a chip that can be directly processed and can be connected electronically through the epitaxial Al thin film deposited in MBE. Using this technique, we realized three-terminals nanowire structures allowing us to probe both sides of the same wire simultaneously [3,4]. In this presentation, I will discuss the advantage of this SAG wires and present results we obtained in these systems in relation to topological signatures as well as future possible developments using this technique.
[1] V. Mourik et al., Science 336, 1003 (2012)
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thèse de Davide Squizzato (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Exploring Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class: from the dynamics of exciton-polariton condensates to stochastic interface growth with temporally correlated noise le mercredi 09 octobre 2019 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
phase slips in one-dimensional superconductors (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum phase slips in one-dimensional superconductors le mercredi 02 octobre 2019 à 14:00 |
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MISSING (Université de Rochester) | Détails Fermer |
Thermodynamics in presence of quantum measurements le mercredi 25 septembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Much progress has been done recently in identifying the consequences of quantum mechanics on thermodynamics. One of the key differences with classical systems is the disturbance induced by quantum measurement on the measured object. This effect is accompanied with energy and entropy changes of the measured system. Consequently, quantum measurement can be considered a thermodynamic resource, and can be used e.g. to fuel quantum engines or refrigerators with no classical analogues. Such engines have different constraints than thermal engines, and can e.g. reach unit efficiency at non-zero power in certain limits. Due to the intimate link between decoherence and measurement, this approach gives new tracks to understand the thermodynamic constraints on quantum protocols, such that quantum computation algorithms. Liens :Université de Rochester |
Cyril Elouard (University of Rochester) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum signatures in the heat flow: the case of the fluorescence of a driven two-level atom le mardi 24 septembre 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : A lot of attention was devoted recently to understand the differences between the thermodynamic behavior of classical and quantum systems, and design engines exploiting these differences. One fundamental difficulty to characterize energy transfers in the quantum world is the existence of coherent superpositions of state of different energies. The impact of this property can be investigated by looking at the minimal example of a two-level atom driven quasi-resonantly and in contact with a thermal bath. The driving continuously induces coherences in the energy eigenbasis of the free qubit, which is also the eigenbasis of the state realizing thermal equilibrium with the bath. Consequently, the atom reaches a steady-state which is out-of-equilibrium in a genuinely quantum way. The continuous decoherence induced by the bath is associated with a quantum contribution to the total heat flow provided by the bath which can be interpreted as the energy cost to erase coherences. Identifying allows to derive a quantum version of the first and second law taking into account the presence of coherences, and allowing to study important unsolved problems like the characterization of the energy transfers occuring during a quantum measurement, or the evaluation of the cost required to operate a quantum computer. Liens : |
Pierre-Olivier Guimond (IQOQI, Innsbruck) | Détails Fermer |
Chiral quantum optics with atomic arrays and superconducting circuits le jeudi 19 septembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : As the size and complexity of quantum processors increase, the ability to route quantum information between distant components in a reliable and controllable way becomes a necessity. In most experiments with superconducting circuits, this task is taken care of by ferrite junction circulators; however, as these devices are bulky and use large magnetic fields, they are not suitable for on-chip integration and new, scalable alternative must be developed in the near future. In this talk I will present the design of a passive integrated architecture for realizing on-chip photon routing. In contrast to other recent proposals, our scheme does not rely on breaking time-reversal symmetry; rather, the collective emission of pairs of superconducting artificial atoms in a microwave transmission line is engineered such that orthogonal atomic transitions spontaneously emit and absorb photons propagating in opposite directions. I will show how the resulting cascaded interactions between distant atoms can be exploited to passively probe and measure programmable many-body operators, which will be illustrated with the generation and manipulation of the toric code. Finally, I will discuss how some of these results can be translated to the optical domain for cold atom experiments, and, in particular, show that photon routing can be realized in free-space with defect-free atomic arrays. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Un niveau quantique discret fortement couplé à un continuum avec une structure de bandes le mercredi 18 septembre 2019 à 14:30 |
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Gernot Schaller (TU Berlin) | Détails Fermer |
A strong-coupling approach to electronic quantum transport le mardi 17 septembre 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The reaction-coordinate mapping is a way of redefining the boundary between system and reservoir that allows to treat limits inaccessible with standard approaches. It is implemented by identifying collective reservoir degrees of freedom and including them -- at the level of the Hamiltonian -- into a redefined system. In particular regimes, this enlarged system can then be treated with standard methods. Within the context of electronic quantum transport, it is straightforward to apply a fermionic version of the mapping individually to every reservoir. This allows to revisit nonequilibrium phenomena from the perspective of strong-system reservoir couplings and non-Markovian effects. In particular, I will demonstrate the benefits of the method by showing that performance of a continuously operating quantum heat engine may increase in the strong-coupling regime. Furthermore, for explicit feedback loops, the method can also be used to identify the thermodynamic cost of measurement and control operations, which for example allows for a revisiting of electronic Maxwell demons. Even models that are anyways exactly solvable may profit from conceptual insight gained from such transformations, which e.g. allows to identify non-Markovian limits by broken thermodynamic uncertainty relations.
Papers: Liens : |
Tomas Ramos (Characterizing photon-photon interactions and correlated noise in nanophotonic systems) | Détails Fermer |
Characterizing photon-photon interactions and correlated noise in nanophotonic systems le vendredi 13 septembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Eric Woillez (Technion) | Détails Fermer |
Is the Solar System stable? le jeudi 12 septembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The search for the Solar System's stability is a fascinating adventure that started with Newton's discovery of the law of gravitation. While this question has been the source of major discoveries both in mathematics and in physics for about three centuries, it is still not fully answered. In the past 30 years, a breakthrough occurred with the numerical discovery that the Solar System is chaotic with a Lyapunov time of about 10 million years. In particular, it has been shown that planetary collisions are possible between the four smallest terrestrial planets. Chaotic motion thus prevent any long-term accurate prediction of planetary positions, and requires us to invent new techniques to predict the state of the Solar System on a timescale comparable to its lifetime. In the present talk, I will show how the methods issued from statistical physics can be used to study the long-term stability of the Solar System. I will explain how the probability of fast destabilizations can be predicted using the theory of rare events. Liens : |
Davide Squizzato (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Equation with temporally correlated noise: a non-perturbative renormalization group approach le mercredi 11 septembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Liens :Davide SquizzatoLPMMC |
Freek Massee (LPS (Paris-Sud)) | Détails Fermer |
Detection and manipulation of dopants and atoms in a high-Tc superconductor using MHz current noise le mardi 10 septembre 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Dopants and impurities are crucial in shaping the ground-state of host materials: semiconducting technology is based on their ability to donate or trap electrons, and they can even be used to transform insulators into high temperature superconductors. Due to limited time resolution, most atomic scale studies of the latter materials focussed on the effect of dopants on the electronic properties averaged over time. To lift this limitation, I will first present how we implemented cryogenic circuitry operating in the MHz regime into our home-built scanning tunnelling microscope in order to gain access to time-dependent information, including shot-noise, at the atomic scale [1]. After discussing the details of the circuitry, I will show how it enabled us to detect remarkable charge dynamics at select atomic sites in the high temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 et x [2]. Lastly, I will demonstrate how we can use these sites, as well as other individual atoms, to manipulate superconductivity.
[1] F. Massee et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89, 093708 (2018) Liens : |
Amit Ghosal (IISER Calcutta) | Détails Fermer |
Superconductivity in a disordered vortex lattice le lundi 09 septembre 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Orbital magnetic field and strong disorder weaken superconducting correlations acting individually on a type-II s-wave superconductor. The Abrikosov vortex lattice, resulting from the applied magnetic field, melts with an increase of the strength of the field, turning the system into a metal. Similarly, the presence of disorder causes a superconductor to insulator transition beyond a critical strength of disorder. Here we show that the interplay of these two perturbations, when present simultaneously in a two-dimensional superconductor, causes its intriguing evolution. In particular, we show that the local superconductivity can actually strengthen due to interesting spatial reorganization or order parameters in the presence of strong disorder. While at weak disorder strengths the critical magnetic field for the suppression of superconducting energy gap matches with the critical field at which superfluid density vanishes, the two critical fields diverge from each other with the increase of the disorder strengths. Our results have important consequences for the strong magnetoresistance peak observed in disordered superconducting thin films. We illustrate this by calculating the dynamical conductivity and analyzing its low-frequency behavior. Our results, which emphasize the role of spatial fluctuations in the pairing amplitude, capture the non-monotonic evolution of the magnetoresistance, consistent with experiments. We will also demonstrate that the presence of even weak disorder causes the Caroli-deGennes-Matricon zero-bias peak in vortex-core density of states to disappear. The origin and consequences of such dramatic behaviors will be discussed along with their experimental relevance. * Work done in collaboration with Anushree Datta, Anurag Banerjee, and Nandini Trivedi Liens :Amit Ghosal |
Eli Levenson-Falk (University of Southern California) | Détails Fermer |
Harnessing Noise in Superconducting Quantum Circuits le mardi 03 septembre 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Superconducting quantum circuits show great potential as a practical quantum information technology. However, noise causes decoherence and loss of fidelity in quantum processes, preventing full-scale quantum processors from being built. I will discuss our ongoing experiments to harness noise to improve coherence and fidelity. These include adding engineering the quantum bath to turn bad qubits into a good refrigerators; adding "generalized Markovian" noise to suppress the effects of environmental Markovian noise; and using noise correlations between different qubits to design better quantum error correction algorithms. Liens : |
Uwe Tauber (Virginia Tech) | Détails Fermer |
Nucleation and Aging Transient Dynamics in the Two-Dimensional Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation le mercredi 28 août 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGL) is a (stochastic)
partial differential equation that describes a remarkably wide
range of physical systems. We numerically investigate nucleation
processes in the transient dynamics of the two-dimensional CGL
towards its "frozen" state with stationary spiral structures,
starting either from the defect turbulence regime or random
initial configurations. Nucleation events of spiral structures
are monitored using the characteristic length between the
emerging shock fronts. We employ an extrapolation method and a
phenomenological formula to account for finite-size effects. The
non-zero barrier for the nucleation of single spiral droplets in
the extrapolated infinite system size limit suggests that the
transition to the frozen state is discontinuous. We also study
the nucleation of spirals for systems that are quenched close to
but beyond the crossover limit, and of target waves which emerge
if a specific spatial inhomogeneity is introduced. In either of
these cases, we observe long, "fat" tails in the distribution of
nucleation times, which also supports a discontinuous transition
scenario. Upon quenching the CGL into the "defocusing spiral
quadrant", we observe slow coarsening dynamics as oppositely
charged topological defects annihilate. We find the physical
aging features in this system to be governed by non-universal
aging scaling exponents. We also investigate systems with control
parameters residing in the "focusing quadrant", and identify slow
aging kinetics in that regime as well. We provide heuristic
criteria for the existence of slow coarsening dynamics and
physical aging behavior in the CGL.
Liens : |
David Rodriguez Fernandez | Détails Fermer |
Hall viscosity induced transverse voltage in two-dimensional Fermi liquids le vendredi 19 juillet 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The absence of parity and time-reversal symmetry in two-dimensional Fermi liquids gives rise to nondissipative transport features characterized by the Hall viscosity. For non-vanishing magnetic fields, the Hall viscous force directly competes with the Lorentz force, since both mechanisms contribute to the Hall voltage. In this work, we present a channel geometry that allows us to uniquely distinguish these two contributions and derive, for the first time, their functional dependence on all external parameters. In particular, the ratio of Hall viscous to Lorentz force contributions decreases with the width and slip-length of our channel, while it increases with its carrier density and electron-electron mean free path. Therefore, for typical materials such as GaAs, the Hall viscous contribution can dominate the Lorentz signal by orders of magnitudes up to a few tens of millitesla. This paves the way to uniquely measure and identify Hall viscous signals in simple experimental setups. Liens : |
Alioscia Hamma (UMass Boston) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum complexity, irreversibility, learnability and fluctuations le vendredi 12 juillet 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum complexity is a notion characterizing the universality of the entanglement arising from a quantum evolution. A universal evolution will result in a complex entanglement. At the same time, this also corresponds to small fluctuations and to unlearnability from the point of view of machine learning. All these aspects are connected to the different features of k-designs, which are under-samplings of the Hilbert space. We study the transition in complexity due to the doping of a quantum circuit by universal gates and show that the transition to complex entanglement can be obtained by just a single gate. These results are relevant for the notions of scrambling, quantum chaos, OTOCs and operator spreading. We conjecture that the transition to 4−design, W-D and unlearnability are one and the same. Liens : |
MISSING (University of Southern California) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
Quantum coherence in the localization transition le mercredi 10 juillet 2019 à 11:00 |
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Annulé
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Pascal Simon (LPS - Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Majorana zero modes around skyrmionic textures' le vendredi 05 juillet 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Recent scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements on a superconducting monolayer of lead(Pb) with nanoscale cobalt islands, have revealed puzzling quasiparticle in-gap states [1] which demand a better understanding of two-dimensional superconductivity in presence of spin-orbit coupling and magnetism. Thus motivated, we theoretically study a model of two-dimensional s-wave superconductor with a fixed configuration of exchange field and spin-orbit coupling terms allowed by symmetry. Using analytics and exact diagonalization of tight-binding models, we find that a vortex-like defect in the Rashba spin-orbit coupling binds a single Majorana zero-energy (mid-gap) state. In contrast to the case of a superconducting vortex [2], our spin-orbit defect does not create a tower of in-gap excitation states and our findings match the puzzling features observed in the experiment. Additionally, these properties indicate that the system realizes a pair of well-protected Majorana zero mode (MZM) localized at the core and the rim of the defect [3]. We also discuss how the quasiparticle states of the defect relate to the states of superconductors on top of magnetic textures, such as skyrmions. Magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale particle-like spin configurations that are efficiently created and manipulated. They hold great promises for next-generation spintronics applications. I will focus on the theoretical analysis of magnetic skyrmions proximitized by conventional superconductors. I will show that a topological superconducting phase can emerge in these systems and uncover a whole almost flat band of these modes on the edge of the magnetic texture, in contrast to a previously reported MZM in the core of the skyrmion [4]. I will discuss in details the origin of these MZMs by relating this problem to the the extensively-studied Rashba nanowire model. We have found that these modes are remarkably stable to electronic and geometric perturbations which we investigate by a combination of analytical arguments and numerical tight-binding calculations. Additionally, this analysis reveals that the number of MZMs on the edge scales linearly with its perimeter [5]. [1] G.C. Ménard et al., Nature Comm. 11, 1013 (2017). [2] C. Caroli, P.G. de Gennes, and J. Matricon, Physics Letters 9, 307(1964). [3] G. C. Ménard, et al., arXiv:1810.09541, Nature Comm. 10, 2587 (2019). [4] G. Yang, P. Stano, J. Klinovaja & D. Loss, PRB 93, 224505 (2016). [5] M. Garnier, A. Mesaros, P. Simon, arXiv:1904.03005 Liens : |
Antonio Rago (University of Plymouth) | Détails Fermer |
Multi-particle observables from pure Yang Mills le jeudi 04 juillet 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The strong force is governed by a mathematical framework called quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The building blocks of QCD are quarks and gluons, and the interactions of these constituents leads to a rich variety of observed phenomena. A particularly intriguing aspect of QCD physics is the nature and behavior of resonances, short-lived states that decay via the strong force. In this talk I will discuss progress in studying these states, by calculating multi-particle scattering observables in a the simplified framework of pure Yang Mills. This can be achieved by combining field-theoretic ideas with large scale numerical calculations. In particular, I will focus on the idea of using the finite volume required for numerical calculations as a tool, rather than an unwanted artifact, to extract dynamical observables such as two- and (eventually) three-particles scattering amplitudes. Liens : |
Anastasia et Bastien (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mercredi 03 juillet 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Anastasia Gorbunova : Numerical study of turbulence Bastien Maguet : Symmetries in the stochastic dynamics of interfaces and their supersymmetric formulation Liens : |
Stefano Roddaro (Scuola Normale Superiore & UniversitaÌ€ di Pisa) | Détails Fermer |
Field-effect control of the properties of InAs/InP nanowire single-electron trnasistors le mardi 02 juillet 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Single-electron transistors based on heterostructured nanowires represent a promising and robust building block for a range of applications in fundamental science as well as in sensing. Many of these require a good degree of control on a set of key device parameters such as the tunnel coupling, level spacing and filling, which is not obvious to combine with the adoption of a heterostructure-defined nanodevice. In my talk I will review our recent results on the field-effect control of InAs/InP quantum dots and demonstrate in particular how tunnel rates can be sharply and controllably increased depending on the kind of orbitals involved in the transport process. Experimental results will be compared with simulations of the nanostructure to identify the mechanisms responsible for the tuning. Liens : |
Maxim Olchanyi (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Lax Integrability and Cheap Macroscopic Quantum Coherence with Matter-Wave Breathers le lundi 1er juillet 2019 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Matter-wave breathers is an example of an area where the macroscopic quantum coherence resource may be already available today but yet overlooked. There, even for a relatively hot soliton, a four-fold quench of the coupling constant will generate a bi-solton state whose relative soliton-soliton motion is in a minimal Heisenberg uncertainty state. The latter will be observable through an eventual separation between the solitons, itself a deep consequence of the Lax integrability and the classical field level and Bethe integrability at the quantum one. The estimates for the separation time range between a few to a dozen of seconds, i.e. within the experimental reach. Liens :LPMMC |
Maxim Olchanyi (UMass Boston) | Détails Fermer |
Some Empirical Implementations of the Multi-Dimensional Reflection Groups le vendredi 28 juin 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this presentation, I will review some of our recent successes in finding a three-dimensional empirical room for the abstract multidimensional kaleidoscopes. The latter ensure solvability of the former. The areas of implementation include (a) quantum one-dimensional hard-core particles with mon-trivial mass-spectra, on a line, in a box, or in a harmonic potential; (b) a quantum one-dimensional bosonic dimer interacting with a barrier; (c) a field of a static electric charge in a conducting cavity surrounded by four spherical segments. Concrete experimental suggestions include (a) an “entanglement amplifierâ€, (a’) integrability induced peaks in a relaxation time vs. mass ratio curve for a binary mass mixture, (b) a novel observable selection rule for some one-dimensional chemical processes and the usage thereof for miniaturization of chip-based atom interferometers, and (c) nineteen three-parametric families of solvable electrostatic problems in piece-wise-spherical cavities with conducting grounded walls. Liens : |
Ambroise van Reokeghem (CEA Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Transition-metal pnictides : electrons and phonons le mercredi 26 juin 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The family of iron-based superconductors display signatures of moderate electronic correlations due to strong Hund's coupling, leading to quasiparticle renormalizations and relatively low coherence temperatures. In this seminar, I will discuss the electronic structure of a series of 122 transition metal pnictides, from chromium to copper, based on photoelectron spectroscopy experiments and ab initio calculations. In a second part, I will also discuss the interplay of electronic and lattice effects in a few iron-based compounds. Liens : |
Zhihui Peng (Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China ) | Détails Fermer |
Coupling of a Cavity and a Transmission Line with a Superconducting Artiï¬cial Atom le mardi 25 juin 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We report our experimental results about strong coupling of a cavity and a transmission line with an superconducting artificial atom. With the special architecture, we observed the vacuum-induced Aulter-Townes splitting[1] which has potential application in microwave quantum network. We also observed anomalous resonance fluorescence of an atom-cavity coupled system[2] which is qualitatively different from the driven-atom in free space. Our results show the superconducting artificial atom is an ideal testbed for quantum optics. References: 1. Z.H. Peng et al., PRA 97, 063809 (2018). 2. Z.H. Peng et al., In preparation. Liens : |
Tommaso Roscilde (ENS-Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
Assessing many-body quantumness via correlation functions le vendredi 21 juin 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Decades of research into the foundational aspects of quantum mechanics — started with the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox on entanglement and non-locality — have brought us a radically new way of thinking about physical systems: the latter can be now viewed as hosts of quantum information encoded in quantum superpositions, and as potential resources for novel quantum technologies. A central question is how to assess the non-classical nature of quantum states, namely their characterization as coherent superpositions featuring non-local quantum correlations. This question becomes particularly intriguing and intricate when moving to many-body systems: the exponential growth of quantum information with the system size makes many-body tomography simply inaccessible, and strategies for a scalable assessment of quantumness need to be devised. This endeavor has obviously a foundational aspect, ultimately aiming at an exploration of the mysterious quantum-classical or micro-macro boundary; but it has also immediate bonuses, since assessing quantumness of many-body states can translate into probing their potential use as resources for quantum information tasks. In this talk I will address the question: assuming the one has theoretical or even experimental access to correlation functions related to a generic quantum many-body state (pure or mixed, at equilibrium or far from it), can one make conclusive statements about the quantum nature of the state in question? By "quantum nature†I mean here the various forms of increasing non-classicality, namely entanglement; EPR correlations; and Bell correlations. I will show that bipartite entanglement and EPR correlations can be effectively assessed via the knowledge of correlations between two subsystems; and that they are in fact generic features of systems with continuous symmetries in the “canonical†ensemble (namely at fixed magnetisation for quantum spin systems; fixed particle number for lattice quantum gases). Moreover I will illustrate how one can make an exhaustive Bell test on the measured correlations -- unveiling constructively their definite incompatibility with classical physics — without making use of Bell’s inequalities. Liens : |
Giovanni (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Présentations des stages de M2 le mercredi 19 juin 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Giovanni, Tomaso et Anatole nous présenterons leur stage au LPMMC. (15 minutes de présentation et 5 minutes de question chacun). Liens : |
Yiftach Frenkel (Bar Ilan University, Israel) | Détails Fermer |
Scanning SQUID measurements of domain walls in SrTiO3 le mardi 18 juin 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The interface between the oxide insulators Lanthanum Aluminate and Strontium titanate hosts a gate tunable 2D electron gas that also becomes SC at low temperatures. It has been demonstrated that the 2DEG can be confined to create devices such as gate defined SQUIDs or a single electron transistor. In effect the Physics of the SrTiO3 substrate play a major role in the behavior of the interface. SrTiO3 undergoes a structural phase transition at 105K resulting in a dense network of domains separated by nanometer thick twin walls. I will discuss our recent findings, where we used scanning SQUID microscopy to map the spatial distribution of conduction at the interface. Images of the interface showed quasi-1D channels of modulated current flow, superconductivity and magnetic signal. The domain walls change their location with thermal cycles and with the application of back gate voltage. These findings open exciting possibilities for normal and superconducting devices based on domain walls. Liens : |
Brijesh Kumar (Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi) | Détails Fermer |
Inversion and Quantum Oscillations in Kondo insulators le vendredi 14 juin 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Conventionally, the quantum oscillations of magnetisation [the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect] have come to be exclusively associated with metals. But recent observations of magnetic quantum oscillations in Kondo insulators (SmB6 and YbB12) challenge this conventional view, and call for a reexamination. We study this problem by investigating the basic models of Kondo insulators for their orbital response to uniform magnetic field. By doing a self-consistent theory of the charge dynamics of Kondo insulators in a novel representation for electrons [1], we discover the gapped charge quasiparticles to undergo inversion upon decreasing the Kondo coupling, and establish the inversion to be the key determinant for quantum oscillations to occur as a bulk phenomenon in Kondo insulators [2,3]. The frequency of dHvA oscillations we obtain corresponds to the half of the bulk Brillouin zone, as observed experimentally [4]. References: [1] Brijesh Kumar, Phys. Rev. B 77, 205115 (2008) [2] Panch Ram and Brijesh Kumar, Phys. Rev. B 96, 075115 (2017) [3] Panch Ram and Brijesh Kumar, arXiv:1809.04654; Phys. Rev. B (2019). In production. [4] B. S. Tan et al, Science 349, 287 (2015) Liens : |
Anjan K. Gupta (Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur) | Détails Fermer |
Optimization of constriction based niobium µ-SQUIDs for probing nano-magnetism le mardi 11 juin 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Magnetometry using micron-size superconducting quantum interference devices (µ-SQUIDs) has been remarkably successful in probing classical as well as quantum regimes of magnetism in single nano-particles. This technique can be further improved for higher speed and sensitivity with hysteresis-free µ-SQUIDs. This is difficult, particularly, at low temperatures, which is essential for probing quantum-magnetism. The hysteresis in these devices arises from thermal instabilities in superconducting weak-links and neighboring region. The heat generated in resistive normal region gives rise to a self sustained hot-spot. This leads to two possible states, hot (normal) and cold (superconducting), and hence bistability. Such hot-spot and hysteresis has been modeled in the past by using steady state thermal heat balance equations. However, as we approach the hysteresis-free regime by optimizing the relative heat evacuation, another regime of hysteresis is found in which the bistability results due to a phase dynamic steady state. We understand this dynamic regime using a thermal model that helps us quantitatively capture the behavior in both hysteretic and non-hysteretic regimes. Slow relaxation of quasi-particles, which are generated due to phase dynamics, is found to be a bottleneck, which is the case for several superconducting devices including SIN-coolers and superconducting qubits. We solve the thermal model for different shunting conditions to find that an optimal shunt having resistance and inductance both can eliminate hysteresis at low temperatures and with a good sensitivity. A pure resistive shunt, which works well for hysteresis elimination in usual tunnel junction based SQUIDs, leads to a marked reduction in sensitivity of µ-SQUIDs. This new model also reveals an interesting non-linear dynamical system with various regimes. We successfully test this idea of inductive shunt eliminating hysteresis with good sensitivity. Finally, we present preliminary results on magnetization reversal in permalloy nano-needles by using these optimized non-hysteretic µ-SQUIDs. Liens : |
Peter Makk (University of Basel & Budapest University of Technology and Economics,) | Détails Fermer |
Engineering exotic states in graphene heterostructures le mardi 04 juin 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Graphene is an ideal platform to realize novel, topological states of matter by combining it with other 2D materials using van der Waals stacking. These states include the topological insulator state, the valley Hall state and the appearance Majorana excitations have also been predicted by combining special quantum Hall states with superconducting correlations. Here we show our work towards this direction. First I will show supercurrent measurements in graphene/hBN heterostructures with a Moiré superlattice formed by alinging graphene lattice to the hBN lattice. Using the supercurrent measurement we extract the DOS of the superlattice and investigate the appearance of edge states using interferometry measurements. We also show tunneling spectroscopy measurements in graphene, where we extract the non-equilibrium distribution function and investigate the electron cooling mechanisms in graphene. Finally we comment on the appearance of SOI from TMDC substrates.
- D. Indolese, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 121, 137701 (2018) Liens : |
Martina Hentschel (TU Ilmenau, Allemagne) | Détails Fermer |
From billiards for light to mesoscopic optics le mardi 28 mai 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The investigation of the propagation of light in mesoscopic, i.e. often micrometer-scale, systems is a rich subject providing insights ranging from quantum chaos in open systems to new schemes for realizing microlasers. The concept of quantum-classical, here wave-ray, correspondence, proves to be as useful as for electronic mesoscopic systems such as quantum dots. Whereas there the electrons are confined by means of gate voltages, the confinement of light in optical microresonators is due to total internal reflection, leading to billiards for light. There are, however, semiclassical deviations from the naive ray-picture expectation in the reflection and refraction of light at dielectric interfaces yielding for example to deviations from Snell's law. We illustrate these effects and discuss their impact on the far-field emission characteristics of optical microcavities. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in three-dimensional optical microcavities requires to pay attention to the evolution of the light's polarization as a new degree of freedom. In systems like dielectric Möbius-strips or cone-shaped microtube cavities, the polarization state of resonant whispering gallery-type modes may differ strongly from the reference case of homogeneous cylinders. Whereas we find that the polarization of the electromagnetic field follows the wall orientation in thin Möbius strips, thereby reflecting the accumulated geometric phase, we observe that the electromagnetic field ignores the Möbius topology when the strip thickness is increased. Breaking of symmetries further influences the morphology of resonances and can induce a transition from linear to elliptical polarization that is both of theoretical interest from the point of view of spin-orbit interaction of light and their interpretation in terms of Berry phases, and relevant for potential applications. Liens :Martina Hentschel |
CPTGA 24 mai (Café (IPN Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Superfluidity in the inner crust of neutron stars le vendredi 24 mai 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : After a general introduction to neutron stars, I will focus on the special role of their inner crust. This region is characterized by the coexistence of a Coulomb lattice of neutron-rich nuclei ("clusters") in a uniform background of ultrarelativistic degenerate electrons and a gas of unbound neutrons. The unbound neutrons are supposed to be superfluid, which gives rise to remarkable phenomena, such as the famous "glitches" (sudden increases of the neutron star's rotation frequency) and changes in the star's cooling behaviour. However, making reliable predictions for the superfluid critical temperature remains a challenging problem for nuclear many-body theory, mostly because of medium-polarisation effects. Another important unsolved problem is the "entrainment" between the neutron gas and the clusters in the crust, since it determines the density of superfluid neutrons. Liens : |
Christopher Bauerle (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
In-flight manipulation of single electrons le mardi 21 mai 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Over the past decade, an important effort has been made in the field of low-dimensional electronic conductors towards single-electron electronics with the goal of gaining coherent control over single flying electrons in solid-state devices [1]. In this talk I will present our recent advances towards the realization of electronic flying-qubit architectures using ultrashort charge pulses (Levitons) as well as surface acoustic wave (SAW) driven single electrons. In the first part of the talk I will present time-resolved measurements of ultrashort single-electron charge pulses injected into a quasi-one-dimensional quantum conductor. We show that the velocity of such a single-electron pulse is found to be much faster than the Fermi velocity due to the presence of strong electron-electron interactions and can be tuned over more than an order of magnitude by electrostatic confinement. In addition, our set-up allows us to tune our system continuously from a clean one-channel Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid to a multi-channel Fermi liquid [2]. Our results are in quantitative agreement with a parameter-free theory and demonstrate a powerful new probe for directly investigating real-time dynamics of fractionalisation phenomena in low-dimensional conductors. In the second part of the talk, I will concentrate on SAW-assisted single-electron transport. I will present our recent results on highly-efficient electron routing in a beam-splitter configuration. For this we connect four quantum dots via two 22 μm long quantum rails that are coupled by a tunnel barrier along a 2 µm long interaction region. Changing the energy detuning in the interaction region we can partition the electrons on-demand into two paths with electron transport efficiencies of 99.7 % [3]. Our results demonstrate the potential of these two approaches for the implementation of an electronic solid-state flying qubit having high relevance in fundamental research and quantum information technology.
[1] C. Bäuerle et al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 81, 056503 (2018) Liens : |
Raphaël Chétrite (Laboratoire Dieudonné, Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis) | Détails Fermer |
Analytical Large Deviation and Uncertainly Relation le vendredi 17 mai 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk, I will talk about the theory of large deviations. After a general introduction, I will present some recent developments on the large deviations associated with a Markov process and on applications for thermodynamic uncertainty relations. Liens : |
Marcin Napiorkowski | Détails Fermer |
Bogoliubov Theory at Positive Temperatures le vendredi 10 mai 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I shall discuss the homogeneous Bose gas at positive temperatures within Bogoliubov theory. The theory arises by restricting the Hilbert space to quasi-free states. I will introduce the free energy functional and discuss the existence of equilibrium states, phase diagram and critical temperature. This is joint work with Robin Reuvers and Jan Philip Solovej. Liens : |
Gwendal Feve (ENS) | Détails Fermer |
Probing quantum Hall conductors with low and high frequency noise le mardi 30 avril 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In my seminar, I will discuss measurements of low and high frequency noise in quantum Hall conductors and how they can probe the elementary excitations propagating along the edge channels in the integer and fractional cases. I will first present how low frequency noise measurements can be used to extract the electronic states propagating along the edge channels of the integer quantum Hall regime. Combining two-electron Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry [1] with signal processing techniques, we have implemented a quantum tomography protocol [2,3] able of extracting from any electrical current the generated electron and hole wavefunctions as well as their emission probabilities In the second part of my presentation, I will discuss the measurement of high frequency noise [4] generated by the random transfer of fractional excitations through a potential barrier biased with a dc voltage Vdc. At high frequencies (few GHz), the emitted noise can be interpreted as the generation of microwave photons in a coaxial measurement line weakly coupled to the sample. We observe that photons are only emitted when their frequency is smaller than the frequency threshold fJ=qVdc/h called the Josephson frequency [5,6] in analogy with the Josephson relation in superconductors. This threshold provides a direct determination of the fractional charge q.
[1] E. Bocquillon et al. Science 339, 1054 (2013) Liens : |
Ambroise van Roekeghem (CEA Grenoble) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
Transition-metal pnictides: electrons and phonons le mardi 30 avril 2019 à 11:00 |
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Gabriel Polinario (Université fédérale de Rio, Brésil) | Détails Fermer |
Onset of intermittency in stochastic Burgers hydrodynamics le mardi 16 avril 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A number of theoretical efforts have been devoted to the study of intermittent fluctuations of fluid dynamic observables in the stochastic Burgers model, where the presence of velocity shocks leads to large negative fluctuations of the velocity gradient. I am going to discuss how the response functional approach, where specific velocity field configurations - the instantons - are conjectured to be the dominant strucutures for a statistical account of large negative fluctuations, is meaningful only if the effects of fluctuations around instantons are taken into account. |
CPTGA 12 avril (Café (Institut Langevin) | Détails Fermer |
Acoustic bubbly metamaterials: subwalength focusing, negative refraction and super-absorption le vendredi 12 avril 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I will show that air bubbles, in water or trapped in a soft solid, are excellent candidates for creating acoustic metamaterials. They indeed exhibit a strong low-frequency monopolar resonance, which can lead to interesting effective acoustic properties at wavelengths that can be hundreds of times larger than the radius of the bubbles. First, I will show the possibility of focusing inside a bubbly metamaterial with a subwavelength resolution. The demonstration will be based on numerical results obtained with a Multiple Scattering Theory (MST) code that fully incorporates multiple-scattering effects. Then, I will explain how to create a 3D disordered double negative metamaterial composed solely of monopolar resonators. Finally, I will demonstrate that acoustic superabsorption can be achieved over a broad frequency range by tuning the parameters of a single layer of bubbles, referred to as a metascreen, which is confirmed by both finite element simulations and experiments. Liens : |
Michael Pasek | Détails Fermer |
Density-wave steady-state phase of dissipative ultracold fermions with nearest-neighbor interactions le mercredi 10 avril 2019 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : I will describe our recent results about the effect of local dissipation on density-wave ordering in the extended Fermi-Hubbard model with both local and nearest-neighbor interactions. For this purpose, we used a recent variant of nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory with the auxiliary master equation approach which allows to treat nonperturbatively both local dissipation and local interaction. I will show how density-wave order seems to be robust against dephasing effects up to a critical point, where the system becomes homogeneous with no spatial ordering. I will also show how this model can be realized in ultracold atom experiments by the dressing of fermionic atoms with highly-excited Rydberg states in an optical lattice. Liens : |
Alexandra Sheremet (ESPCI) | Détails Fermer |
Coherent control of light transport in a dense atomic medium le mercredi 10 avril 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Light-matter interfaces play a crucial role in the context of quantum information networks, enabling for instance the reversible mapping of quantum state of light onto quantum states of matter. A promising approach for the realization of such interfaces is based on ensemble of neutral atoms. A critical figure of merit of such interfaces is the overall storage-and-retrieval efficiency, which is mainly determined by technical losses and atomic decoherence, and depends on the storage mechanism and matter properties. Collective and cooperative effects manifistable in an atomic ensemble could provide essential enhancement of the coupling strength between the light and atomic systems. In this context, one of the strongest requirements to obtain a high efficiency is a large optical depth, which can be achieved by increasing the size of the atomic system or atomic density in the system. In addition, the interaction between light and atoms can be enhanced by trapping atoms in the vicinity of a nanoscale waveguide due to strong confinement of the light. In this talk I will discuss light propagation in a spatially dense atomic ensemble, where the average distance between atoms is comparable with the resonant wavelength. In such dense atomic configurations dipole-dipole interaction play an important role and can lead to manifestation of super and subradiance effects. I will consider the light propagation in both free space and trapped near nanofiber surface atomic ensembles. The light scattering in such dense atomic configuration is described in terms of microscopic approach based on the standard scattering matrix and Resolvent operator formalism. We show theoretically and experimentally that spatially dense atomic ensembles allow obtaining effective light-matter interface and reliable light storage with essentially fewer atoms than it can be achieved in dilute gases. Furthermore, we show that the presence of an optical nanofiber modifies the character of atomic interaction and results in long-range dipole-dipole coupling between atoms not only via the free space, but also through the waveguide mode. Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mardi 09 avril 2019 à 14:00 |
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Julien Toulouse | Détails Fermer |
Rigorous combination of wave-function methods and density-functional theory for electronic-structure calculations le vendredi 05 avril 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I will first give a brief overview of the main goals of quantum chemistry and of the two families of electronic-structure computational methods used to solve the many-electron Schrödinger equation in this domain, namely wave-function methods and density-functional theory. I will then explain the advantages of combining these two approaches and how this can be done in a rigorous way based on a partition of the Coulomb electron-electron interaction into long-range and short-range contributions. The idea is to use a many-body wave-function method for the long-range contribution, coupled with a density-functional approximation for the short-range contribution. I will show two specific realizations of this range-separated wave-function/density-functional theory using for the wave-function method: 1) a random-phase approximation, which allows us to describe van der Waals intermolecular interactions; 2) a selected configuration-interaction approach, which allows us to describe strong electron correlation effects. Liens : |
Matthieu Tissier (LPTMC) | Détails Fermer |
Critical properties of the Random field Ising Model le mercredi 03 avril 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The random field Ising model is a classic of statistical mechanics, which was proposed more than 40 years ago by Imry and Ma. Because of its simplicity, it is relevant for describing many physical situations, both at equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium. After describing some of these experimental realizations, I will present the most striking features that were encountered in the theoretical study of this model (dimensional reduction and its breaking, static avalanches ...). I will explain what are the minimal ingredients needed to describe such situations from an analytic perspective. I will finally present the results we obtained in the last decade, by making use of the functional renormalization group. Liens : |
Daniel Szombati (University of Queensland) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum rifling and some quantum goodies from hybrid structures le mardi 26 mars 2019 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : Quantum mechanics postulates that a measurement forces the wave-function of a qubit to collapse to one of its two eigenstates. The result of the measurement can then be recorded as a discrete outcome designating the particular eigenstate the qubit collapsed to. I will show that this well-accustomed picture of quantum measurement breaks down when the qubit is strongly driven during measurement. More specifically, when the evolution speed exceeds a threshold defined by the characteristic measurement time, the measurement outcome does not contain any information about the initial state of the qubit and thus the measurement does not generate any back-action. We call this phenomenon quantum rifling, as the fast spinning of the Bloch vector protects it from being deflected into either of its two eigenstates. We study this phenomenon with two superconducting qubits coupled to one to the same detector and demonstrate that the quantum rifling allows us to measure either one of the qubits on demand while protecting the state of another one from the measurement back-action.
If time permits it, I will also cover the results of my PhD from TU Delft, where I have been studying the Josephson effect in semiconducting InSb nanowires. These nanowires bare exotic electronic properties, such as large g-factor and spin-orbit interaction, leading to peculiar behaviour of the Josephson supercurrent. Specifically, the switching current exhibits non-monotonic behaviour with increasing magnetic field, due to the orbital interference of many modes in the wire[1]. For certain magnetic field values, we observe supercurrent flowing at zero phase difference, otherwise known as a Josephson-phi0 junction[2]. Such phi0-junctions can serve as smoking gun signatures of Majorana fermions.
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Xavier Montiel (University of London) | Détails Fermer |
Generation of pure superconducting spin current in superconducting heterostructures via non-locally induced magnetism le mercredi 20 mars 2019 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : Superconducting spintronics aims at carrying spin currents via equal spin Cooper pairs in superconducting/ferromagnetic heterostructures [1]. In this talk, I will present a mechanism for the generation of pure superconducting spin-currents carried by equal-spin triplet Cooper pairs in a superconductor (S) sandwiched between a ferromagnet (F) and a normal metal (Nso) with intrinsic spin-orbit coupling [2]. I will show that in the presence of Fermi-liquid interactions, the superconducting proximity effect can induce non-locally a ferromagnetic exchange field in the normal layer, which disappears above the superconducting transition temperature of the structure. The internal Fermi-liquid exchange field leads to the onset of a spin supercurrent associated with the generation of long-range spin-triplet superconducting correlations in the trilayer. I will show that the magnitude of the spin supercurrent, as well as the induced magnetic order in the Nso layer, depends critically on the superconducting proximity effect between the S layer and the F and Nso layers and the magnitude of the relevant Landau Fermi-liquid interaction parameter. These results provide a mechanism for the generation of equal spin Cooper pairs that is compatible with recent experimental results [3]. I will also give a brief discussion on our ongoing work on non-equilibrium spin currents in superconducting structures.
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Benjamin Lenz | Détails Fermer |
Effects of non-local correlations on spectral properties of doped Sr2IrO4 le mercredi 20 mars 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The spin-orbit Mott insulator Sr2IrO4 has been in the spotlight in recent years due to its striking similarities to isostructural high-Tc superconducting copper oxides. In particular, upon doping the system recent photoemission experiments found pseudogap behavior at low temperatures, which raises the question of its relation to the pseudogap found in cuprate superconductors. In this talk, I will present new insights into the spectral properties of this 5d transition metal system as a function of electron- and hole-doping by means of a combined ab-initio electronic structure and oriented cluster dynamical mean-field approach. Within this treatment, important ingredients like spin-orbit coupling and distortions of the oxygen octahedra as well as Hubbard interactions and non-local charge fluctuations are taken into account. The calculated spectral function of pure Sr2IrO4 compares well with angular-resolved photoemission measurements, both in the low-temperature antiferromagnetic and high-temperature paramagnetic phase, and allows to study emerging changes under electron- and hole-doping. Special emphasis of my talk will be placed on pseudogap features of the momentum-resolved spectral function of electron-doped Sr2IrO4, which are found to be in good agreement with experiment. |
Oleksandr Tsyplyatyev (Francfort University) | Détails Fermer |
A hierarchy of strongly correlated modes in quantum wires le vendredi 15 mars 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The natural excitations of an interacting one-dimensional system at low energy are hydrodynamic modes of Luttinger liquid, protected by the Lorentz invariance which originates from the linearised dispersion. In this talk, I will show that beyond low energy, where quadratic dispersion reduces the symmetry to Galilean, the organisational principle of the many-body excitations changes into a hierarchical structure: calculations of dynamic correlation functions for fermions show that the spectral weights of the excitations are proportional to integral powers of R^2/L^2, where R is the interaction radius and L is the system length. Thus, only small numbers of excitations carry the principal spectral power in representative regions on the energy-momentum planes. For example, in the spectral function the first-level (strongest) excitations form a mode with parabolic dispersion, like that of a renormalised single particle. The second-level excitations produce a singular power-law line shape to the first-level mode and multiple power-laws at the spectral edge. Crossover from this hierarchy in the nonlinear regime to Luttinger liquid at low energy will be illustrated by a calculation of the local density of state at all energy scales using Bethe ansatz. I will also give a brief discussion of experiments on quantum wires realised in GaAs double-well heterostructures. The momentum-resolved tunnelling in this setup directly probes the spectral function of electrons at all energy scales giving access to the spin-charge separation of spinful Luttinger liquid in the linear and to the hierarchy of strongly correlated modes in the nonlinear regime. Liens : |
Hadrien Kurkjian (Anvers) | Détails Fermer |
Modes collectifs de "Higgs" dans les condensats fermioniques le mercredi 13 mars 2019 à 11:00 |
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Hélène Sueur (CSNSM, Univ. Paris-Sud) | Détails Fermer |
Microscopic charged fluctuators as a limit to the coherence of disordered superconductor devices le mardi 12 mars 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : By performing experiments with thin-film resonators of NbSi, we elucidate a decoherence mechanism at work in disordered superconductors. This decoherence is caused by charged Two Level Systems (TLS) which couple to the conduction electrons in the BCS ground state; it does not involve any out-of-equilibrium quasiparticles, vortices, etc. Standard theories of mesoscopic disordered conductors enable making predictions regarding this mechanism, notably that decoherence should increase as the superconductor cross section decreases. Given the omnipresence of charged TLS in solid-state systems, this decoherence mechanism affects, to some degree, all experiments involving disordered superconductors. In particular, we show it easily explains the poor coherence observed in quantum phase slip experiments and may contribute to lowering the quality factors in some disordered superconductor resonators. Liens : |
David Hagenmüller (ISIS) | Détails Fermer |
Shaping the properties of condensed-matter systems with light le mercredi 06 mars 2019 à 11:00 |
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Boris Brun (UCLouvain, Belgium) | Détails Fermer |
Imaging thermoelectric transport through quantum nanostructures le mardi 05 mars 2019 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We developed a new scanning probe technique to image thermoelectric transport in two- dimensional devices: Thermoelectric Scanning Gate Microscopy (TSGM). This technique is derived from Scanning Gate Microscopy (SGM), that consists in mapping changes in a device's electrical conductance induced by a moving electrostatic perturbation, generated with a biased AFM tip [1]. TSGM consists in recording the devices’ Seebeck coefficient instead of its electrical conductance. To perform this measurement, we heat one side of the device and record the thermoelectric voltage arising across the device in response to this temperature difference. We then scan the electrically biased tip above the surface while recording this signal. We apply this technique to investigate the low density regime of quantum point contacts (QPCs), where strong electron-electron interactions give rise to conductance [2,3] and thermoeletcric [4] anomalies. By scanning the polarized tip in front of the QPC, we create a Fabry-PeÌrot cavity between the QPC channel and the tip-depleted region [5], which induces interference fringes in both the conductance and the thermopower. Surprisingly, the interference in the thermoelectric signal exhibit an abrupt phase shift by Ï€ at very low QPC transmission, which is invisible in the conductance. We propose a model to explain these differences, based on the spontaneous localization of electrons in the QPC channel [6,7]. Our work illustrates that the combination of scanning gate microscopy and thermoelectric measurements can unveil elusive phenomena that escape transport measurements [8]. [1] M.A Topinka et al., Nature, 416, 183-186 (2001). [2] K.J Thomas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 135 (1996). [3] S. M. Cronenwett, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 226805 (2002). [4] N. J. Appleyard, Phys. Rev. B 62, 8 R16275 (2000) [5] B. Brun et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 136801 (2016). [6] M. J. Iqbal et al. Nature, 501, 79 (2013) [7] B. Brun et al., Nat. Com., 5, 4290 (2014) [8] B. Brun et al., arXiv:1804,00075 Liens :Boris Brun |
CPTGA 1er mars (Café (IAP and ILP, Sorbonne University, Paris, CCA, Flatiron Institute, New York) | Détails Fermer |
Confronting Theory and Data in Cosmology le vendredi 1er mars 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The mysteries of the cosmic beginning, gravitational clustering, and cosmic acceleration persist. How can we distill relevant cosmological information from the next generation of data sets? Taking examples from the cosmic microwave background, large scale structure, and supernova cosmology, I will discuss inference strategies, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computational approaches that promise to extract more information from current and upcoming data sets. The philosophy is to allow maximum freedom to design realistic forward models, to be robust to systematic nuisances, accurately combine multiple probes, move beyond simplistic likelihood assumptions, naturally allow quantitative model comparison, characterize tensions in the data, and maintain (near-)optimality whenever possible. Liens : |
Serena Cenatiempo (Gran Sasso Science Institute) | Détails Fermer |
Bogoliubov theory in the Gross-Pitaevskii regime le vendredi 15 février 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Since 1947 Bogoliubov theory has represented the guide model to thinking about weakly interacting Bose gases. Remarkably, such a theory predicts a linear excitation spectrum and provides expressions for the thermodynamic functions which are believed to hold in the dilute limit. However, so far, there are only a few cases where the predictions of Bogoliubov theory can be obtained by rigorous mathematical analysis. In particular, one of the main mathematical issues is to recover the physical intuition that the correct parameter to appear in the expressions of the physical quantities is the scattering length of the interaction. In this talk I will discuss how the validity of Bogolibov theory can be proved in the case of systems of N interacting bosons trapped in a box with volume one and interacting through a repulsive potential with scattering length 1/N (Gross-Pitaevskii regime). This is a joint work with C. Boccato, C. Brennecke and B. Schlein. Liens :Serena Cenatiempo |
Simon Pigeon | Détails Fermer |
Turbulent flow and soliton interaction in resonantly-driven polaritons superfluids le mercredi 13 février 2019 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : Exciton-polaritons, microcavity half-matter half-light quasi-particles, when resonantly driven exhibit a superfluid regime. Accordingly, topological excitations similar to those predicted in equilibrium superfluids may spontaneously appear [1,2]. However, the non-equilibrium nature of polaritons requires the system to be continuously pumped to compensate for losses. This driving plays a crucial role in the formation and dynamics of such topological excitations tending to inhibit their formation [1]. I will present a recent breakthrough allowing to simultaneously extended the fluid propagation distance and to release the constraints imposed by the resonant driving [3]. This fully optical method, exploiting optical bistability present in these systems, allows for accurate hydrodynamics study of polariton superfluid and for a deterministic control of excitation taking place is this unconventional fluid of light. Experimental validation of the proposal will be reported. I will also discuss prospects open thanks to this method towards non-linear statistical physics and quantum correlation. Liens : |
Irénée Frérot | Détails Fermer |
Quantum correlations close to quantum critical points : entanglement and beyond le mercredi 13 février 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Second-order quantum phase transitions host coherent superpositions and entanglement at all length scales. Theoretically, it is expected that a quantum critical point (QCP) induces a specific scaling of thermodynamic observables in an extended region of the finite-temperature phase diagram (the so-called quantum critical fan). So far, characterizing the extent of the quantum critical fan has however proved challenging, given the interplay of quantum and thermal fluctuations around the QCP. After introducing a simple procedure to isolate the coherent contribution to the fluctuations of an arbitrary observable, we will propose such a characterization for paradigmatic spin models of quantum phase transitions. In a second part of the talk, we will explain why the entanglement generated close to a QCP is a potential resource for quantum interferometry, and illustrate this general property by describing a counter-intuitive, genuinely quantum, mechanism, for the suppression of certain fluctuations at the QCP of the quantum Ising model (leading to spin-squeezing). Liens :Irénée Frérot |
MISSING (Jussieu) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
Radiative corrections in planar Dirac liquids le vendredi 08 février 2019 à 11:15 |
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Annulé
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Antonin Coutant | Détails Fermer |
Black holes in fluid flows le mercredi 06 février 2019 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : I will discuss the possibility to reproduce black hole physics in fluid flows. The starting point is an analogy discovered by Unruh between the propa- gation of sound in a flowing fluid and waves around a black hole. I will discuss the analogue of the Hawking effect through which a black hole loses its mass, and its recent experimental verifications. I will also present a recent water wave experiment, where we have observed the analogue of black hole superradiance, that is, the amplification of waves by extraction of angular momentum from a rotating flow. Liens : |
MISSING (Université de Cergy-Pontoise) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum many-body physics with nonlinear propagating light le mercredi 06 février 2019 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
CPTGA 1er février (Café (Peter Grünberg Institute) | Détails Fermer |
Precision couplings and tailored couplings for high-fidelity quantum computing le vendredi 1er février 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : This is a two-part talk, one is about consideration of longitudinal rather than transverse coupling for qubit-resonator systems, and the other part is about a critical examination of the rotating wave approximation. Liens : |
Rémy Dubertrand (Ratisbonne) | Détails Fermer |
A semiclassical perspective for quantum many-body systems le mercredi 30 janvier 2019 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : One way to characterize complex quantum systems is to consider their corresponding classical counterpart. Such a program, dubbed as quantum chaos, has been highly successful for low-dimensional (mainly one-body) systems. There is a growing interest in transferring these techniques towards many-body systems. First I will explain how to describe the energy spectrum and the associated eigenstates for the seminal Bose-Hubbard system. Second I will consider the disordered Anderson problem on a random graph. I used extensive numerical techniques in order to characterise the localised/delocalised transition and whether the delocalised phase is ergodic. Liens : |
Nicolas Macé (IRSAM Toulouse) | Détails Fermer |
Many-body localization and thermalization in one-dimensional quantum systems le mercredi 30 janvier 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : At high energy, isolated quantum systems generically thermalize, their macroscopic observables obeying the classical laws of thermodynamics. In many-body localized systems however, transport is prevented, effectively breaking thermalization. The phenomenon of many-body localization (MBL) is interesting (1) from a applied point of view, to engineer states robust to decoherence effects, and (2) from a fundamental point of view, as a genuinely quantum phenomenon whose understanding is instrumental in crafting a quantum theory of thermodynamics. In this talk, I will review the progresses made in that direction, notably discussing the minimal ingredients needed for MBL to arise, and presenting a picture of the MBL phase as a fractal delocalized phase on a complex graph. If time permits, I will extend the discussion to out-of-equilibrium open systems.
Selected references
Liens : |
Dmitry Bagrets (University of Cologne) | Détails Fermer |
The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, its holographic dual and quantum conformal fluctuations le vendredi 25 janvier 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The fascinating Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model describing a large number of randomly interacting Majorana fermions represents an ultimate example of the AdS/CFT correspondence in 1 et 1 space-time dimensions. As pointed out by Kitaev, both the SYK model and its gravity dual possess an emergent conformal symmetry which is spontaneously broken in the infra-red. As such, the soft Goldstone mode in the spectrum of the model emerges which is known to be described by the so-called 'Schwarzian' action. In my talk, after a general exposition to the SYK model, I will concentrate on its quantum deeply infra-red limit where conformal Goldstone fluctuations start to play a paramount role. I will demonstrate how the 'Schwarzian' action can be mapped onto a 'Liouvillian' quantum mechanics and study a long-time limit of 2- and 4-point correlation functions of Majoranas. The range of new results predicted by such mapping encompasses universal power-law decays of correlators as well as an emergent Coulomb blockade physics in the 'complex' version of the SYK model reminiscent to that of conventional mesoscopic quantum dots. Liens : |
Elisa Rebolini (ILL) | Détails Fermer |
Range-separated DFT for molecular excitation energies le mercredi 23 janvier 2019 à 13:30 |
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Liens : |
Giovanni Martone (LPTMS, Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Static and dynamic properties of spin-orbit-coupled Bose gases le mercredi 23 janvier 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The realization of synthetic spin-orbit coupling represents one of the most important achievements in the physics of ultracold atomic gases. In this talk I shall illustrate some of my theoretical predictions about the properties of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with equal-weighted Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings. Their phase diagram includes different structures, such as a spin-polarized plane-wave phase, and a stripe phase featuring density modulations. Because of the simultaneous presence of superfluidity and of a crystalline structure, the stripe phase exhibits the long-sought phenomenon of supersolidity. Several relevant features of this configurations, recently observed in an experiment by Ketterle’s group at MIT, will be discussed. Liens :LPTMS, Orsay |
Alastair Abbott (Genève) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Information Beyond the Circuit Model le mercredi 16 janvier 2019 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The standard circuit model to quantum information has proven a powerful tool not just for quantum computation, but understanding quantum communication tasks, quantum networks and diverse problems including, e.g., quantum metrology. Recently, the potential of going beyond the circuit model, for example by applying operations in superpositions of different orders, has garnered interest, showing new advantages in some computational and communication tasks. I will discuss some of the advantages that can be obtained in such "indefinite causal structures†and the challenges involved in using this as a resource for quantum information. I will finish by briefly mentioning another related approach that may allow some similar advantages while remaining within a causal framework. Liens : |
Guillaume Lévy | Détails Fermer |
Graphes quantiques, trou spectral et optimisation des formes le mercredi 19 décembre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Dans cet exposé, on considère le laplacien unidimensionnel agissant sur des fonctions définies sur un graphe métrique. En guise de condition aux sommets, analogue dans ce cadre des conditions au bord, on impose les conditions de Neumann, qui traduisent la conservation du courant à travers les sommets. Pour un graphe de départ donné, on s'autorise à faire varier les longueurs des arêtes tout en conservant la longueur totale du graphe. On cherche ensuite des bornes explicites sur la première valeur propre non nulle de cet opérateur (égale au trou spectral ici) en fonction de paramètres métriques, topologiques et combinatoires du graphe sous-jacent, que l'on souhaite optimales, ainsi que les graphes atteignant les valeurs extrêmes. On résout ainsi complètement le problème du minimum et l'on apporte également des réponses partielles au problème du maximum. On conclut en présentant une conjecture sur la forme générale des maximiseurs. Ce travail a été réalisé en collaboration avec Ram Band, du Technion (Haïfa). Liens : |
Vijay Singh (Université de Hamburg) | Détails Fermer |
Sound-propagation and superfluidity in ultracold quantum gases le mardi 18 décembre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Ultracold atom systems are well-controlled and tunable quantum systems, and thereby enable us
to explore many-body quantum effects, such as BEC-BCS crossover, or superfluidity. In this talk, I
will examine sound-propagation and superfluidity in ultracold quantum gases using analytical and
simulation techniques. I will report on the second sound measurements in the BEC-BCS crossover
and their theoretical analysis [1]. Here, I will demonstrate that the second sound velocity vanishes
at the superfluid-thermal boundary, which is a defining feature of second sound. I will then study
sound propagation in a uniform 2D Bose gas across the superfluid-thermal transition, motivated
by the recent experiments in the Dalibard group. As a key result, I will show that the sound
velocity undergoes a qualitatively different temperature dependence in the critical regime, which
occurs due to an interplay between the superfluid and thermal mode [2]. In the second part of this
talk, I will investigate superfluidity in ultracold quantum gases via laser stirring. I will present the
stirring experiments in the BEC-BCS crossover and provide a quantitative analysis of the onset of
dissipation associated with the breakdown of superfluidity [3]. I will then explore superfluidity across
the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition with laser stirring and provide a quantitative understanding
of the 2D stirring experiments performed in the Dalibard group [4]. I will also present the noise
correlations of the time-of-flight images of 2D clouds and use them to determine the phase coherence
of the recent experiments at Hamburg [5].
References[1] D. Hoffmann, V. P. Singh, T. Paintner, W. Limmer, L. Mathey, and J. H. Denschlag, “Second sound in the BEC-BCS crossoverâ€, forthcoming. [2] V. P. Singh, and L. Mathey, “Sound propagation in a 2D Bose gas across the superfluid transitionâ€, forthcoming. [3] W. Weimer, K. Morgener, V. P. Singh, J. Siegl, K. Hueck, N. Luick, L. Mathey, and H. Moritz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 095301 (2015); V. P. Singh et al., Phys. Rev. A 93, 023634 (2016). [4] V. P. Singh, C. Weitenberg, J. Dalibard, and L. Mathey, Phys. Rev. A 95, 043631 (2017). [5] V. P. Singh and L. Mathey, Phys. Rev. A 89, 053612 (2014). Liens : |
CPTGA 14 décembre (Café (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.) | Détails Fermer |
Dual Bose Fermi Superfluids: surprises in the ultracold world le vendredi 14 décembre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Ilya Tokatly (European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), San Sebastian, Spain) | Détails Fermer |
A unified view of spin-charge coupling in classical and superconducting spintronics: Non-disipative Magnetoelectric Effects le vendredi 30 novembre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : This talk presents an overview of the theory of non-dissipative magnetoelectric effects in superconducting structures with spin-orbit coupling (SOC). I will emphasize a close connection between “classical spin-orbitronics†effects in normal systems and coherent transport phenomena mediated by SOC in superconductors. I start with an introduction to magnetoelectric effects in normal conductors with SOC, and to the standard quasiclassical theory of superconducting structures. By combining ideas from these two fields I will develop a theory of diffusive superconductors in the presence of SOC, and analyze a number of specific magnetoelectric effects. In particular we consider the generation of the long-range triplet condensate, the supercurrent induced spin/triplet accumulation, and the anomalous Josephson effect. We will see that these effects are the direct phase-coherent counterparts of the persistent spin helix, the spin Hall effect, the Edelstein effect, and the spin-galvanic effect, which are known for normal conductors. Liens :Ilya Tokatly |
Olmo Francesconi (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
The Density of States approach to the sign problem in Lattice QFTs. le mercredi 28 novembre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Jürgen Berges (University of Heidelberg) | Détails Fermer |
Universality far from equilibrium: From the early universe to ultracold quantum gases le mercredi 21 novembre 2018 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : |
Nicolas Victorin (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Nonclassical states in strongly correlated bosonic ring ladders le mercredi 14 novembre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Rama Chitra (ETH Zurich) | Détails Fermer |
Parametric resonance - sensors to many-body phases of matter le vendredi 09 novembre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
Stefanos Kourtis | Détails Fermer |
Spectroscopic signatures of topology in the particle-hole continuum of nodal-point semimetals le vendredi 26 octobre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk, I will discuss how interesting features of topological origin in material band structures can be inferred by mapping the particle-hole continuum with spectroscopic probes. I will first highlight some simple geometric characteristics of the particle-hole continuum that arise due to nodal points in the electronic dispersion. These characteristics can be used to infer the presence of Weyl and Dirac nodes both below and above the Fermi level in bulk three-dimensional bands, and can thus serve as identifiers of topological content. I will then argue that resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) is an appealing tool for directly accessing and studying the features of the particle-hole continuum of topological semimetals, especially in settings that preclude the use of other probes, such as, e.g., in magnetic fields. Going a step further, I will discuss how polarization-resolved RIXS can be used to visualize the Berry curvature distribution around Weyl nodes. Most importantly, I will show how this method can determine the topological charge of individual Weyl nodes, indicating its potential for a spectroscopic measurement of a quantized topological invariant. I will conclude with a quick overview of ongoing experimental and theoretical work. Liens : |
Jacopo De Nardis | Détails Fermer |
Generalized Hydrodynamics in integrable chains: non-equilibrium steady states, Drude weights and diffusive spreadings le mercredi 24 octobre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We show how the recently developed generalized hydrodynamic theory - an exact hydrodynamic description of the inhomogenous non-equilibrium time evolution of integrable models - has been very efficient to
Liens : |
Nicola Lo Gullo (QTF Centre of Excellence,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku Finland) | Détails Fermer |
Slow dynamics of interacting ultracold gases in aperiodic geometries: a non-equilibrium Green’s function approach le vendredi 19 octobre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Alessandro 17 octobre (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Effective properties of condensate mixtures in the Gross-Pitaevskii regime. le mercredi 17 octobre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Condensate mixtures consist of two or more different species of identical bosons which undergo Bose-Einstein condensation. In a recent joint work with Alessandro Michelangeli and Phan Thành Nam, we rigorously proved that, for mixtures in the Gross-Pitaevskii regime, the ground state energy is captured by the minimum of a suitable effective functional. We also studied the time-dependent behavior, and proved that the effective dynamics of mixtures is ruled by coupled non-linear Schroedinger equations, one for each species. I will devote the initial part of the talk to introducing the mathematical description of BEC and the main features of the Gross-Pitaevskii scaling limit. Then, prior to presenting our results, I will also recall some important known results on single-species. Liens :LPMMC |
Volker Meden (RWTH Aachen) | Détails Fermer |
Dynamical regimes of dissipative quantum systems le mercredi 10 octobre 2018 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We reveal several distinct regimes of the relaxation dynamics of a small quantum system coupled to an environment within the plane of the dissipation strength and the reservoir temperature. This is achieved by discriminating between coherent dynamics with damped oscillatory behavior on all time scales, partially coherent behavior being nonmonotonic at intermediate times but monotonic at large ones, and purely monotonic incoherent decay. Surprisingly, elevated temperature can render the system “more coherent†by inducing a transition from the partially coherent to the coherent regime. We furthermore show that non-Markovian memory plays a prominent role in the time evolution after a quantum quench in such systems. This provides a refined view on the relaxation dynamics of open quantum systems. Liens : |
Giancarlo Strinati (University of Camerino) | Détails Fermer |
Gap equation with pairing correlations beyond mean field and its equivalence to a Hugenholtz-Pines condition for fermion pairs le vendredi 05 octobre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Eckhard Krotscheck (University at Buffalo SUNY) | Détails Fermer |
Structure and Dynamics of Quantum Fluids Confronting Theory and Experiments le vendredi 28 septembre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The structure of quantum fluids is nowadays well understood from modern methods of quantum many-body theory, until recently the understanding of dynamic features has been much more limited. For that purpose, we have introduced the concept of dynamic multiparticle fluctuations i.e. processes which describe the dynamics of the short--ranged structure of the liquid. These processes turn out to be essential for the correct description of the dynamics of He-4 and He-3 in 3D. Carrying out the same types of calculations in 2D leads to somewhat surprising results which permit, in He-3, a decisive identification of the relevant physical effects responsible for the energetics of excitations, and may, if experimentally confirmed, illuminate the nature of the ``roton minimum'' in He-4. Practically simultaneously with the theoretical developments, new high precision neutron scattering measurements have been obtained of the group of Henri Godfrin in Grenoble which show the effects of mode-mode coupling with unprecedented accuracy. Theoretical predictions and experimental results are in very satisfactory agreement. Liens : |
Doctorants et post-docs (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
La nomadisation du parcours des docteurs le mercredi 26 septembre 2018 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Nous aurons une discussion sur les différentes questions soulevées lors des journées hors-murs concernant la nomadisation des jeunes docteurs, les perspectives d'emploi etc. Liens :LPMMC |
Pablo Rodriguez-Lopez | Détails Fermer |
Quantum friction with Unruh-deWitt detectors le vendredi 21 septembre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We revisit the atom-plate quantum friction and Casimir force with a full-relativistic formalism for atoms modelled as Unruh-deWitt detectors [1] in exited, relaxed and coherent superposition close to a plate [2]. We show that, for relative velocities close to c, the quantum friction diverges while the Casimir force is almost independent of the velocity. We are able to include the effect of the finite size of the detector, then we also obtain quantum friction when the detector is isolated but follows a non-inertial trajectory and we obtain a more realistic result for short distance interactions. Those studies open the venue to understand the role of non-local response in quantum friction. [1] E. Martin-Martinez and P. Rodriguez-Lopez. Relativistic quantum optics: The relativistic invariance of the light-matter interaction models. Phys. Rev. D 97, 105026 (2018) [2] P. Rodriguez-Lopez and E. Martin-Martinez. Casimir Forces and Quantum friction of finite-size atoms in relativistic trajectories. Accepted in Phys. Rev. A Liens : |
Sergey Skipetrov (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Anderson localization of vector waves le mercredi 19 septembre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Anderson localization was first discovered for electrons in disordered solids but later was shown to take place for various types of waves in disordered media. For three-dimensional (3D) disorder, it takes place only in a restricted band of frequencies, separated from the rest of the spectrum by mobility edges, and only when the disorder is strong enough. Our recent results indicate that the vector nature of waves (microwaves, light, elastic waves) used in the experiments on Anderson localization, plays an important role. In particular, the transverse electromagnetic waves cannot be localized by a random 3D arrangement of resonant point-like scatterers (atoms), whereas the elastic waves, which have a longitudinal component as well, can be localized in a way very similar to scalar waves. However, the localization of light can still be made possible by putting the atoms in a strong external magnetic field. We will present a unified view on Anderson localization and compute the localization phase diagrams and the critical parameters (mobility edges and critical exponents) of Anderson localization transitions for elastic waves and light scattered by atoms in a strong magnetic field. Despite the differences between these two systems, they turn out to belong to the same universality class. Liens :LPMMC |
Lukas Sieberer | Détails Fermer |
Order by anisotropy in two-dimensional driven-open systems le vendredi 14 septembre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The spatial and temporal order of two-dimensional systems with a continuous U(1) symmetry is determined by the dynamics of vortices. At low temperatures, vortices of opposite charge form tightly bound pairs, while they are free to roam and destroy order as the temperature is increased. Interestingly, driving the system out of equilibrium alters the interaction of vortices in a drastic way: Instead of being long-ranged and thus capable of holding together pairs of vortices and anti-vortices in the ordered phase, out of equilibrium the interaction becomes screened, and defects proliferate. Here, we show that the structure of defects and their interaction can equally dramatically be modified by the breaking of rotational symmetry. For sufficiently strong spatial anisotropy, the force that binds pairs of defects can even be enhanced up to parametrically large scales. As a consequence, the vortex-unbinding crossover in such finite-size systems exhibits peculiar universal behavior. In the thermodynamic limit, we argue that the modified structure of defects renders a stable ordered phase possible. These results, which we obtain by analyzing the compact anisotropic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (caKPZ) equation, are relevant for a wide variety of physical systems, ranging from strongly coupled light-matter quantum systems such as exciton-polaritons, to recently proposed classical time crystals. Liens : |
Doron Cohen (Ben Gurion University) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum thermalization and STIRAP through chaos in Bose-Hubbard circuits le mercredi 12 septembre 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We clarify the role of "quantum chaos" in the analysis of Bose-Hubbard
circuits. Specifically we address themes that are related to
thermalization and localization [1], quasi-static sweep processes [2],
and meta-stability of condensates [3].
References[1] A. Dey, D. Cohen, A. Vardi, arXiv:1805.05165[2] C. Khripkov, A. Vardi, D. Cohen, PRE 97, 022127 (2018) [3] G. Arwas, D. Cohen (in preparation). |
Enrico Compagno (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Two-boson correlations in three weakly coupled Bose-Einstein condensates le mercredi 05 septembre 2018 à 10:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Konstantin Bliokh (RIKEN, Japan) | Détails Fermer |
Optical momentum and angular momentum in complex media le vendredi 06 juillet 2018 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
Tobias Haug (Center for quantum technologies) | Détails Fermer |
Andreev-reflection and Aharonov-Bohm dynamics in atomtronic circuits le mercredi 04 juillet 2018 à 11:00 |
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Alioscia Hamma (University of Massachusetts Boston) | Détails Fermer |
Entanglement Complexity and the Emergence of Irreversibility in Quantum Mechanics le vendredi 29 juin 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The onset of irreversibility in physics is one of the great questions at the heart of statistical mechanics. The second principle of thermodynamics in essence states that spontaneous processes happen in one direction. In classical physics irreversibility can only happen with some seed of randomness or coarse graining and topological mixing. Since coarse graining and the counting of micro states is arbitrary in classical physics, firmer grounds for statistical mechanics must be found in the quantum domain. At a first glance the quantum case looks even harder. In a closed system evolution is unitary, and therefore the entropy of a quantum state cannot increase. Moreover, unitary evolution is always reversible, so irreversibility is strictly speaking impossible. In classical mechanics irreversibility is due to chaos, that is, high sensitivity to initial conditions. But in quantum mechanics, unitarity implies that slightly different initial conditions do not evolve into highly different states. In this talk we take seriously the idea that the defining feature of quantum mechanics is entanglement. As such, irreversibility must be a consequence of entanglement. As we shall see, it is not the amount of entanglement per se that is important, but its complexity. We show that complexity of entanglement classifies the dynamical behavior of a isolated quantum many-body system and determines its irreversibility and the approach to thermalization. Liens : |
Piero Naldesi (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Raise and fall (and spin) of a bright soliton in an optical lattice le mercredi 27 juin 2018 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Andrew Daley | Détails Fermer |
Controlled dissipation and dynamics in quantum simulators le vendredi 22 juin 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Over the past few years, several experimental platforms from Atomic, Molecular and Optical (AMO) physics have begun to be used as quantum simulators. These are devices where we have excellent microscopic understanding and control – allowing us to write down microscopic models under well-controlled approximations, and to adjust the parameters of these models to explore a wide range of phenomena arising from many-body physics. An important aspect of these systems that is often not widely discussed is that we also have excellent microscopic understanding of the dissipative dynamics of these systems, and means to engineer this dissipation (e.g., via controlled light scattering, or introduction of a reservoir gas). This provides new possibilities to observe the effects of dissipation on many-body dynamics, and also new tools to produce interesting many-body quantum states. I will discuss this, with examples from our recent theoretical work on dissipative engineering of spin-entangled states, and exploration of light scattering and its effects on the dynamics and decoherence of many-body states in optical lattices. Liens : |
Stagiaires M2 (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mercredi 20 juin 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : - Anastasia - Frederick - candidat de Sergey - Théotime Liens :LPMMC |
Tin Sulejmanpasic (ENS) | Détails Fermer |
Fractionalization between the vacua: from QCD to quantum magnetism le vendredi 15 juin 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) -- the theory of strong nuclear forces -- has baffled the physics community and remains one of the poorly understood parts of the standard model. Its quintessential property: the confinement of quarks into protons, neutrons and mesons, while verified both experimentally and numerically, remains an elusive theoretical problem. The various cousins of QCD are however possible to understand to varying degrees and precision. In some of these theories the vacuum state is degenerate, and hence allows for domain walls -- a surface excitation which interpolates between two vacua of the theory. These domain walls have a remarkable property that quarks become liberated on them, and the domain wall excitation spectrum is very different from that of the bulk. Such QCD cousins are, unfortunately, not the physical theory, and they do not occur in nature. QCD however has another unlikely cousin: the Valence Bond Solid (VBS) state of the quantum anti-ferromagnet, where spin 1/2 excitations (or spinons) are bound into spin 1 excitations by a mechanism very similar to confinement of quarks. Perhaps surprisingly the low energy theory describing the behavior of the VBS phase is virtually identical to its QCD cousins under certain conditions. Further the VBS phase may have multiple vacua, and thus support domain walls, which in turn support liberated spinon excitations absent in the bulk. This has been verified numerically in the so-called J-Q model. These domain wall modes can in fact be seen as edge modes akin to those of the symmetry protected topological state. A multidisciplinary effort is slowly emerging to understand such phenomena, from the theoretical aspects of fundamental and condensed matter physics, to the numerical efforts in trying to understand QCD and quantum magnets. Liens : |
Jacopo (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Dynamical properties of impenetrable bosons in optical lattices le mercredi 13 juin 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The study of strongly correlated quantum systems is one of the most interesting and intriguing research field in physics. The framework of ultracold gases in optical lattices allows to explore equilibrium and non-equilibrium properties of such systems. One example is the Tonks-Girardeau (TG) gas, in which the infinite repulsive delta- like interaction mimics the Pauli exclusion principle and is reflected into the well known mapping to non-interacting fermions. While local quantities are identical to the fermionic case, all non local ones, like correlations or momentum distribution, are significally different. We develop a powerful method to study the spectral function of the TG gas by using only single particle orbitals, and apply it to inspect the behaviour of ultracold gases in a periodic lattice with hard-wall confining. Moreover, the efficient implementation of the one body green’s functions provide an instrument to investigate energy and mass transport in periodic media and quasicrystals via the scheme of non equilibrium green’s functions. Liens :LPMMC |
Vincent Michal (Qutech - TU Delft) | Détails Fermer |
Interaction without back-action in the context of quantum manipulation le vendredi 08 juin 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We study the interaction between two quantum systems (A and B) that is mediated by their common linear environment. If the environment is out of equilibrium the resulting interaction violates Onsager relations and cannot be described by a Hamiltonian. In simple terms the action of system A on system B does not necessarily produce a back action. We derive general quantum equations describing the situation and analyze in details their classical correspondence. Changing the properties of the environment one can easily change and engineer the resulting interaction. It is tempting to use this for quantum manipulation of the systems. However the resulting quantum gate is not always unitary and may induce a loss of quantum coherence. For a relevant example we consider systems A and B to be spins of arbitrary values and arrange the interaction to realize an analogue of the two-qubit CNOT gate. The direction of spin A controls the rotation of spin B while spin A is not rotated experiencing no back-action from spin B. We solve the quantum dynamics equations and analyze the purity of the resulting density matrix. The resulting purity essentially depends on the initial states of the systems. We attempt to find a universal characteristics of the purity optimizing it for the worst choice of initial states. For both spins sA=sB=1/2, the optimized purity is bounded by 1/2 irrespective of the details of the gate. We also study in detail the semiclassical limit of large spins. In this case the optimized purity is bounded by (1 et Ï€/2)-1 ≈ 0.39. This is much better than the typical purity of a large spin state ∼ s-1. We conclude that although the quantum manipulation without back-action inevitably causes decoherence of the quantum states the actual purity of the resulting state can be optimized and made relatively high. |
Nicolas Victorin (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Excitations and correlations in Bose-Hubbard coupled rings le mercredi 06 juin 2018 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
CPTGA 1er juin (Café (Florida State University) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Critical Behavior at the Mott Point: the Status Quo le vendredi 1er juin 2018 à 11:00 |
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Keith Gilmore (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Reproducing dynamical excitations observed in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering through Bethe-Salpeter calculations le vendredi 25 mai 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is a relatively new technique for probing low energy excitations in materials. In addition to traditional techniques, such as angle resolved photoemission, it has become an important, high precision characterization tool of strongly correlated electron materials. To calculate RIXS, and related core and valence level spectra, we solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) based on a self-energy corrected density functional theory electronic structure. I outline our implementation of the BSE and use SrVO3 for demonstration. Non fluorescence features in RIXS arise from a dynamic response of the system to the intermediate state perturbation. Since the Bethe-Salpeter equation is typically reduced to the static limit in practice, these dynamic excitations are generally not reproduced. To include interactions beyond the static BSE I introduce the cumulant expansion. Spectral functions derived from a GW self-energy are typically inadequate when the dressed Green’s function is built via the Dyson equation. With the same GW self-energy, a superior Green’s function and spectral function, implicitly including vertex corrections, is obtained through the cumulant expansion. I consider application of cumulant spectral functions to photoemission, photoabsorption, and X-ray scattering. Lastly, vibronic coupling has important impacts on these spectra. I show how to calculation the phonon contribution to photoemission, absorption and scattering with a vibronic cumulant. Liens : |
Jordan Hervy (ILL, LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mercredi 16 mai 2018 à 13:30 |
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Liens :ILL, LPMMC |
Paolo Politi (Institute for Complex Systems, CNR - Florence) | Détails Fermer |
Conservation laws and nonequilibrium dynamics le vendredi 04 mai 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : One of the simplest examples of nonequilibrium dynamics varying in the presence of a conservation law is the coarsening process of the kinetic Ising model, whose exponent changes from 1/2 to 1/3 if the magnetization is conserved. We start showing that this difference may be strongly enhanced by increasing the interaction range of the ferromagnetic coupling, which determines a speed-up in nonconserved coarsening while it almost freezes conserved coarsening [1]. Conserved quantities are also relevant to obtain a condensation-like transition in non interacting systems: we will discuss the relaxation process of a simple model, which may be considered as a rough approximation of the Discrete Nonlinear Schroedinger Equation [2], whose dynamics is actually much, much slower. [1] Federico Corberi, Eugenio Lippiello and Paolo Politi Effective mobility and diffusivity in coarsening processes EPL 119, 26005 (2017) [2] Stefano Iubini, Antonio Politi and Paolo Politi Relaxation and coarsening of weakly-interacting breathers in a simplified DNLS chain J. Stat. Mech.: Theory and Experiments, 073201 (2017) Liens : |
Jordan Hervy (LPMMC) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mercredi 25 avril 2018 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Louk Rademaker (Perimeter Institute) | Détails Fermer |
Quenching the Kitaev honeycomb model le vendredi 20 avril 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The Kitaev honeycomb model is one of the few exactly solvable models with a spin liquid ground state. Here I will discuss the dynamics of an initial antiferromagnetic state time evolved with the Kitaev model. I find a dynamic crossover to a valence bond solid. When the spin interactions are anisotropic, an exponentially long prethermalized regime appears. Reference: arXiv:1710.09761 Liens : |
Markus Holtzmann (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mercredi 04 avril 2018 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Enderalp Yakaboylu (Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria) | Détails Fermer |
Emergence of non-Abelian magnetic monopoles and Anyonic statistics in quantum impurity problems le vendredi 23 mars 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : By virtue of emergent gauge fields in quantum impurity problems, we demonstrate that in experimentally realized regime the angulon, a quantum rotor dressed by bosonic excitations, can be seen as a point charge on a two-sphere interacting with a gauge field of non-Abelian monopole. We find a topological transition associated with making the monopole Abelian, which takes place in the vicinity of the previously reported angulon instabilities. Furthermore, we show that identical impurities interacting with a two dimensional many-particle environment obey anyonic statistics. In particular, we find that due to the many-body interactions between impurities and the bath, each of the impurities can be viewed as a flux-tube-charged-particle composite described by fractional statistics. This amounts to a novel configuration with emerging anyons, which is fundamentally different from the previously studied fractional quantum Hall and Kitaev model settings. Liens : |
Peter Schuck (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Pairing in inhomogeneous systems and quantum clusters : cold atoms in traps, metallic grains, atomic nuclei, etc. le mercredi 21 mars 2018 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Juan Polo Gomez (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Damping of Josephson oscillations in strongly correlated one-dimensional atomic gases le mercredi 14 mars 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We study the Josephson oscillations of two strongly correlated one-dimensional bosonic clouds separated by a localized barrier. Using a quantum-Langevin approach and the exact Tonks-Girardeau solution in the impenetrable-boson limit, we determine the dynamical evolution of the particle-number imbalance, displaying an effective damping of the Josephson oscillations which depends on barrier height, interaction strength and temperature. We show that the damping originates from the quantum and thermal fluctuations intrinsically present in the strongly correlated gas. Thanks to the density-phase duality of the model, the same results apply to particle-current oscillations in a one-dimensional ring where a weak barrier couples different angular momentum states. Liens :LPMMC |
Rob Whitney (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Laws of thermodynamics and fluctuation theorems for quantum machines le vendredi 09 mars 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Consider quantum dots (or other nanostructures) which can convert a heat flow into electrical power, or can use power to move heat from a cold reservoir to a hot one. Do such systems obey the same laws of thermodynamics as macroscopic heat engines? How does one get the second law of thermodynamics when the Schrodinger equation is invariant under time-reversal? What approximations can one make on the dynamics without unphysical violations of the laws of thermodynamics? I consider these questions in the context of a real-time Keldysh theory of transport for a nanostructure coupled to reservoirs of electrons and phonons, with particular interest in the difficult case of strong system-reservoir coupling. I explicitly formulate how our lack of information leads to entropy production with what I call a "no Maxwell demons" assumption. I then show that a simple microscopic symmetry in the Feynman diagrams enables one to show that the first and second law of thermodynamics are obeyed on average, but that fluctuations violate them. I show that these fluctuations obey a variety of fluctuation theorems (Jarzynski equality, Crooks equation, etc). Finally I mention the well-known approximations that satisfy this symmetry, and thus will not lead to unphysical thermodynamics. Liens : |
Masahiro 07 mars (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Adiabatic pumping induced by reservoir parameter driving in a quantum dot system. le mercredi 07 mars 2018 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Paolo Politi (Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, CNR, Florence) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
Conservation laws and nonequilibrium dynamics le vendredi 02 mars 2018 à 11:00 |
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Annulé
Liens : |
CPTGA 14 février (Café (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum dynamics in the presence of interactions le mercredi 14 février 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Interactions between atoms often introduce large amounts of complexity into many-particle systems, but they can also lead to new and interesting physical regimes. In this presentation I will discuss several examples of interacting ultra cold atomic systems, where tuneable interactions allow to access new dynamical situations or create new control techniques. The first example will be taken from our efforts towards a full set of techniques to coherently control the external state of small samples of ultracold atoms using spatial adiabatic passage, and in the second an increased interaction in a multicomponent BEC system is shown to lead to emergence of classical behaviour in a fully quantum mechanical system. Liens : |
Andrej Mesaros (LPS - Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Fractionalized particles on defects in topological insulators and superconductors le vendredi 09 février 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Recent experiments on one-dimensional and two-dimensional materials have been very successful in realizing topological states of electrons, with one of ultimate goals being the creation of emergent Majorana particles. Such emergent particles can have fractional charge, spin, and/or quantum statistics, so they are interesting both fundamentally and for quantum computing applications, but remain hard to realize. We will discuss the use of topological defects as a way to realize fractional particles. By combining analytic and numerical approaches we predict Majorana particles, having favorable energetic properties, in certain vortices of two-dimensional superconductors. Our predictions fully explain puzzling features of recent experiments at INSP Jussieu. We will also focus on lattice dislocations in topological insulators as realizations of more complex fractional particles. General properties of fractionalized particles and open questions will also be discussed. Liens : |
Jacopo Settino (Université de Calabre) | Détails Fermer |

Static and dynamical properties of ultracold gas in a periodic and incommensurate potential le mercredi 07 février 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We explore static and dynamical properties of fermionic and hardcore bosonic cold atomic gas trapped by the combination of two potentials (bichromatic lattice) with incommensurate periods. Firstly we study the effect of the metal to insulator transition, and the presence of a mobility edge, into many-body measurable quantities, such as the momentum distribution. Then we study the long time dynamics of the gas, subject to a quantum quench, by looking at both single particle and global quantities, namely the single particle Green's function and the Loschmidt echo. In the case of a periodic lattice we show that the asymptotic dynamics manifests the Anderson Orthogonality Catastrophe (AOC) and we find a general analytic expression for the power law exponent which is then compared with our numerical results. On the other hand in the case of an incommensurate potential, which shows a mtal-to-insulator transition, we observe the suppression of the AOC and an anomalous spreading of correlations as the transition point is approached. We discuss these results from the point of view of the nature of the single particle energy spectrum and show that these anomalous features come from the particular geometry of the system. Liens : |
Jerome Dubail (Institut Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine) | Détails Fermer |
Hydrodynamics of 1d bosons with delta repulsion le vendredi 02 février 2018 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Describing and understanding the motion of quantum gases out of equilibrium is a tremendous challenge for theorists. In 2006, the groundbreaking Quantum Newton Cradle experiment [1], where it was observed that two 1d clouds of cold atoms bounce against each other indefinitely without relaxation, provided impetus for many developments on the effects of low dimensionality in out-of-equilibrium quantum physics. But it is only thanks to the breakthrough of « Generalized HydroDynamics (GHD) » in 2016 [2] that one now possesses the adequate tools for an effective large-scale description of that experiment [3]. The purpose of this talk will be to give an introduction to those recent theoretical advances. Refs: [1] Kinoshita, Wenger and Weiss, Nature 440, 900, 2006 [2] Castro-Alvaredo, Doyon and Yoshimura, PRX 6, 041065, 2016 and Bertini, Collura, de Nardis and Fagotti, PRL 117, 207201, 2016 [3] Caux, Doyon, Dubail, Konik, Yoshimura, arXiv:1711.00873 Liens : |
Gianluca Catelani (Forschungszentrum Juelich) | Détails Fermer |
Measuring and controlling quasiparticles in superconducting qubits le mercredi 24 janvier 2018 à 11:00 |
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Enrico Compagno (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Lattice Based Low Control Quantum Technology le mercredi 17 janvier 2018 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Juan Polo (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Solitons and C2-kaleidoscope le vendredi 12 janvier 2018 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
A study on the topological nature of Landau levels in a 2D muffin-tin potential lattice le mardi 09 janvier 2018 à 14:30 |
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Etienne Jussiau (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 21 décembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Cécile Répellin (MIT) | Détails Fermer |
Stability of the spin-1/2 kagome ground state with breathing anisotropy le lundi 18 décembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are strongly correlated phases which cannot be characterized by a spontaneous symmetry breaking at zero temperature. Their exotic features (such as fractionalized excitations and topological properties) and the prospect of realizing them in frustrated magnets have aroused a lot of interest. The kagome lattice antiferromagnet is one the main model candidates which may realize a QSL. It poses a challenge to theorists and experimentalists alike: materials such as herbertsmithite can be approximated by this model but additional terms and disorder may change the nature of the ground state entirely. On the theoretical front, the ground state of the ideal model is generally admitted to be a QSL whose precise nature remains one of the most debated questions of the field, the (gapped) topological Z2 spin liquid and (gapless) dirac spin liquid being two of the strongest candidates. We study the spin-1/2 breathing (or trimerized) kagome lattice. In this variation of the kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet (which appears in a recently synthesized vanadium compound), the spins belonging to upward and downward facing triangles have different coupling strengths. Beyond the experimental motivation, connecting the ideal kagome ground state to its fully trimerized counterpart may bring important insight into the nature of the kagome ground state, as strong coupling approaches have suggested the importance of the trimerized model as an effective model capturing most low energy degrees of freedom. Using DMRG and exact diagonalizations, we show the large stability of the kagome ground state upon introducing the breathing anisotropy. Exploration of the entanglement properties of the ground state confirm this picture, and reveal the persistence of signatures of Dirac excitations even for relatively large breathing anisotropy. Finally, we closely examine the limit of strong breathing anisotropy and find indications of a transition to a nematic phase. Liens : |
Nicolas Victorin (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Bosonic double lattice ring under a gauge field le jeudi 14 décembre 2017 à 10:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Leonardo Mazza (ENS) | Détails Fermer |
Majorana fermions in particle-conserving settings le vendredi 08 décembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The paradigmatic condensed-matter models where zero-energy localized Majorana fermions have been studied so far have the distinguishing feature of not conserving the number of fermions. Moreover, the accepted definition of Majorana fermion naturally belongs to this scenario. Is it possible to discuss Majorana fermions in canonical particle-conserving settings? In this seminar I will present several exact and numerical results on Majorana fermions in particle-conserving scenarios. I will start from the discussion of a model for bosons and fermions where, in a proper limit, the physics of the celebrated Kitaev chain appears. I will continue by presenting exact results on Majorana fermions in ladder models where the two legs of the system can only exchange pair of particles. Finally, I will comment on the possibility of making experiments with Majorana fermions in particle-conserving settings. References: Iemini, LM, Rossini, Fazio and Diehl, PRL 115, 156402 (2015) Iemini, LM, Fallani, Zoller, Fazio, Dalmonte, PRL 118, 200404 (2017) Liens : |
Piero Naldesi (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Soliton interferometry in a ring le jeudi 07 décembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Michele Fillipone | Détails Fermer |
The Interacting Mesoscopic Capacitor Out of Equilibrium le vendredi 1er décembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The mesoscopic capacitor has revealed an efficient quantum device to achieve the triggered emission of single coherent electrons in solid state systems. The role of electron-electron interactions in these systems strongly driven out-of-equilibrium still requires clarification. We consider the full nonequilibrium response of a mesoscopic capacitor in the large transparency limit, exactly solving a model with electron-electron interactions appropriate for a cavity. For a cavity coupled to the electron reservoir via an ideal point contact, we show that the response to any time-dependent gate voltage Vg(t) is strictly linear in Vg. We analyze the charge and current response to a sudden gate voltage shift, and find that this response is not captured by a simple circuit analogy. In particular, in the limit of strong interactions a sudden change in the gate voltage leads to the emission of a sequence of multiple charge pulses, the width and separation of which are controlled by the charge-relaxation time Ï„c=h Cg/e2 and the time of flight Ï„f. Our results are compared with recent noise measurements in Hong-Ou-Mandel experiments (Freulon et al. Nat. Comm. 6, 6854 (2015)). Our approach justifies the presence of an unexplained dip in the noise as a function of the time delay of activation of the two sources and highlights the unexpected importance of interaction effects in the dynamics of quantum cavities in these experiments. We also consider the effect of a finite reflection amplitude in the point contact, which leads to nonlinear-in-gate-voltage corrections to the charge and current response. ReferencePhys. Rev. B 96, 085429 (2017) Liens : |
Aleksandr Svetogorov (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Coherent quantum phase-slips in one-dimensional inhomogeneous superconductors le jeudi 30 novembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Artur Slobodeniuk | Détails Fermer |
Fine structure of multilayer TMDC: when more is different le jeudi 23 novembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Jiri Minar (University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy) | Détails Fermer |
Localization phenomena and topological properties of atomic lattice gases with long-range interactions le vendredi 17 novembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Pierre Nataf (ETH Zürich) | Détails Fermer |
Numerical methods to investigate Heisenberg SU(N) lattice models. le jeudi 16 novembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Systems of multicolor fermions have recently raised considerable interest due to the pos-
sibility to experimentally study those systems on optical lattices with ultracold atoms [1].
To describe the Mott insulating phase of N-colors fermions, one can start with the SU(N)
Heisenberg Hamiltonian. In the case of one particule per site, the SU(N) Heisenberg Hamiltonian takes the form of a Quantum permutation Hamiltonian H = J∑*lt;i,j>Pij , where the
transposition operator Pij exchanges two colors on neighboring sites.
We have developped a method[2] to implement the SU(N) symmetry in an Exact Diagonalization algorithm. In particular, the method enables one to diagonalize the Hamiltonian
directly in the irreducibe representations of SU(N), thanks to the use of standard Young
tableaux[3], which are shown to form a very convenient basis to diagonalize the problem. It
allowed us to prove that the ground state of the Heisenberg SU(5) model on the square lat-
tice is long range color ordered [2] and it provided evidence that the phase of the Heisenberg
SU(6) model on the Honeycomb lattice is a plaquette phase [4]. Finally, SU(N) chiral phases
on the triangular lattice with artificial gauge fields are also investigated and characterized
through ED[5]. Liens :Pierre NatafETH Zürich |
Itai Arad (Physics Department, Technicon) | Détails Fermer |
Efficient representation of many-body ground states le vendredi 10 novembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum Hamiltonian Complexity is a branch of quantum information which looks at quantum many-body Hamiltonians, the backbone of condensed-matter physics, through the lenses of quantum information and computational complexity. In this talk I will demonstrate this unique perspective by asking to what extent ground states of quantum spin systems are quantum or classical. I will study this question by defining "classical states" as those which can be well-approximated using only a polynomial number of degrees of freedom, despite the fact that they live in an exponentially large Hilbert space. I will explain why this problem was essentially solved for the case of one dimensional spin chains, and why it is still wide open for systems in higher dimensions. I will also explain how it is related to the existence of area laws and tensor-networks description. Finally, I will present some recent progress on this question for a class of frustrated 2D systems. Liens : |
CPTGA 06 novembre (University of Alberta, Edmonton) | Détails Fermer |
The fate of microemulsions in two-dimensional systems: yes, sometimes numbers matter le lundi 06 novembre 2017 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Two-dimensional systems of particles interacting via a purely repulsive potential, decaying at large distances as the cubic inverse power of the distance, have been the subject of much theoretical and experimental investigation. On general grounds, an ordinary fluid to crystal phase transition should take place at zero temperature, on increasing the density. However, an elegant argument was provided a decade ago [1] to the effect that no conventional first order phase transition could occur, as ordinary coexistence of fluid and crystal phases separated by a microscopic interface would be energetically unstable at low temperature. For, the system could lower its energy by forming a so-called microemulsion, namely a novel phase of matter featuring large solid clusters ("bubbles") floating in the fluid. This intriguing prediction could in principle be observed experimentally in assemblies of cold dipolar atoms, but also in excitonic systems in semiconductor quantum wells. Failure to observe this scenario experimentally or in numerical simulation prompted a reexamination of the original argument; as it turns out, the characteristic size of the bubbles in the micro motion crucially depends on specific features of the phase transition, such as melting and freezing densities, as well as on the energy per unit length of a macroscopic interface separating the two phases. No reliable estimate was available of any of the three quantities until recently, when the first first principle calculation was completed. I shall describe it in this talk, and argue that based on its results the micro emulsion scenario is of "academic" interest only, due to the astronomically large length scales involved. [1] B. Spivak and S. Kivelson, Phys. Rev. B 70, 155114 (2004)​ Liens : |
Matthieu Vanicat (Department of Theoretical Physics, Ljubljana) | Détails Fermer |
Matrix ansatz in integrable non-equilibrium models le jeudi 02 novembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I will present new examples of exactly solvable exclusion processes. They are models of particles in interaction on a one dimensional lattice with L sites. The particles are evolving randomly on the lattice following simple stochastic rules. The lattice is connected at its extremities to particle reservoirs with different densities which drive the system out-of-equilibrium. I will explain how to compute exactly the stationary distribution (which does not obey a Boltzmann statistics) in a matrix product form. This will allow us to compute analytically physical quantities such as particle current and correlation functions. We will also be able to make connection with an hydrodynamic description: the Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory. |
Jordi Boronat (Departament de Fisica, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain) | Détails Fermer |
Ultradilute drops of bosons le vendredi 20 octobre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Strongly interacting systems of dipolar bosons in three dimensions confined by harmonic traps are analyzed using the exact path integral ground-state Monte Carlo method. By adding a repulsive two-body potential, we find a narrow window of interaction parameters leading to stable ground-state configurations of droplets in a crystalline arrangement. We find that this effect is entirely due to the interaction present in the Hamiltonian without resorting to additional stabilizing mechanisms or specific three-body forces. In a different context, we will show preliminary results on the formation of dilute liquid drops in Bose mixtures with interspecies attraction. Liens : |
Jose Maria Escalante Fernandez (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Anderson localization in classical waves : the role played by its vector character le jeudi 19 octobre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Maxim Olshanyi (University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA) | Détails Fermer |
Scattering of a Gross-Pitaevskii breather off a barrier: the Inverse Scattering Transform made tangible le vendredi 13 octobre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A key observable signature of integrability---of the existence of infinitely many "higher" conservation laws---in a system supporting solitons is the fact that a collision between solitons does not change their shape or size. But then, if solitons meet on top of a strong integrability-breaking barrier, one would expect the solitons to undergo some process consistent with energy conservation but not with higher conservation laws, such as the larger soliton cannibalizing the smaller one. However, here we show that when a strongly-coupled "breather" of the integrable nonlinear Schrodinger equation is scattered off a strong barrier, the solitons constituting the breather separate but survive the collision: as we launch a breather with a fixed impact speed at barriers of lower and lower height, at first all constituent solitons are fully reflected, then, at a critical barrier height, the smallest soliton gets to be fully transmitted, while the other ones are still fully reflected. This persists as the barrier is lowered some more until, at another critical height, the second smallest soliton begins to be fully transmitted as well, etc., resulting in a staircase-like transmission plot, with _quantized_ plateaus. We show how this effect makes tangible the _inverse scattering transform_: the powerful, but otherwise physically opaque mathematical formalism for solving completely integrable partial differential equations. Supported by the NSF, ONR, and US-Israel BSF. In collaboration with V. Dunjko. Liens : |
Sathishkumar Rangaswamy Kuppuswamy et | Détails Fermer |
Satish : Modelling of Exciton Binding Energy in Semiconductor Nanocrystals et Achille: Dielectric Properties of Luttinger Semimetals le jeudi 12 octobre 2017 à 13:30 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
BKT phase transition in 2D polariton condensates le jeudi 12 octobre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Polariton condensation has been observed in many different systems, ranging from standard inorganic 2D microcavities and 1D wires to 0D confined systems. The coherence build up process behind the condensate formation has been widely studied but the presence of an exciton reservoir and the unavoidable effects of the finite size of the excitation area are detrimental and in some cases have been heavily underestimated. Thanks to a sample with very long polariton lifetime and with a marked spatial homogeneity it is possible to generate an extended condensed state outside of the laser spot. Here we show the fascinating exhibition of an equilibrium Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase, despite the intrinsic dissipation character of polariton quasi-particles, characterised by a power-law coherence decay both in time and space domain. Such a combined observation opens the doors to the study of the excitations spectrum of driven-dissipative condensates with high energy resolution. Liens : |
CPTGA 06 octobre (Café (LPTMS, Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum coherence in bilayer graphene structures le vendredi 06 octobre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Macroscopic quantum coherence is known to happen in liquid Helium, in superconductors and also in systems with more delicate entities like polaritons and excitons. The exciton condensation in semiconductor devices is known to happen in the quantum Hall regime. It happens in the realm of "quantum Hall ferromagnetism" where degeneracies due to spin and valley degrees of freedom play a major role. Monolayer and bilayer graphene in the quantum Hall regime have such degeneracies and may display numerous phases with various types of condensation. After givng an overview of these ideas I will describe the status of experimental/theoretical understanding of bilayer graphene at various integer filling factors in the quantum Hall regime. Liens : |
Andrew Mitchell (University College Dublin) | Détails Fermer |
Correlated quantum transport through dots and molecules le vendredi 29 septembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : When nanoscale components are incorporated into external circuits, electronic transport can exhibit striking quantum phenomena with no classical analogue -- such as entanglement, quantum interference, and fractionalization. In this seminar I discuss recent theoretical progress in understanding two related classes of nanoelectronic device: semiconductor quantum dots and single-molecule junctions. The new charge-Kondo quantum dot design paradigm allows unprecedented opportunities to engineer exotic quantum critical states, with beautiful agreement between experiment and theory. On the other hand, the fundamental physics of molecular junctions is often obfuscated by orbital complexity. Here I present a theoretical framework to understand such devices, and novel predictions for a new Kondo Blockade effect. [1] Mitchell, Pedersen, Hedegaard, Paaske, Nature Communications, 8, 15210 (2017) [2] Mitchell, Landau, Fritz, Sela, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 157202 (2016) [3] Iftikhar, Anthore, Mitchell, et al, arXiv:1708.02542 Liens : |
Davide Squizzato (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 28 septembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Florian Eich 22 (Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg) | Détails Fermer |
Charge and Energy Transport at the Nanoscale: A Density-Functional Theory Perspective le vendredi 22 septembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The theoretical description of charge and energy flow at atomic length and time scales has received renewed interest due to advances in experimental techniques. For example, recent experiments demonstrate the ability to measure temperatures at the nano scale. This raises a host of fundamental question such as: Can we define a local temperature at atomic length scales? When do quantum mechanical effects, such as interference, become important? How can we use the notion of temperature, which is well-defined in the context of statistical physics, to describe non-equilibrium phenomena? In my talk I will try to address these questions and provide an overview over a novel non-equilibrium density-functional approach, dubbed time-dependent thermal density-functional theory, which aims at an efficient description of charge and energy transport phenomena at the nanoscale. Liens : |
Biagio Lucini 15 (Swansea University) | Détails Fermer |
Density of states and numerical simulations: from Statistical Mechanics to Gauge Theories le vendredi 15 septembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Determining the density of states through a Monte Carlo method allow us to rephrase numerical simulations into a framework that circumvents importance sampling and with it some of the drawbacks of importance sampling methods. In this work, we shall present a recently proposed algorithm based on a non-Markovian process which has been conceived to determine efficiently continuous density of states. Using as prototype the Potts model and the U(1) Lattice Gauge Theory system, we shall show that the method is very effective at avoiding ergodicity problems related to strong metastabilities at first order phase transition points. We then present more preliminary results on the direct computation of partition functions, on the avoidance of topological trapping in systems where topological objects play a crucial role in the dynamics and on the “solution†of the sign problem. Liens : |
Gianluca Rastelli | Détails Fermer |
Dissipative phase transition with quantum frustration le vendredi 08 septembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We study a quantum dissipative rotor model in which each local phase difference and each local momentum are uniformly coupled to two different baths. Such systems can represent e.g. a chain of resistively shunted Josephson junctions and capacitively coupled to a diffusive metal. The first dissipative coupling quenches the quantum phase fluctuations favoring the long-range phase order (i.e. superconducting ground state) whereas the second one quenches momentum fluctuations destroying phase coherence (insulating ground state). Using the self-consistent harmonic approximation, we calculate the zero temperature phase diagram as determined by the two dissipative coupling constants and the bare zero point fluctuations. As an effect of the quantum frustration for the two canonical conjugate observables, we obtain an rich phase diagram with a non-monotonic behavior: for instance, the ground state can change from superconducting to insulating and back to the superconducting phase by increasing the dissipation. Liens : |
Julien Varignon (CNRS-Thalès) | Détails Fermer |
First-principles study of strongly correlated oxide perovskites le mardi 05 septembre 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Transition metal oxides with a ABO3 perovskite structure have attracted widespread interest over the last decades, both from an academic and industrial point of view. This is ascribed to their wide range of functionalities going from superconductivity, ferroelectricity, magnetism, orbitalorderings or thermoelectricity for instance. This diversity in their physical behaviour comes from the interplay between lattice, charge, orbital and magnetic degrees of freedom allowed by the transition metal [1]. Among all perovskites, a special emphasis has been dedicated to systems with a 3d transition metal element on the B site. Indeed, partly filled d shells allow for strong electronic correlations and/or ionic (lighter elements) or covalent (heavier elements) effects that in turn can have a dramatic influence on the properties of the materials. In the context of understanding the microscopic mechanism underlying these phenomenon, as well as engineering novel properties and functionalities with perovskites, Density Functional Theory (DFT) has already demonstrated its efficiency and appears nowadays as an essential tool in solid state physics. In this seminar, I will present two different studies involving correlated and ionic or covalent systems and based on first-principles calculations. In the first part, on the basis of universal symmetry arguments, I will show how to couple lattice mode distortions through the recent “hybrid improper ferroelectricity†mechanism [2,3,4] and enable an electric field control of orbitalorderings and related electronic properties. This concept will be illustrated in rare- earth titanates or rare-earth vanadates based superlattices [5,6] and in highly strained bulk phases of popular perovskites such as BiFeO3 or SrTiO3 [7], where orbital orders can be produced irrespective of electronic degeneracies. In the second part, I will address the problem of rare-earth nickelates and I will evidence that these systems sit at the border line of ionic and covalent characters [8]. Then, I will highlight that covalence can be a powerful lever to control and engineer electronic and magnetic phases both in bulk and at oxide interfaces [9]. [1] Zubko et al, Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 2, 41 (2011). [2] Varignon et al, C.R. Physique 16, 153 (2015). [3] Bousquet et al, Nature 452, 732 (2008). [4] Rondinelli et al, Adv. Mater. 24, 1928 (2012). [5] Bristowe, JV et al, Nat. Commun. 6, 6677 (2015). [6] Varignon et al, Sci. Rep. 5, 15364 (2015). [7] Varignon et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 057602 (2016). [8] Varignon et al, npj Quantum Materials 2, 21 (2017). [9] Grisolia, JV et al, Nat. Phys. 12, 484 (2016). Liens : |
Zhengqiao Li (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 13 juillet 2017 à 13:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
John Helm (University of Otago) | Détails Fermer |
Spin-orbit coupled interferometry with ring–trapped Bose–Einstein condensates le lundi 10 juillet 2017 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : We propose a method of atom-interferometry using a spinor Bose–Einstein (BEC) and the well-established
experimental technique of time-varying magnetic fields as a coherent beam-splitter. Our protocol creates longlived
superpositional counterflow states, which are of fundamental interest and can be made sensitive to both the
Sagnac effect and magnetic fields on the sub micro-Gauss scale. We split a ring-trapped condensate, initially in the
mf = 0 hyperfine sub-level, into superpositions of both internal spin state and condensate superflow [1], which are
spin-orbit coupled. After interrogation a relative phase accumulation can be inferred from a population transfer to
the mf = 1 states [2]. We present numerical and analytical treatments of our system [3].
Liens :University of Otago |
Josh Myers (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 06 juillet 2017 à 13:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Andrew Jordan | Détails Fermer |
The arrow of time for continuous quantum measurements le vendredi 30 juin 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The question of the time reversibility of quantum mechanics with measurements is one that has been debated for some time. In this talk, I will present new work exploring our ability to distinguish the forward from the time-reverse measurement records of continuous quantum measurements. The question involves both the conditions for the time-reversibility of the quantum trajectory equations of motion, as well as statistical distinguishability of the arrow of time. For a continuous qubit measurement example, we demonstrate that time-reversed evolution is physically possible, provided that the measurement record is also negated. Despite this restoration of dynamical reversibility, a statistical arrow of time emerges, and may be quantified by the log-likelihood difference between forward and backward propagation hypotheses. We then show that such reversibility is a universal feature of non-projective measurements, with forward or backward Janus measurement sequences that are time-reversed inverses of each other. J. Dressel, A. Chantasri, A. N. Jordan, A. N. Korotkov, arXiv:1610.03818 Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Maximally entangled states, pair-superfluidity and MORE in a many-body interacting system le jeudi 29 juin 2017 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : In this talk I will present interesting results about the study of quantum correlations
between two species of ultra-cold bosons living on a ring lattice. In the first part, I
going to show that the presence of synthetic magnetic fields can lead to the formation
of entangled states between pair of qudits (high dimensional qubits). Notably,
maximally entangled eigenstates are possible to find for well-defined values of the
Aharonov-Bohm phase of the synthetic magnetic field, which are zero-energy
eigenstates of both the kinetic and interacting parts of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian
[1]. This latter property makes them exeptional and robust for applications. In the
second part, I will focus on the eigenstates of the lowest-energy band in the regime
of large interaction where a pair-superfluid phase naturally emerge for the ground
state. In this scenario, the analysis of the interference pattern in the momentum
distribution indicates a strong connection between entanglement and the pair-
superfluid phase. This is further highlighted by the fact that for maximally entangled
eigenstates any single order tunneling process is naturally suppressed [2]. Thus the
observation of features of a pair-superfluid behavior can be used as a signature of
the presence of entanglement. This might be an important tool for the
characterization of the entanglement in the ground state. Finally, I will discuss the
perspective of using this setting with two type of particles as a benchmark to
investigate the connection between phase coherence and entanglement in many-
body quantum systems.
References
Liens : |
Nicola Lo Gullo ((thermodynamique)) | Détails Fermer |
Ground-state and asymptotic dynamical properties of 1D ultracold gases in the presence of a mobility edge le lundi 26 juin 2017 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : In the first part of the talk we explore the ground-state properties of cold atomic gases focusing on the cases of noninteracting fermions and hard-core (Tonks-Girardeau) bosons, trapped by the combination of two potentials (bichromatic lattice) with incommensurate periods. In the tight-binding limit, the single-particle states in the lowest occupied band show a localization transition, as the strength of the second potential is increased above a certain threshold. In the continuum limit, when the tight-binding approximation does not hold, a mobility edge is found, instead, whose position in energy depends upon the strength of the second potential. Here, we study how the crossover from the discrete to the continuum behavior occurs, and prove that signatures of the localization transition and mobility edge clearly appear in the generic many-body properties of the systems. Specifically, we evaluate the momentum distribution, which is a routinely measured quantity in experiments with cold atoms, and demonstrate that, even in the presence of strong boson-boson interactions (infinite in the Tonks-Girardeau limit), the single-particle mobility edge can be observed in the ground-state properties. In the second part we study the dynamical many-body response of for a one-dimensional fermionic gas in a mono- and bi-chromatic optical potential following the sudden switching-on of a delta-like barrier at some at the center of the system. Specifically we look at the Loschmidt echo as a figure of merit to characterize the response of the system and its long time behavior. In order to evaluate the echo we employ two complementary approaches: (1) functional determinants (Levitov) which gives the exact numerical solution for time- and therefore frequency-resolved responses and (2) a perturbative approach (Linked Cluster Expansion) which provides an accurate evaluation of the contribution of different physical processes involved in the dynamics. Again we focus on the two limits of tight-binding and continuum showing that the phenomenon of the orthogonality catastrophe can be observed in such systems which, unlike their condensed matter counterpart, are nowadays created and controlled with a very high accuracy. Liens : |
Karyn Le Hur (CPHT Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau,) | Détails Fermer |
Many-Body Quantum Physics with Photons le vendredi 23 juin 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We review recent developments in the context of many-body quantum physics with microwave photons in superconducting quantum electrodynamics networks and Josephson junction arrays. First, we show how the Jaynes-Cummings lattice model yields an analogy with the Bose-Hubbard model and can allow to engineer a Mott-superfluid transition of photons. We discuss the challenges to achieve such a transition, requiring the coupling to AC perturbations and the necessity to include dissipation effects. We also discuss progress in methods and probes. Then, we discuss realizations of topological phases and robust photonics by analogy to progress in quantum materials and ultra-cold atoms, and address disorder and interaction effects. We also show the simulation of novel topological chain devices with superconducting and Josephson circuits. Experimental progress and realizations are discussed. Such systems also offer novel platforms to address and probe dissipative and driven quantum impurity physics, such as the Kondo effect. Liens : |
Benoît Vermersch (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum optics with many-body systems of atoms and photons: From quantum networks to entanglement measurement le jeudi 22 juin 2017 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : The physics of light-matter interactions plays a fundamental role for two important research areas in quantum technology: quantum information and quantum simulation. On the one hand, quantum optics theory allows to design robust protocols for the processing of quantum information in quantum networks. On the other hand, in the context of quantum simulation, light-assisted interactions between atoms provide the toolbox to prepare and probe many-body phases of complex Hamiltonians, which are related to long-standing problems in condensed matter (e.g. quantum magnetism or fractional quantum Hall states). In this talk, I will discuss these two topics. I will present our recent results on quantum information processing in quantum networks, and on the engineering of new tools for quantum simulation. At the technical level, I will show how we combine atomic physics, quantum optical techniques and numerical methods borrowed from condensed matter physics (such as Matrix-Product-State (MPS) techniques) to study these types of complex open many-body systems. In the first part I will discuss some of our works related to photonic quantum networks. After a general introduction, I will present a theoretical description of these systems based on the formalism of waveguide QED. This will then allow me to present recent results on the development of robust Quantum State Transfer protocols [1,2,3], and to introduce our MPS techniques for the description of the dynamics of quantum networks beyond the standard treatment of quantum optics. The second part of the seminar will be devoted to quantum simulators. I will first explain the challenge of measuring entanglement, which is essential to characterize various phases in condensed matter physics (such as Fractional Quantum Hall effect or Haldane phase). I will then show how to measure the entanglement spectrum of ground states of generic Hamiltonians based on direct engineering of the entanglement Hamiltonian [4]. Our method, based on the Bisognano-Wichmann theorem [5], allows one to measure entanglement spectra via standard spectroscopy and can be implemented in all quantum simulation platforms. I will provide numerical examples to support this result and give examples of AMO implementations of entanglement Hamiltonians. If time allows, I will present a complementary method based on Random Matrix Theory, which would allow to measure the entanglement growth in a many-body localised (MBL) system [6].
Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Differential imaging in heterogeneous media (2) le jeudi 15 juin 2017 à 13:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Harold Baranger (Duke University) | Détails Fermer |
Nonlinear I-V Curve at a Quantum Critical Point and Quantum Noise le vendredi 09 juin 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Many-body systems that are either driven far from equilibrium or simply subjected to quantum noise exhibit complex interplay between the many-body correlations and the external variables, and so are attracting increasing attention. I shall discuss a system that is particularly advantageous for studying these effects: it exhibits impurity quantum criticality, it is amenable to detailed experimental study (and initial experiments have been done), and it is simple enough theoretically that analytical results can be obtained. (i) First, I briefly survey the experimental system and initial results. The system consists of a spin-polarized carbon nanotube quantum dot connected to resistive leads via tunable tunnel barriers. A quantum critical point (QCP) occurs when a level in the dot is resonant with the leads and the dot is symmetrically coupled to them. (ii) Second, I present our calculation of the nonlinear I-V curve at the QCP and show remarkable agreement with the experiment. This result has a simple interpretation as an environmental blockade, albeit one involving a strange barrier between two chiral fermion modes and a strange environment that involves a nonlinear combination of the original electrons and environment. (iii) Third, turning to a more complicated structure, I discuss the case of two dots in the Kondo regime connected to leads in series. In this system, we find that the (equilibrium) quantum noise from the resistive leads stabilizes a non-Fermi liquid QCP. While it is natural to suppose that quantum noise will suppress many-body correlations, this is a striking counterexample in which the noise "rescues" the quantum phase transition. Liens : |
Katarina Rojan (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 08 juin 2017 à 13:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
CPTGA 02 juin (Institut fuer Mathematische Physik, TU Braunschweig) | Détails Fermer |
The utility of band theory in strongly correlated electron systems le vendredi 02 juin 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Band structure calculations are an important tool in modern material science. Theory and simulation have been shown to provide useful guidelines for materials discovery, design, and optimization. Understanding the collective electronic properties of emergent materials with strong correlations, however, remains a great challenge to condensed-matter theory. Important examples are transition metal oxides, metals containing lanthanide or actinide atoms, and organic conductors. At low temperatures, these materials exhibit novel phenomena like metal-to-insulator transitions, heavy fermions, unconventional superconductivity and unusual magnetism which may eventually provide new functionalities. The complex behavior and the high sensitivity with respect to external fields result from the fact that the quantum mechanical (ground) states are determined by subtle quantum correlations not captured by standard methods of electronic structure calculations. I will review how the band approach can be modified to incorporate the typical many-body effects. Of particular interest is the question when and why standard band theory based on Density Functional Theory may predict the correct Fermi surfaces in many heavy fermion compounds and what we can learn from this agreement. I will present recent results on the evolution with magnetic field of the Fermi surface in heavy fermion systems and magnetic-field-induced Lifshitz transitions. Liens : |
Eiji Kawasaki (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 1er juin 2017 à 13:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Jordan Hervy (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Microtubule decoration by tau proteins le jeudi 18 mai 2017 à 13:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Achim Rosch (University of Cologne) | Détails Fermer |
Pumping spin-chains le jeudi 18 mai 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Weak perturbations can drive an interacting many-particle system far from its initial equilibrium state if one is able to pump into degrees of freedom approximately protected by conservation laws. This concept has for example been used to realize Bose-Einstein condensates of photons, magnons, and excitons. Integrable quantum system like the one-dimensional Heisenberg model are characterized by an infinite set of conservation laws. Here we develop a theory of weakly driven integrable systems and show that pumping can induce huge spin or heat currents even in the presence of integrability breaking perturbations, since it activates local and quasi-local approximate conserved quantities. We suggest to realize novel heat or spin pumps using spin-chain materials driven by THz radiation. Liens : |
CPTGA 12 mai (Café (Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Ecole Normale Supérieure) | Détails Fermer |
Photons and electrons in quantum circuits le vendredi 12 mai 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Current progresses in implementing quantum electronic devices open exciting perspectives for investigating unexplored regimes of quantum optics with microwave light. Playing with linear or non-linear, dissipative or dissipationless elements, quantum circuits involve the transport of electrons but can also be engineered to manipulate the state of the surrounding electromagnetic field. The electron-photon crosstalk is potentially enhanced by two means, either by significantly increasing the effective fine structure constant characterizing matter-light interaction, or by building superconducting high-finesse resonators in which photons remain coherently trapped for very long times. Equipped with these tools and taking advantage of the offered strong non-linearities in quantum circuits, many experiments have designed protocols to create and probe non-classical states of microwave photons, such as Fock states, squeezed states or even cat states. Producing these typical non-classical states is known to be a key step towards quantum communication with scalable solid-state devices. After a general introduction to the field of quantum circuits, we will discuss the fact that dissipation due to electron transport is not necessarily detrimental to the realization of coherent non-classical states such as squeezed vacuum. A tunnel junction will be shown to be able to generate a squeezed steady state in a microwave cavity when excited parametrically by a classical AC voltage source. Photon-assisted tunneling of electrons is accompanied by the emission of pairs of photons in the cavity, thereby engineering a driven squeezed state. The mechanism leading to squeezing differs from parametric amplifiers as it is steered by dissipation in the spirit of the reservoir engineering techniques used in quantum optics. We will finally mention ways to improve significantly the squeezing properties of radiation. References [1] U. C. Mendes and C. Mora, Cavity squeezing by a quantum conductor, New J. Phys. 17, 113014 (2015) [2] U. C. Mendes and C. Mora, Electron-photon interaction in a quantum point contact coupled to a microwave resonator, Phys. Rev. B 93, 235450 (2016) [3] C. Mora, C. Altimiras, P. Joyez, F. Portier, Quantum Properties of the radiation emitted by a conductor in the Coulomb Blockade Regime, Phys. Rev. B 95, 125311 (2017) Liens : |
Vincent Rossetto (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Differential imaging in heterogeneous media le jeudi 11 mai 2017 à 13:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Duncan ODell (McMaster University) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum catastrophes le vendredi 05 mai 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Catastrophe theory provides a unified description of a broad range of singularities and defects in fields. A key idea is that of scale: at large scales the singularity appears truly singular but at smaller scales it is smoothed, e.g. by wave interference. In 2004 Michael Berry and Mark Dennis suggested that waves might themselves display singularities which are only smoothed by the fundamental discreteness of quantum field excitations (e.g. photons). In this talk I will give examples of such “quantum catastrophes†appearing in the dynamics of cold atom systems following a quench. Quantum catastrophes resemble classical wave catastrophes at large quantum numbers, but the quantization of excitations leads to an intrinsic granularity. This alters the morphology of the classic catastrophes, particularly the network of dislocations that underlie them. I will emphasize that, owing to the structural stability of catastrophes and their scaling properties, quantum catastrophes represent a universal aspect of dynamics in quantum fields. Liens : |
Malo Tarpin (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 04 mai 2017 à 13:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Camille Aron (LPT-ENS) | Détails Fermer |
Strongly-correlated electrons driven out of equilibrium by a voltage bias: resistive switchings le vendredi 14 avril 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A variety of correlated oxides experience a sudden change of resistivity by several orders of magnitude when subject to a strong voltage bias. This nonequilibrium phase transition, referred as resistive switching (RS), shows hysteretic I-V characteristics essential for new electronic memory/switching devices. Before addressing this poorly understood complex phenomenon, I will start with the dissipative dynamics of a simple Hubbard model driven by a constant electric field. In this context, I will introduce new theoretical tools needed address non-equilibrium steady states of strongly-interacting systems, bypassing the transient dynamics. I will detail the fate of Mott physics in the non-linear regime: dimensional crossover and dielectric breakdown. Afterwards, I will propose a minimal microscopic model to describe and reproduce most of the RS phenomenology in ordered correlated insulators. Liens : |
Piero Naldesi (Université de Trento) | Détails Fermer |
Detecting a many-body mobility edge with quantum quenches le jeudi 13 avril 2017 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : The many-body localization (MBL) transition is a quantum phase transition involving highly excited eigenstates of a disordered quantum many-body Hamiltonian, which evolve from "ergodic" to "localized". The MBL transition can be driven by the strength of disorder in a given spectral range, or by the energy density at fixed disorder when the system possesses a many-body mobility edge. A possible method to study the latter mechanism is via quantum quenches of variable width which prepare the state of the system in a superposition of eigenstates of the Hamiltonian within a controllable spectral region. Studying numerically a chain of interacting spinless fermions in a quasi-periodic potential, we argue that this system has a many-body mobility edge; and we show that its existence translates into a clear dynamical transition in the time evolution immediately following a quench in the strength of the quasi-periodic potential, as well as a transition in the scaling properties of the quasi-stationary state at long times. Liens : |
Hugo Flayac (EPFL Lausanne) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mardi 11 avril 2017 à 15:00 |
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Liens : |
José Lebreuilly (INO-BEC Center et Universite de Trento) | Détails Fermer |
Stabilizing incompressible quantum fluids in photonic devices via a non-Markovian reservoir le lundi 10 avril 2017 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : Over the last decade, a growing community has started to investigate the possibility of stabilizing strongly correlated
photon fluids in various platforms such as cavity QED and superconducting quantum circuits. A particular emphasis
has been placed on the stabilization of incompressible quantum phases such as the celebrated Mott Insulator state.
This phase has been predicted and observed in isolated systems and appears at integer densities and low temperatures,
but still represents conceptually and experimentally an important challenge in optical devices, where the particle
number is not conserved and heating effects cannot be neglected.
In order to tackle the intrinsic non-equilibrium nature of photonic systems, we investigate the effect of a frequency-
dependent, ie., non-Markovian incoherent pump in order to compensate particle losses and refill selectively the photonic
many-body states, and propose to implement this scheme via a reservoir of population-inverted two-level emitters
with a broad distribution of transition frequencies [1, 2]. In the simplest case of a Lorentzian emission spectrum [1],
this pump allows for the selective generation of photonic Fock states with a well-defined particle number. For the
novel case of a square-shape spectrum [2], this scheme is predicted to stabilize a non-equilibrium steady state sharing
important features with a zero-temperature equilibrium state with a tunable chemical potential. We demonstrate
numerically for finite sytem sizes the existence of an incompressible Mott-Insulator state of arbitrary integer density,
which is robust against tunneling and losses, and exhibits a crossover towards a coherent state reminescent of the
superfluid phase.
Liens :José LebreuillyINO-BEC Center et Universite de Trento |
CPTGA 07 avril (Café (Budapest University of Technology and Economics) | Détails Fermer |
Designed Quantum Criticality le vendredi 07 avril 2017 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
Charles Downing (IPCMS Strasbourg) | Détails Fermer |
Energy transport and topological aspects of collective plasmons in chains of metallic nanoparticles le jeudi 06 avril 2017 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : One of the primary goals of plasmonics is to confine light at subwavelength scales. This aim is motivated by the desire to both transport and manipulate light over macroscopic distances. While metallic nanostructures have been proposed and widely studied to achieve such "plasmonic circuits", both radiative and nonradiative losses inherent to metals are rather significant. Hence, the possible applications for energy and information transport at the nanoscale are seemingly limited. Understanding the different damping mechanisms in radiatively-coupled metallic nanostructures is thus of paramount importance to the field of plasmonics, from both a fundamental point of view and in order to increase the efficiency of signal transmission.
We investigate the collective plasmonic modes in chains of spherical metallic nanoparticles that are coupled by near-field interactions. These dipolar interactions between the nanoparticles gives rise to collective plasmons, which are extended over the whole plasmonic lattice. We study both a simple chain composed of regularly-spaced nanoparticles, which displays phenomena fundamental to all one-dimensional nanoparticle arrays, and a bipartite chain, which exhibits nontrivial topological features.
We obtain the size- and momentum-dependent nonradiative Landau damping and radiative decay rates, which determine the excitation propagation along the regular chain [1]. We find that the behavior of the radiative decay rate as a function of the plasmon wavelength leads to a transition from an exponential decay of the collective excitation for short distances to an algebraic decay for large distances. Importantly, we show that the exponential decay is of a purely nonradiative origin. These findings constitutes an important step in the quest for the optimal conditions for plasmonic propagation in nanoparticle chains.
We also study a bipartite chain constituted by metallic nanoparticle dimers [2]. We find an effective Dirac Hamiltonian describing the collective plasmons, and show that the corresponding spinor eigenstates represent Dirac-like massive bosonic excitations. We show that the system is governed by a topologically nontrivial Zak phase, which predicts the manifestation of edge states in the chain. When two bipartite chains with different topological phases are connected, we find the appearance of a bosonic version of a Jackiw-Rebbi midgap state. We investigate losses of the collective plasmonic excitations in the bipartite chain, and comment on the challenges for experimental realization of the topological effects found theoretically.
Liens : |
Kris van Houcke (LPS, ENS, Paris) | Détails Fermer |
Solving fermionic many-body problems by summing Feynman diagrams le vendredi 31 mars 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : It is commonly believed that in quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) approaches to fermionic many-body problems, the infamous sign problem generically implies prohibitively large computational times in the thermodynamic limit. I will point out that for convergent (or subject to resummation) Feynman diagrammatic series evaluated with the Monte Carlo algorithm of [Rossi, arXiv:1612.05184], the computational time increases only polynomially with the inverse error on thermodynamic-limit quantities. I will discuss the computational complexity problem for different QMC approaches: conventional techniques (auxiliary-field, path-integral and diffusion QMC) and diagrammatic Monte Carlo approaches. I will also report on recent progress of Diagrammatic Monte Carlo simulation of the resonant Fermi gas and the homogeneous electron gas. Liens : |
Alexandre Svetogorov aujourdhui (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 30 mars 2017 à 13:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Régis Mélin (NEEL) | Détails Fermer |
Simple Floquet-Wannier-Stark-Andreev viewpoint for multiterminal Josephson junctions le vendredi 24 mars 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Three superconductors contacted within a narrow region form a three-terminal Josephson junction, controlled by two independent voltages, and by two independent phase differences. Coherent DC multipair currents can flow at resonance, for commensurate voltage bias values [1,2]. The amplitude of those currents depends on the value of a well-defined static phase mode. After introducing the nonlocal quartets, I will present the results from the recent Grenoble experiment in Lefloch group [3], as well as the more recent ones from the Weizmann group [4]. Those experiments provide evidence for an anomaly in the voltage dependence of the differential resistance, compatible with the quartets. In addition, the noise cross-correlations [5] data of the Weizmann group [4] are compatible with Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg transitions inducing random change in the direction of the quartet flow, and thus large and positive current cross-correlations. In the second part of the talk, a simple physical picture of the steady state will be developed [6], using Floquet theory. The later will be introduced on the example of a driven qu-bit, starting from the rotating wave approximation, and going beyond with Floquet theory. The equilibrium Andreev bound states (for V=0) evolve into nonequilibrium Floquet-Wannier-Stark-Andreev (FWS-Andreev) ladders of resonances (for non-zero V). Those resonances acquire a finite width due to multiple Andreev reflection processes. The effect of an extrinsic line-width broadening on the quantum dot will also be considered, and introduced through a Dynes phenomenological parameter. The dc-quartet current manifests a crossover between the extrinsic relaxation dominated regime at low voltage to an intrinsic relaxation due to MAR processes at higher voltage. Three important low-energy scales will be identified, and a perspective is to relate those low-energy scales to the cross-correlation experiment of the Weizmann group [4]. Finally, future directions of research will be mentioned. [1] A. Freyn, B. Douçot, D. Feinberg and R. Mélin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 257005 (2011) [2] R. Mélin, D. Feinberg and B. Douçot, Eur. Phys. J. B 89:67 (2016) [3] A.H. Pfeffer, J.E. Duvauchelle, H. Courtois, R. Mélin, D. Feinberg and F. Lefloch, Phys. Rev. B 90, 075401 (2014) [4] Y. Cohen, Y. Ronen, J.-H. Kang, M. Heiblum, D. Feeinberg, R. Mélin and H. Shtrikman, arXiv:1606:08441 [5] R. Mélin, M. Sotto, D. Feinberg, J.-G. Caputo and B. Douçot, Phys. Rev. B 93, 115436 (2016) [6] R. Mélin, J.-G. Caputo, K. Yang and B. Douçot, Phys. Rev. B 95, 085415 (2017) Liens : |
CPTGA 17 mars (Café (ETH Zurich, Suisse) | Détails Fermer |
Unconventional Superconductivity - A matter of Symmetry and Topology le vendredi 17 mars 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Unconventional superconducting phases incorporate most intriguing features through the symmetry and topological properties of their order parameters, as already several decades ago has been found in the superfluid He-3. Among the known unconventional superconductors only few are considered as good candidates to realize topological phases. The most prominent cases are the so-called chiral superconductors, such as Sr2RuO4 most likely with chiral p-wave and SrPtAs possibly with chiral d-wave pairing. Cooper pairs form here with finite angular momentum. We will discuss the basic phenomenology of the two systems and give an overview of the status of experiments attempting to probe their topological properties. Finally other cases of topological superconductivity will be briefly discussed. ATTENTION : LIEU INHABITUEL Liens : |
Bernard Bernu (LPTMC, UPMC, Jussieu, Paris) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
Specific heat and magnetic susceptibility of spin systems le vendredi 10 mars 2017 à 11:00 |
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Annulé
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Pavel Grigoriev (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Moscow) | Détails Fermer |
Slow quantum oscillations without fine-grained Fermi surface reconstruction in cuprate superconductors le vendredi 17 février 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The Fourier transform of the observed magnetic quantum oscillations (MQO) in YBaCuO high-temperature superconductors has a prominent low-frequency peak with two smaller neighbouring peaks. The separation and even the position of these three peaks is almost independent of doping. This pattern has been explained previously by rather special, exquisitely detailed, Fermi-surface reconstruction. We propose that these MQO have a different origin, and their frequencies are related to the bilayer and inter-bilayer electron hopping rather than directly to the areas of tiny Fermi-surface pockets. Such so-called "slow oscillations" explain more naturally many features of the observed oscillations and allow us to estimate the inter-layer transfer integrals and in-plane Fermi momentum. Liens : |
Jamir Marino | Détails Fermer |
Driven Markovian quantum criticality le jeudi 16 février 2017 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : I will discuss the realisation of a driven-dissipative analogue of quantum criticality, arising from the onset of a diffusion Markovian noise in a one-dimensional driven open Bose gas. Salient features of the novel fixed point are the persistence of both non-equilibrium conditions as well as quantum coherence close to criticality. This provides a sharply distinct situation from more generic driven systems where both effective thermalisation as well as asymptotic decoherence ensue, paralleling classical dynamical criticality. Time permitting, I will also outline a diagrammatic comparison between the characteristic instances of classical and quantum dynamical field theories, employed to study critical phenomena out of equilibrium. Liens : |
CPTGA 10 février (Café | Détails Fermer |
Non-ergodicity in many body systems: consequences for the Josephson junction chain le vendredi 10 février 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I argue that the chaotic behavior does not always imply ergodicity at realistic time scales for many classical and quantum systems. In particular, at very high disorder a generic closed quantum systems becomes completely localized that is highly non-ergodic. I argue that this (many-body) localization is preempted by a wide regime of non-ergodic behavior that displays a number of unusual properties. A good system to study these effects is one-dimensional Josephson junction array in a somewhat unusual regime. I review the physics of these arrays and give the arguments for the existence of the novel phase appearing at relatively high temperatures. I will argue that these phases are robust with respect to the presence of the ubiquitous random charges and thus allow experimental observation. I will sketch the analytical theory of the non-ergodic phase using Random Graph models. Liens : |
Guillaume Lang (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Correlations in low-dimensional quantum gases le jeudi 09 février 2017 à 13:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
CPTGA 03 février (Café (Università Roma Tre, Italy) | Détails Fermer |
Charge and spin in a two-dimensional electron gas: always an exciting encounter le vendredi 03 février 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The spin Hall effect, first predicted in 1971 by Dyakonov and Perel, is the generation of a spin current in response to an applied electric field. The spin galvanic effect arises from the coupling between charge current and spin polarization. Both effects, which arise as a consequence of spin-orbit coupling, are now at the forefront of spintronics research, which aims to develop new device functionalities based on spin-charge conversion mechanisms. In this talk I will give an overview of the results obtained over the last few years in the theory of the spin-charge coupling effects in a two-dimensional electron gas. In particular, I will show that the formulation of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling as a SU(2) gauge field provides an elegant description of the spin Hall and spin galvanic effects. I will also consider the effect of spin-orbit coupling from impurities and the specific interplay with the Rashba spin-orbit coupling. A mention of the role of spin-orbit coupling due to phonon scattering will also be made. Liens : |
Juan Polo (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Tunneling dynamics of ultracold atoms le jeudi 02 février 2017 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : In this talk I will present some of the projects in which I have been involved during my PhD at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. In particular, we studied tunneling-related phenomena in ultracold atom systems by means of analytical approaches, numerical simulations and semi-analytical models. The aim of these works has been to contribute to fields such as Atomtronics and Quantum Technologies with applications including, for instance, a proposal to build a soliton-based matter-wave interferometer or protocols to load and transport ultracold atoms with high efficiency and robustness in concentric ring potentials via spatial adiabatic passage processes. In addition, we also explore more fundamental issues like the determination of the boundaries in two component Bose-Einstein condensates, the generation of complex tunnelings for ultracold atoms carrying orbital angular momentum trapped in sided-coupled cylindrically symmetric potentials and the creation of single atom edge-like states in ribbons. Liens :LPMMC |
Fabien Bruneval (Service de Recherches de Métallurgie Physique, CEA Saclay, France) | Détails Fermer |
Electronic excitations in molecules with many-body perturbation theory le vendredi 27 janvier 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The description of excited states is most easily understood in terms of Green's functions. The working approximations to obtain the Green's function have historically been developed targeting to condensed matter systems. For instance, the GW approximation [1] to the electron self-energy has been shown to yield accurate crystal band structures [2] and the Bethe-Salpeter equation is known to describe very well the excitons in solids [3]. However, until recently, little was known about the performance of many-body perturbation theory for atoms, molecules, and clusters. Our in-house code named MOLGW [4] addresses the efficient and accurate calculations of electronic excitations for finite systems. This code, based on standard quantum chemistry Gaussian basis sets, is conceptually simple, since it does not require any other convergence parameter besides the initial choice of the basis set. The code works efficiently in parallel and is open-source: it can be freely downloaded on the web [5]. With this unique tool, we have demonstrated the concavity error of the GW approximation [6] and we have explored the accuracy of the quasiparticle energy calculations within the GW approximation for organic molecules as compared to photoemission spectroscopy or to high level quantum chemistry references [7,8]. We have also measured the quality of the optical excitations obtained from the Bethe-Salpeter equation [9]. Recently, we have implemented self-energies that go beyond the standard GW approximation, the so-called “vertex correctionsâ€. [1] L. Hedin, Phys. Rev. 139, A796 (1965). [2] M.S. Hybertsen and S.G. Louie, Phys. Rev. B 34, 5390 (1986). [3] G. Onida, L. Reining, and A. Rubio, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 601 (2002). [4] F. Bruneval, T. Rangel, S.M. Hamed, M. Shao, C. Yang, and J.B. Neaton, Computer Phys. Comm. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2016.06.019 (2016). [5] http://www.molgw.org [6] F. Bruneval, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 194107 (2012). [7] F. Bruneval and M.A.L. Marques, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 9, 324 (2013). [8] T. Rangel, S.M. Hamed, F. Bruneval, and J.B. Neaton, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 12, 2834 (2016). [9] F. Bruneval, S.M. Hamed, and J.B. Neaton, J. Chem. Phys. 142, 244101 (2015). Liens :Fabien Bruneval |
Michael Pasek (Laboratoire Kassler-Brossel) | Détails Fermer |
Anderson localization of cold atoms in optical disordered potentials le jeudi 26 janvier 2017 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : Three recent experiments have claimed the observation of Anderson localization of cold atoms exposed to
3D optical disordered potentials. However, the estimated mobility edge, namely the critical value of energy
separating the localized and ergodic phase, is observed to be significantly larger than the current best theoretical
and numerical predictions. I will try to shed some light on this matter, in particular regarding the effect on the
mobility edge of the local probability distribution and long-range spatial correlations of the disordered potential.
I will finally discuss some recent (and unpublished) experimental results on the measurement of spectral functions
of cold atoms in disordered potentials by the Atom Optics group at Laboratoire Charles Fabry.
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Neil Drummond (Department of Physics, Lancaster University) | Détails Fermer |
High-Pressure Phase Diagram of Solid Molecular Hydrogen le vendredi 13 janvier 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Establishing the phase diagram of hydrogen is a major challenge for theoretical and experimental physics. We have used the highly accurate diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method to calculate static-lattice energies for solid hydrogen at pressures up to 400 GPa, to which we have added anharmonic vibrational energies calculated within density functional theory (DFT). We have focused on the observed high-pressure phases II, III and IV, which we have modelled using structures found in DFT searches. We find good agreement with experiment for the stabilisation of phase IV. The calculated pressure for the transition between phases II and III is larger than found in experiment, and we suggest possible reasons for this. The isotope dependence of the II-III transition is well-reproduced. Our calculations show that the metallic structure that is strongly favoured in DFT at high pressures is not energetically competitive, resolving an outstanding disagreement between theory and experiment. Liens : |
Hridis Pal (Laboratoire de Physique des Solide, Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Do quantum oscillations always arise from the Fermi surface? le vendredi 06 janvier 2017 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum oscillations are conventionally understood to arise from the Fermi level; hence, they are considered to be a proof of the existence of an underlying Fermi surface. This fact forms the basis for experiments measuring these oscillations to study metallic systems and map the Fermi surface. In this talk, I will show that this conventional understanding is not always true: in certain situations quantum oscillations can also arise from inside the Fermi sea. The necessary condition and possible scenarios for such unusual behavior will be pointed out. These unconventional oscillations are not described by the standard Lifshitz-Kosevich theory valid for metals. Their temperature dependence is drastically different from that in metals. Additionally, oscillations in thermodynamic quantities (de Haas-van Alphen effect) and transport quantities (Shubnikov de-Haas effect) are found to behave differently, in contrast to that in metals. Such new insights open the door to the possibility of using quantum oscillations to study features in systems traditionally thought to be outside the scope of this technique--I will point out some realistic examples where such unconventional oscillations could show up. Liens : |
Steven Mathey (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
From KPZ equation with correlated noise to Burgers turbulence le jeudi 15 décembre 2016 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : KPZ equation traditionally describes the dynamics of a driven interface. It can however be recast as Burgers' equation. Then it describes the hydrodynamics of a fully compressible fluid. In this talk, I will introduce both equations and show how they are related. Then I will discuss the phenomenology of Burgers turbulence. I will present preliminary results that I obtained with the Non Perturbative Functional Renormalization Group applied to KPZ equation with spatially correlated noise. I will discuss in particular two types of forcing correlation: Exponentially decreasing correlations with a large correlation length and power-law correlation with a positive exponent. Finally, I will discuss the effect of Galilei symmetry and its possible spontaneous breaking. Liens :LPMMC |
Leonardo Mazza | Détails Fermer |
Quantum-Hall-effect physics with synthetic ladders le lundi 12 décembre 2016 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : Synthetic ladders pierced by a magnetic field realized with one-dimensional alkaline-earth(-like) fermionic gases represent a promising environment for the investigation of quantum-Hall physics with ultracold atoms. We unveil the existence of a hierarchy of fractional insulating and conducting states by means of both analytical and numerical methods based on the density-matrix renormalization group algorithm. We show that such states can be exploited for constructing a topological Thouless pump where the charge transported after one cycle is quantized to fractional values and demonstrate this behavior with a full many-body time-dependent calculation. We conclude with some results on Laughlin-like states in both fermionic and bosonic systems. Liens : |
Gianluca Rastelli (University of Konstanz) | Détails Fermer |
Ground-state cooling a mechanical oscillator by spin-dependent transport and Andreev reflection le vendredi 09 décembre 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We study the ground-state cooling of a mechanical oscillator coupled to the charge or the spin of a quantum dot inserted between spin-polarised or a normal metal and a superconducting contact. Such a system can be realized e.g. by a suspended carbon nanotube quantum dot with a suitable coupling between a vibrational mode and the charge or spin. We show that ground-state cooling of the mechanical oscillator can be achieved for many of the oscillator's modes simultaneously as well as selectively for single modes. We discuss different modes of operation which also include single mode cooling by resonance, which is tunable by a magnetic field. We finally discuss how the oscillator’s state can be detected in the current-voltage characteristic. [1] P. Stadler, W. Belzig and G. Rastelli, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 047201 (2014). [2] P. Stadler, W. Belzig and G. Rastelli, Phys. Rev. B 91, 085432 (2015). [3] P. Stadler, W. Belzig and G. Rastelli, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 197202 (2016). Liens : |
Mikhail Zubkov (ITEP Moscou) | Détails Fermer |
Momentum space topology, anomalous quantum Hall effect, and the absence of equilibrium static chiral magnetic effect le jeudi 08 décembre 2016 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : Using derivative expansion applied to the Wigner transform of the two -
point Green function we analyze the anomalous quantum Hall effect (AQHE),
and the chiral magnetic effect (CME). The corresponding currents are
proportional to the momentum space topological invariants. We reproduce
the conventional expression for the Hall conductivity in the ideal tight
binding models of (2, 1) D topological insulators. At the same time
using this method we prove, that in the equilibrium (3 et 1) D theory the
static CME is absent in a certain class of solids, as well as in the
properly regularized relativistic quantum field theory.
Liens : |
Tomoki Ozawa (University of Trento) | Détails Fermer |
Artificial gauge fields in ultracold gases and photonics le mardi 06 décembre 2016 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : I discuss recent developments in the study of artificial gauge fields in synthetic quantum systems such as ultracold gases and photonics, with an emphasis on the works I have done in the field. There have been a lot of activities in using synthetic quantum systems, such as ultracold atomic gases and photonics, to realize and study various models. One important and nontrivial ingredient in studying phenomena originally known in solid-state electron systems using synthetic quantum systems is the effect of gauge fields such as magnetic fields and spin-orbit couplings. Since ultracold gases and photons are neutral, one needs to artificially engineer the effect of gauge fields so that the neutral particles behave as if they are charged particles in the presence of gauge fields. In this talk, I first discuss the artificial spin-orbit coupling in ultracold Bose gases in a continuous space. In particular I discuss the type of spin-orbit coupling called the Rashba spin-orbit coupling. In the presence of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling, the single-particle ground states become infinitely degenerate, which gives rise to various non-trivial many-body effects. I then discuss artificial magnetic fields in ultracold gases in the presence of lattice potentials. In tight-binding models, the effect of gauge fields is represented as complex hopping phases. I discuss recent developments of the idea of the synthetic dimension, which is to use an internal degree of freedom of an atom as an extra synthetic dimension to simulate tight-binding models with hopping phases. I discuss our proposal on how to realize four-dimensional quantum Hall effect in ultracold gases using synthetic dimensions. Finally, I discuss how artificial magnetic fields can be obtained also in an array of photonic cavities. I present my recent proposal on how to realize synthetic dimensions also in photonics. I discuss how both the two-dimensional and four-dimensional quantum Hall effects can be observed in photonics. Liens : |
Boris Svistunov (Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst) | Détails Fermer |
Trapping Centers at the Superfluid—Mott-insulator Criticality: Transition between Charge-quantized States le vendredi 02 décembre 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Under the conditions of superfluid—Mott-insulator criticality in two dimensions, the trapping centers—i.e., local potential wells and bumps—are generically characterized by an integer charge corresponding to the number of trapped particles (if positive) or holes (if negative). Varying the strength of the center leads to a transition between two competing ground states with charges differing by $pm1$. The hallmark of the transition scenario is a splitting of the number density distortion into a half-integer core and a large halo carrying the complementary charge $pm 1/2$. The sign of the halo changes across the transition. The radius of the halo diverges on the approach to the critical strength of the center. Liens : |
Michele Filippone | Détails Fermer |
Drude weight fluctuations in many-body localized systems le jeudi 1er décembre 2016 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : Many-body localized systems are supposed to be perfectly insulating for temperatures below a critical temperature Tc. In this talk, we will discuss some of the transport properties of systems showing a transition to a many-body localized phase. In particular, we numerically investigate the distribution of Drude weights D of many-body states in disordered one-dimensional interacting electron systems across the transition. Drude weights are proportional to the spectral curvatures induced by magnetic fluxes in mesoscopic rings. They offer a method to relate the transition to the many-body localized phase to transport properties. In the delocalized regime, we find that the Drude weight distribution at a fixed disorder configuration agrees well with the random-matrix-theory prediction P(D)∠(γ^2 et D^2)^(-3/2), although the distribution width γ strongly fluctuates between disorder realizations. A crossover is observed towards a distribution with different large-D asymptotics deep in the many-body localized phase, which remarkably is not reproduced by the expected Cauchy distribution. We show that the average distribution width <γ>, rescaled by LΔ, Δ being the average level spacing in the middle of the spectrum and L the systems size, is an efficient probe of the many-body localization transition, as it increases/vanishes exponentially in the delocalized/localized phase. Liens : |
Riccardo Rota (LMPQ) | Détails Fermer |
Critical behavior of open quantum systems le lundi 28 novembre 2016 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : I will discuss intriguing features of dissipative phase transitions in open quantum systems. In particular, I will present recent results [1] about the critical properties of two-dimensional lattices of spins interacting via an anisotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian and subject to incoherent spin flips. Us- ing the recently developed corner-space renormalization method [2], I will show the finite-size scaling and critical exponent of the magnetic linear sus- ceptibility. I will also present results for the Von Neumann entropy and the quantum Fisher information across the transition, showing that a dissipative phase transition can share properties of both thermal and quantum phase transitions. Liens :Riccardo RotaLMPQ |
Vladimir Kravtsov (ICTP Trieste) | Détails Fermer |
Anderson localization on a Bethe lattice: new phases and new phase transitions le vendredi 25 novembre 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Motivated by the problem many-body localization and the hierarchical structure of connections in the Hilbert space of many-body systems, we revisit the problem of sigle-particle localization on a Bethe lattice. We give both analytical and numerical evidence of existence of the new phase of non-ergodic extended (NEE) states with multifractal statistics of wave function coefficients in addition to the usual ergodic extended (EE) phase and the localized phase. We discuss the phase diagram on the Bethe lattice and the phase transitions between the three phases. Liens : |
Duy (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 24 novembre 2016 à 13:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
CPTGA 10 novembre (Café (University of Massachusetts Boston) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Galilean Cannon as a Schrodinger Cat le jeudi 10 novembre 2016 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : A quantum Galilean cannon is a 1D sequence of $N$ hard-core particles with special mass ratios, and a hard wall; conservation laws due to the reflection group $A_N$ prevent both classical stochastization and quantum diffraction. It is realizable through specie-alternating mutually repulsive bosonic soliton trains. We show that an initial disentangled state can evolve into one where the heavy and light particles are entangled, and propose a sensor, containing $N_a$ atoms, with a $sqrt{N_a}$ times higher sensitivity than in a one-atom sensor with $N_a$ repetitions. Joint work with Thibault Scoquart, Vanja Dunjko, and Steven Glenn Jackson. Supported by NSF, ONR, and IFRAF Liens : |
Guillaume Roux (LPTMS - Université Paris Sud) | Détails Fermer |
Experiments and theory of the quasi-periodic Bose-glass le vendredi 04 novembre 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We present results on the comparison between experiments and theory on the bichromatic lattice for cold atoms gases. This setup allows us to study the physics of disordered bosons where superfluid, Mott and glass phases compete. We first review the model and its phase diagram obtained from numerical calculations. The localization mechanism, which is different from the one for uncorrelated disordered, is introduced and its possible experimental signatures are proposed. Then, experimental results covering the full range of the disorder vs interaction diagram are confronted to numerical results. The effect of the trapping potential and of temperature are analyzed to explain the observed momentum distribution. We conclude on ongoing experiments using a similar setup. Liens : |
Bruno Tomasello (ILL, theory group, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
A microscopic theory for quantum dynamics and propagation of monopoles in classical spin ice materials le vendredi 28 octobre 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The spin ice pyrochlores, Dy2Ti2O7 (DTO) and Ho2Ti2O7 (HTO), are frustrated magnets where the excitations above the ice-like degenerate ground state emerge as effective magnetic monopoles. The diffusion of such monopoles proceeds via flipping of large electronic spins whose local Ising anisotropy, ultimately, originates from the coupling of the RE-ions to their crystalline environment. Despite the success of the classical model, experimental evidence suggests that, at temperatures relevant for spin ice physics, quantum dynamics regulate the spin-flip mechanism otherwise suppressed by the strength of crystal-field (CF) barrier. This seminar will present a study, for both DTO and HTO, of the microscopic mechanisms which contribute to the tunnelling of an individual spin (with total angular momentum $ J > 1/2 $). Starting from the quantum mechanical interaction of a spin ice RE-ion with its surrounding CF environment, it will be emphasised the nature of the single-ion quantum states selected by the CF symmetry. Then, by means of perturbation theories, it will be illustrated how the realisation of spontaneous spin-dynamics depends on the coupling between such symmetries and the effective magnetic fields resulting in the presence of monopoles in the system. Monopoles in facts, in contrast to their mutual long ranged interactions, manifest with a very localised impact only on the spins immediately adjacent to them. In loose words, they act stimulating quantum fluctuations on the neighbouring RE-ions, and allowing their quantum spin-tunnelling otherwise inhibited in the frozen spin ice ground state. This study is part of a broader project on competition and balance between quantum and classical mechanisms in condensed matter systems. In the context of spin ice materials, it represents the first attempt in providing a quantitative description for the quantum-tunnelling of a RE-spin, and it unlocks a theory of monopole hopping with timescales which do not depend on external tuneable parameters but only on structural properties of each material. Liens : |
Xavier Waintal (INAC, CEA Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Artficial antiferromagnets, THz radiation and room temperature quantum interferences le vendredi 21 octobre 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The oscillatory interlayer (RKKY) interaction between two magnetic layers separated by a metallic spacer is one of the few coherent quantum phenomena that persist at room temperature. In this talk, I will introduce the concept of dynamical control of interference pattern with ultra fast voltage pulses. I will show that the RKKY interaction can be controlled dynamically by illuminating the sample (e.g. a spin valve) with radiation in the 10-100Thz range. This new sort of (dynamical) spin torque can be strong enough to induce magnetic reversal, possibly with very little dissipating power. Liens : |
Davide Squizzato (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 20 octobre 2016 à 13:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Tommaso Roscilde (Laboratoire de Physique, ENS de Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum correlations unveiled le vendredi 14 octobre 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Correlations and coherence are distinctive features of quantum many-body states. When considering quantum ground states, they are essentially synonymous -- quantum correlations manifest the existence of coherent quantum fluctuations in the system, and are the necessary condition for the existence of entanglement between any two subsystems. But, when moving to mixed states, the situation becomes blurred, as correlations acquire also a classical, incoherent nature, and entanglement is no longer unambiguously quantified. In this seminar I will introduce a general separation scheme between quantum/coherent correlations and thermal/incoherence correlations for mixed states, which is deeply motivated by the equilibrium statistical mechanics of quantum many-body systems. Quantum correlations are associated with the violation of a classical fluctuation-response identity, invoking the full structure of the imaginary-time propagator, and lending themselves to a direct experimental measure. The existence of quantum correlations among two subsystems A and B negates a physically motivated form of separability (namely of absence of entanglement), in which correlations are generated by a "hidden" classical source. Most strikingly, two-point quantum correlations in extended quantum systems are numerically found to decay exponentially at any finite temperature, exhibiting a novel quantum coherence length which is completely independent of the ordinary correlation length. This new length is found to be a very sensitive probe of the quantum critical "fan" of systems exhibiting a quantum phase transition. Liens : |
Geva Arwas (Ben Gurion University) | Détails Fermer |
Chaos, Metastability and ergodicity in low dimensional superfluid circuits le jeudi 13 octobre 2016 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : We show that the standard Landau and Bogoliubov superfluidity criteria fail in low-dimensional Bose-Hubbard Circuits. Proper determination of the superfluidity regime-diagram must account for the crucial role of chaos, an ingredient missing from the conventional stability analysis. We clarify the role of "chaos" for the metastability criteria of flow states [1], and for the possibility to
witness Rabi oscillations in a SQUID Âlike setup [2].
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Denis Basko (LPMMC, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg physics in a quantum SINIS turnstile le vendredi 07 octobre 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I will discuss the dynamical quantum problem of a driven discrete energy level coupled to a semi-infinite continuum whose density of states has a square-root-type singularity, such as states of a free particle in one dimension or quasiparticle states in a BCS superconductor. The system dynamics is strongly affected by the quantum-mechanical repulsion between the discrete level and the singularity, which gives rise to a bound state, suppresses the decay into the continuum, and can produce Stueckelberg oscillations. This quantum coherence effect may limit the performance of mesoscopic superconducting devices, such as quantum electron turnstile. Liens : |
MISSING (University of Manitoba, Winnipeg) | Détails Fermer |
Signatures of the 3D Anderson localization of elasticc waves le mercredi 05 octobre 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Note : the multiple announcements that you have received yesterday were caused by a reconfiguration of the e-mail servers of the polygone. The organisers of the seminars are not to be blamed for them. Liens : |
CPTGA 30 septembre (Café (LPTHE, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
Non-ergodicity in many body systems: consequences for the Josephson junction chain le vendredi 30 septembre 2016 à 11:00 |
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Annulé
Liens : |
Tiphaine (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 29 septembre 2016 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : This seminar will be given in French. Liens :LPMMC |
Carlo Pierleoni (Physics Department, University of L'Aquila, Italy) | Détails Fermer |
Theory of the liquid-liquid phase transition in high pressure hydrogen le vendredi 23 septembre 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : abstract: The phase diagram of high pressure hydrogen is of great interest for fundamental research, planetary physics, and energy applications[1]. A first-order phase transition in the fluid phase between a molecular insulating fluid and a monoatomic metallic fluid has been predicted[2,3,4]. The existence and precise location of the transition line is relevant for planetary models. Recent experiments reported contrasting results about the location of the transition[5,6,7]. Theoretical results based on density functional theory are also very scattered[7]. We report highly accurate coupled electron-ion Monte Carlo calculations of this transition finding results that lie between the two experimental predictions, close to that measured in diamond anvil cell experiments but at 25-30 GPa higher pressure. The transition along an isotherm is signaled by a discontinuity in the specific volume, a sudden dissociation of the molecules, a jump in electrical conductivity and loss of electron localization[8]. We discuss the difference observed with respect to the predictions of a different Quantum Monte Carlo method [9,10]. references: [1] J.M. McMahon, M.A. Morales, C. Pierleoni and D.M. Ceperley, “The properties of hydrogen and helium under extreme conditionsâ€, Review of Modern Physics 84, 1607 (2012). [2] M.A. Morales, C. Pierleoni, E. Schwegler and D.M. Ceperley “Evidence for a first-order liquid-liquid transition in high-pressure hydrogen from ab initio simulationsâ€, PNAS 107, 12799 (2010). [3] M.A. Morales, J.M. McMahon, C. Pierleoni, D.M. Ceperley, “Nuclear quantum effects and nonlocal exchange-correlation functionals applied to liquid hydrogen at high pressureâ€, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 065702 (2013). [4] W. Lorenzen, B. Holst, R. Redmer, “First-order liquid-liquid phase transition in dense hydrogen†Phys. Rev. B 82, 195107 (2010). [5] Zaghoo M, Salamat A, Silvera IF, “A first-order phase transition to metallic hydrogenâ€, (2015) arXiv:1504.00259 [6] Ohta K et al. â€Phase boundary of hot dense fluid hydrogen†Scientific Reports 5:16560 (2015). [7] Knudson MD et al. â€Direct observation of an abrupt insulator-to-metal transition in dense liquid deuterium†Science 348, 1455 (2015). [8] C. Pierleoni, M.A. Morales, G. Rillo, M. Holzmann and D.M. Ceperley, “Liquid-liquid phase transition in hydrogen by Coupled Electron-Ion Monte Carlo Simulationsâ€, PNAS 113, 4953–4957(2016). [9] G. Mazzola, Yunoki S, Sorella S “Unexpectedly high pressure for molecular dissociation in liquid hydrogen by electronic simulationâ€, Nature Communications 5, 3487 (2014). [10] Mazzola G, Sorella S, “Distinct metallization and atomization transitions in dense liquid hydrogenâ€, Phys Rev Lett 114, 105701 (2015). Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Phases classiques et quantiques des systèmes dipolaires de basse dimensionnalité le jeudi 22 septembre 2016 à 10:00 |
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MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Everything you always wanted to know about Lieb-Liniger model* le jeudi 15 septembre 2016 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : *but were afraid to ask. Liens :LPMMC |
CPTGA 09 septembre (Café (Department of Physics, Imperial College London, UK) | Détails Fermer |
Electronic friction in metals and insulators: quantum molecular dynamics beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation le vendredi 09 septembre 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A 14 MeV fusion neutron in a tokamak may penetrate far into the reactor wall before colliding with a nucleus. From then on, a cascade of inter-atomic collisions shares the neutron's kinetic energy between millions of atoms, and the creation of electronic excitations produces a kind of electronic friction that slows atoms gradually. Radiation damage cascades have been well explored at a classical level, but much less is known about the quantum mechanical energy transfer from moving atoms to electrons [1]. We have used large-scale time-dependent tight-binding simulations and state-of-the-art time-dependent density functional simulations within the Ehrenfest approximation to investigate electronic friction in real solids. In metals, it is often assumed that electronic friction can be ignored when the atomic velocities are low. We show that this is not the case. In insulators, the presence of an energy gap suggests that electronic excitation may be impossible below a threshold atomic speed. Experimental data on the threshold effect is confused, with some groups seeing it and others not. By simulating a single projectile atom moving through an otherwise perfect crystal, we identify a new excitation mechanism, the "electron elevator", that produces electronic friction below the band-gap threshold [2]. At low projectile speeds, the elevator provides the dominant contribution to electronic stopping. [1] C.P. Race, D.R. Mason, M.W. Finnis, W.M.C. Foulkes, A.P. Horsfield, and A.P. Sutton, Rep. Prog. Phys. 73, 116501 (2010). [2] A. Lim, W.M.C. Foulkes, A.P. Horsfield, D.R. Mason, A. Schleife, E.W. Draeger, and A.A. Correa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 043201 (2016). Liens : |
Katarina Rojan (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 08 septembre 2016 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (LPMMC) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
Recovery of a hybrid superconducting turnstile accuracy in a strongly non-equilibrium regime le vendredi 02 septembre 2016 à 11:00 |
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Annulé
Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 07 juillet 2016 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
CPTGA 1er juillet (Café (Freie Universität Berlin) | Détails Fermer |
Topological superconducting phases in chains of magnetic adatoms le vendredi 1er juillet 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In a recent experiment, Nadj-Perge et al. [Science 346, 602 (2014)] provide possible evidence for Majorana bound states in chains of magnetic adatoms on a conventional superconductors. The formation of topological superconductivity in this system relies on ferromagnetic order of the magnetic moments and spin-orbit coupling of the substrate superconductor. In this talk, I will begin with a general introduction to the physics of Majorana bound states. The second part of the talk will discuss the physical picture underlying this and related experiments, including a possible explanation of the unexpectedly strong localization of the observed end states, and give a critical discussion of the evidence for Majorana bound states in this system. Liens : |
Malo Tarpin (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 30 juin 2016 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Avinash Singh (Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur & ILL theory group) | Détails Fermer |
Hbar for Iron le vendredi 24 juin 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Goldstone-mode-preserving, non-perturbative expansion scheme for multi-orbital band ferromagnets and other aspects of quantum magnetism in correlated electron systems will be discussed, including spin-charge and spin-orbital coupling effects in ferromagnetic manganites, onset and melting of local orbital order, hole dynamics in cuprate antiferromagnets, multi-orbital quantum antiferromagnetism in iron pnictdes, and magnetic excitations in strongly spin-orbit coupled iridates. Liens : |
Aleksandr Svetogorov (Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology) | Détails Fermer |
Non-adiabatic geometric phases and dephasing in an open quantum system le jeudi 23 juin 2016 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We analyze the influence of a dissipative environment on geometric phases in a quantum system subject to non-adiabatic evolution. We find dissipative contributions to the acquired phase and modification of dephasing, considering the cases of weak short-correlated noise as well as of slow quasi-stationary noise. Motivated by recent experiments, we find the leading non-adiabatic corrections to the results, known for the adiabatic limit. Liens :Aleksandr SvetogorovMoscow Institute for Physics and Technology |
Sebastiano Pilati (The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (Italy)) | Détails Fermer |
Ultracold Fermi gases in periodic and in disordered potentials le vendredi 17 juin 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The experiments performed with ultracold atomic gases trapped in optical lattices or in optical speckle patterns provide us with a new versatile and tunable experimental setup to investigate the combined effect due to interactions and external periodic or random potentials in many-fermion systems. I will present some recent results on the Stoner instability, i.e., the ferromagnetic transition induced by strong repulsive interactions, obtained via continuous-space quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations. First, I will compare QMC predictions for clean Fermi gases with very recent experimental results obtained at LENS. Then, I will discuss the effect of shallow optical lattices, highlighting the difference with respect to the predictions based on the single-band approximation. Finally, I will discuss disordered Fermi gases, analyzing the interplay between the Stoner instability and the Anderson localization induced by disorder. Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 16 juin 2016 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Sergey Nazarenko (Université de Warwick) | Détails Fermer |
Superfluid flow past an obstacle le mercredi 15 juin 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I will consider a turbulent superfluid flow past an obstacle within the Gross-Pitaevskii equation model. Certain basic turbulence properties like the condensate destruction and healing, four- and three-wave interactions, vortex generation and annihilation and reconnections, vortex bundles, Kelvin waves and sound radiation will be discussed using this example. In the end I will discuss an idea of using Gross-Pitaevskii equation model for modeling a finite-temperature turbulent superfluid flow past a hot object with a view to model the hotwire probes. |
Michel Bockstedte (Friedrich-Alexander Universitaet, Erlangen) | Détails Fermer |
Photophysics in a gem stone: A route to excitation spectra and spin physics from first principles theory le vendredi 10 juin 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The beauty of a gem stone lets forget that its color is often lend by the quantum mechanics of impurities. In fact, color centers in such and related solids show a rich photo physics. Possessing a total electron spin they may be utilized as light sources, for sensing, and to store quantum information and thus pave way for the development of solid state quantum computing. Optical spin manipulation is enabled by radiative and non-radiative processes. Unravelling the physics of the coupled electron spin dynamics is still a challenge for both experiment and theory. Although the photo physics of a vast variety of systems, including defects, was successfully addressed by many body perturbation theory (GW and BSE) and time dependent density functional theory, direct access to the important excited multiplet states is not provided. Towards the spin physics of defects we developed an ab initio configuration-interaction approach based on hybrid density functional theory and an effective screened coulomb interaction within the constrained random phase approximation (CRPA). The talk outlines our theoretical approach within DFT, many-body theory, and CI-CRPA towards the quantitative description of defects in semiconductors and insulators, such as color centers. The principles of their photo physics will be discusses for exemplary defects in diamond and silicon carbide. Liens : |
Jessica et Nicolas (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 09 juin 2016 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Léonie Canet (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
From interface growth to turbulence le mercredi 1er juin 2016 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Erwin Frey (LMU, Muenchen) | Détails Fermer |
Evolutionary Games of Condensates le mardi 31 mai 2016 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Condensation phenomena occur in many systems, both in classical and quantum mechanical contexts. Typically, the entities that constitute a system collectively concentrate in one or multiple states during condensation. For example, particular strategies are selected in zero-sum games, which are generalizations of the children’s game Rock-Paper- Scissors. These winning strategies can be identified with condensates. In our work, we apply the theory of evolutionary zero-sum games to explain condensation in bosonic systems when quantum coherence is negligible. Only recently has it been shown that a driven-dissipative gas of bosons may condense not only into a single, but also into multiple non-degenerate states. This phenomenon may occur when a system of non-interacting bosons is weakly coupled to a reservoir and is driven by an external time-periodic force (Floquet system). On a mathematical level, this condensation is described by the same coupled birth-death processes that govern the dynamics of evolutionary zero-sum games. We illuminate the physical principles underlying the condensation and find that the vanishing of relative entropy production determines the condensates. Condensation proceeds exponentially fast, but the system of condensates never comes to rest: The occupation numbers of condensates oscillate, which we demonstrate for a Rock-Paper-Scissors game of condensates. Liens : |
CPTGA 27 mai (Café (Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel) | Détails Fermer |
The making and breaking of non-abelian anyons in electronic systems le vendredi 27 mai 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Under certain conditions quantum electronic systems form non-abelian states of matter. In these states an interchange of two fundamental excitations ("non-abelian anyons") does not merely multiply the wave function by a sign, but rather transforms the system from one quantum state to another, where the transformation is determined by topological considerations. If realized, such states may form the basis to "Topological Quantum Computation", with a very high degree of immunity to de-coherence. In my talk I will describe what non-abelian states of matter are, how electrons may be engineered to form such states, what are the observable consequences of non-abelian anyons, and how non-abelian anyons may be fractionalized. While I will mention Majorana fermions as the simplest example, I will focus on the physics of more complicated non-abelian anyons, and on what is needed for their realization. The talk will assume no prior knowledge of this scary-looking concepts. Liens : |
Eiji Kawasaki (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 26 mai 2016 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
CPTGA 20 mai (Café (Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä) | Détails Fermer |
Topological matter le vendredi 20 mai 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : One of the main focus points of condensed matter research in the past decade has been on the topological classification of media. This is a rather new viewpoint for the characterization of the electronic properties of matter, and its successes include the prediction and observation of new classes of elements beyond the usual metals and insulators, for example topological insulators, nodal line semimetals and most recently Weyl semimetals. This approach also unites different branches of physics, as it gives a unified view on the emergent low-energy properties of matter. In my talk, I will show how the Berry phase analysis of the spectrum of a lattice periodic Hamiltonian leads to such a classification of elements. I will also demonstrate how the topological robustness shows up in the formation of protected (invariant to local deformations) surface and edge states in topological media and how the topological nature of the bulk dispersion shows up in terms of bulk anomalies. The surface states have intriguing properties, and especially in nodal line semimetals the interactions may lead to ordered states - such as superconductivity - with a very high critical temperature. Liens : |
Darrick Chang (ICFO-Barcelone) | Détails Fermer |
Atomic physics meets nanophotonics: creating complex quantum states of matter and light le vendredi 13 mai 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Significant efforts have been made to interface cold atoms with micro- and nano-photonic systems in recent years. Originally, it was envisioned that the migration to these systems from free-space atomic ensemble or macroscopic cavity QED experiments could dramatically improve figures of merit and facilitate scalability for applications such as quantum information processing. However, a more interesting scenario would be if nanophotonic systems could yield new paradigms for controlling quantum light-matter interactions, which have no obvious counterpart in macroscopic settings. Here, we describe one paradigm for novel physics, based upon the coupling of atoms to photonic crystal structures. In particular, we show that atoms can become dressed by localized photonic "clouds" of tunable size. This cloud behaves much like an external cavity, but which is attached to the position of the atom. This dynamically induced cavity can then mediate long-range spin interactions or forces between atoms, yielding an exotic quantum material where spins, phonons, and photons are strongly coupled. Liens :Darrick Chang |
CPTGA 29 avril (Café (LPTMS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Many-body physics with quantum gases in disorder le vendredi 29 avril 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I will first give a brief overview of the studies of ultracold quantum gases in disorder and then turn to one-dimensional interacting disordered bosons at finite temperatures. It will be shown that they may undergo an interaction-induced non-conventional insulator-fluid transition, and I will present the phase diagram. The emphasis will be put on the recent work for strongly interacting one-dimensional disordered bosons, where I will demonstrate the presence of two insulator-fluid transitions. The next issue will be interacting bosons in the quasiperiodic potential (superposition of two incommensurate one-dimensional lattices). I will demonstrate the presence of finite temperature many-body localization-delocalization transition induced by the interaction between the bosons. It will be shown that in a wide range of parameters an increase in temperature favors the insulator state, so that in this sense one has an anomalous “freezing with heating†phenomenon. ATTENTION : LIEU INHABITUEL ! Liens : |
Albert Gallemi (University of Barcelona) | Détails Fermer |
Persistent current nucleation in polariton condensates with spin-orbit coupling le jeudi 28 avril 2016 à 14:00 |
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Liens :University of Barcelona |
Steven / Guillaume / (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Journée des jeunes physiciens le jeudi 14 avril 2016 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Steven, and have been selected and will each give a 14 minutes presentation at the "Rencontres des jeunes physiciens", a one day event for young scientist only, to be hold on the 15th of April. The titles of their presentations are
Liens :LPMMC |
Natalia Matveeva (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Variational Density-Matrix Monte Carlo calculations for fermions le jeudi 07 avril 2016 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We develop the new quantum Monte Carlo method which allows one to calculate ab initio the spectral functions from imaginary time correlations. The method is based on the imaginary time - finite temperature analogy. This formalism describes the correlations between different imaginary times introducing the thermal density matrix. As an example we consider the electron gas in two dimensions and calculate the density fluctuation function in the imaginary time. The Fourier transformation of this function allows one to obtain dynamic local field factor, which is important characteristic of the electron gas. The extension of the zero temperature RPA form of the Jastrow function to finite temperature is used in order to describe the configurations at different imaginary times. We present the QMC results at different interaction strengths which demonstrate the applicability of the method. Liens :LPMMC |
Abhiram Soori (IISc Bangalore) | Détails Fermer |
Transport in multi-terminal systems consisting of topological and superconducting elements le vendredi 25 mars 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : This talk will focus on speaker's work on (i) junctions of interacting quantum wires and (ii) junction of topological insulator and superconductor. (i) It is well known that the conductance matrix of a junction of three interacting quantum wires. We have studied this problem using the current splitting matrix (M-matrix) to describe the junction in the bosonised language. An important result of our analysis is that conductance matrix depends on the interaction parameter only when time reversal symmetry is broken at the junction [1]. Further, the effective resistance of a parallel combination of two resistances (which consists of two Y-junctions) deviates from that in a classical circuit (which is obtained using Kirchoff's - current and voltage laws). The expression for effective resistance can be highly non-trivial depending on the choice of the M-matrices of the two Y-junctions [2]. (ii) A junction of topological insulators with a p-wave superconductor is interesting since such a set-up can drive a non-zero spin current into the superconductor. Results on zero-bias peak, and novel satellite peak in such a set-up will be discussed [3]. [1] A. Soori and D. Sen, EPL 93, 57007 (2010). [2] A. Soori and D. Sen, Phys. Rev. B 84, 035422 (2011). [3] A. Soori, O. Deb, K. Sengupta and D. Sen, Phys. Rev. B 87, 245435 (2013). Liens :IISc Bangalore |
MISSING (BEC Center, Trento) | Détails Fermer |
Superfluid and quantum features in the hydrodynamic flow of a fluid of light le jeudi 24 mars 2016 à 14:00 |
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Sergey Skipetrov (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Transition d'Anderson pour les ondes classiques dans le modèle de diffuseurs ponctuels le jeudi 17 mars 2016 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Conférence en mémoire de Roger Maynard | Détails Fermer |
le jeudi 10 mars 2016 à 09:00 | |
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CPTGA 09 mars (Brazilian Physics Research Center) | Détails Fermer |
What can we do when Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy and statistical mechanics fail? le mercredi 09 mars 2016 à 14:30 |
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Résumé : The celebrated Boltzmann-Gibbs additive entropy and its associated statistical mechanics, together with Maxwell theory for electromagnetism and classical, quantum and relativistic mechanics, constitute one of the pillars of contemporary physics. Nevertheless, and in spite of its tremendous power, this theory fails when the system does not satisfy some basic hypothesis such as ergodicity. This is the case of a plethora of natural, artificial and social complex systems. What can we then do? The introduction of nonadditive entropies and the generalization of the BG theory to which they lead can be shown to be a satisfactory solution for a wide range of such anomalous systems. After some brief introduction to the main concepts, we will illustrate its applications with recent analytical, experimental, observational and numerical results. Liens :CPTGA 09 mars |
Nicolas Rougerie (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Tracer particles in a Laughlin liquid as emergent anyons le jeudi 03 mars 2016 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Anyons are by definition particles with quantum statistics different from those of bosons and fermions. They can occur only in low dimensions, 2D being the most interesting case. They have hitherto remained hypothetical, but there is good theoretical evidence that certain quasi-particles occuring in quantum Hall physics should behave as anyons. In this talk I shall consider the case of tracer particles immersed in a Laughlin liquid. I will argue that, under certain circumstances, these become anyons. This has been guessed a long time ago by Arovas-Schrieffer-Wilczek, based on a Berry phase calculation. I shall review this argument, along with the reservations I have about it. I will then discuss a new argument, which seems more convincing to me. Part of the motivation for giving this informal talk is to check if other people might understand the historical argument better than I do, or share my reservations about it, and/or the impression that they are completely lifted by the new derivation. Liens :LPMMC |
Vladimir Dobrosavljevic (Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University) | Détails Fermer |
Bad Metal Behavior and Mott Quantum Criticality le vendredi 19 février 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : According to early ideas of Mott and Anderson, the interaction-driven metal-insulator transition – the Mott transition – remains a sharp T=0 phase transition even in absence of any spin or charge ordering. Should this phase transition be regarded as a quantum critical point? To address this question, here we examine the phase diagram and transport properties of the maximally frustrated half-filled Hubbard model, in the framework of dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). We identify a “quantum Widom line†(QWL) which defines the center of the corresponding quantum critical region associated with Mott metal-insulator transition in this model. The evolution of resistivity with temperature is then evaluated along trajectories following (parallel to) the QWL, displaying remarkable scaling behavior characteristic of quantum criticality. Precisely this kind of behavior was found in very recent experiments on organic Mott systems [1,2]. In the case of the doping-driven Mott transition, we show that the mysterious “Bad Metal†behavior (T-linear resistivity around the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit) coincides with the Quantum Critical region of the Mott transition. [1] Quantum criticality of Mott transition in organic materials, Tetsuya Furukawa, Kazuya Miyagawa, Hiromi Taniguchi, Reizo Kato & Kazushi Kanoda, Nature Physics, 9 Feb. 2015; doi:10.1038/nphys3235. [2] See also: http://condensedconcepts.blogspot.com/2015/03/quantum-criticality-near-mott.html Liens : |
Laurent de Forges de Parny (Laboratoire de Physique, ENS Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
Recent advances in ultracold atomic gases: bosonic mixtures and quantum magnetism le jeudi 18 février 2016 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : This pedagogic seminar focuses on ultracold atoms in optical lattices. The strong interactions between particles give rise to surprising behaviors, unequalled in condensed matter physics. In particular, recent progress in the field have allowed the study of bosonic systems with multiple components, such as atomic and molecular mixtures and bosons with spin degree of freedom. The richness of these systems comes from the competition between different terms of the Hamiltonian, leading to multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates, multiple transitions and quantum magnetism. Two systems, involving conversions between the different species of particles trapped, particularly drew my attention: an atomic and molecular model and a spin-1 bosonic model. I will show that these systems exhibit intriguing phases (e.g. Nematic and ferromagnetic superfluids, Feshbach insulator), as well as many phase transitions (e.g. quantum first order, singlet-to-nematic, Ising transition). Some of my numerical results discussed in this seminar, obtained by using the exact quantum Monte Carlo approach, have just been experimentally observed. Liens :Laurent de Forges de Parny |
Felix Roosen-Runge (ILL, theory group, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Modelling diffusion in complex systems of biological and soft matter le vendredi 12 février 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Diffusion is an essential process in biological and soft matter, representing nutrient and reactant transport as well as biological function of macromolecules. Multiple experimental techniques access diffusion processes at different length and time scales, and numerous theoretical approaches to diffusion provide well-established predictions for model systems such as suspensions of hard colloids. Systems of biological and soft matter, however, often show more complex structural features, which challenge the transfer of theoretical results for simple model systems. In the talk, two examples will be presented in an integrated discussion of experimental results and theoretical modelling. First, protein diffusion in concentrated solutions will be shown to be reasonably well described by colloid theory. Second, diffusion of water in the vicinity of membranes will be shown to be anomalous and anisotropic, presenting challenging problems for analytical modelling, as e.g. desired for the implementation of fit functions for experimental and computational results. Liens : |
Artur Slobodeniuk (LNCMI) | Détails Fermer |
Spin-flip processes and radiative decay of dark excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers le jeudi 11 février 2016 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LNCMI |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Detecting photon-photon interactions in a superconducting circuit le mercredi 10 février 2016 à 14:00 |
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Luca Taddia (Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa) | Détails Fermer |
Synthetic gauge field and synthetic dimension in interacting ultracold Fermi gases le lundi 08 février 2016 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The recently introduced concept of synthetic gauge field in synthetic dimension opens the possibility of studying the properties of (quasi) (d et 1)-dimensional systems in a classical gauge field by means of d-dimensional multi-species lattice gases, both theoretically [1] and experimentally [2]. I will show how the presence of atomic interactions affects the physics of the system, leading to properties resembling fractional quantum Hall effect [3,4].
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Mathematical and theoretical physics approaches to the KPZ equation | Détails Fermer |
le mardi 02 février 2016 à 09:45 | |
Résumé :
Liens : |
CPTGA 29 janvier (Café | Détails Fermer |
Proving conformal invariance in critical scalar theories in any dimension le vendredi 29 janvier 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Recent progress in the study of three-dimensional Ising model has been made by the use of the "conformal bootstrap [1] that assumes the existence of conformal symmetry in critical phenomena. In this way the best estimates of critical exponents in the three-dimensional Ising model have been obtained. Due to these results we study a necessary condition for the existence of conformal invariance in scale invariant systems. By using the Lebowitz inequalities [2], we prove that this necessary condition is fulfilled in all dimensions for the Ising universality class [3]. This shows, in particular, that scale invariance implies conformal invariance for the three-dimensional Ising model.
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Cyril Branciard (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum superpositions of causal relations: |A causes B> et |B causes A> le jeudi 28 janvier 2016 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The notion of causality is deeply rooted in our understanding of the classical world: we typically understand the relationship between events in terms of causal relations, where some events are causes for other events, their effects. Now, we know that the quantum world is full of weird phenomena. What happens to causal relations? Do they look the same as in the classical world, or could their be new types of causal relations? E.g., in the same way that quantum objects can be in a superposition of two incompatible states (allowing a cat to be both dead and alive at the same time!), could we have superpositions of causal orders? A situation of the kind |A causes BÂ > et |B causes AÂ > ? In this talk I will present a new formalism that allows us to tackle these questions, and discuss some possible applications in quantum information science. Liens :LPMMC |
CPTGA 22 janvier (Café (Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing) | Détails Fermer |
Antiferro quadrupolar and Ising-nematic orders of a frustrated bilinear-biquadratic Heisenberg model and implications for the magnetism of FeSe le vendredi 22 janvier 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Motivated by the magnetic properties of the iron chalcogenides, we study the phase diagram of a generalized Heisenberg model with frustrated bilinear-biquadratic interactions on a square lattice. We identify zero-temperature phases with antiferroquadrupolar and Ising-nematic orders. The effects of quantum fluctuations and interlayer couplings are analyzed. We propose the Ising-nematic order as underlying the structural phase transition observed in the normal state of FeSe, and discuss the role of the Goldstone modes of the antiferroquadrupolar order for the dipolar magnetic fluctuations in this system. Our results provide a considerably broadened perspective on the overall magnetic phase diagram of the iron chalcogenides and pnictides, and are amenable to tests by new experiments.
Rong Yu obtained his Ph.D. degree from University of Southern California in 2007. He was a postdoctoral research associate at University of Tennessee, Knoxville (2007–2009) and at Rice University (2009-2013). Since 2013 he has been an associate professor at Department of Physics, Remin University of China. He has been working on theory of correlated electronic systems. Current main areas of his research includes phase transitions in heavy fermion systems, frustration and disorder effects in quantum magnets, superconductivity and correlation effects in iron-based superconductors. Liens : |
MISSING (Université de Genève) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum spins as quantum simulators le jeudi 21 janvier 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum magnets in insulating structures have proven to be remarkable systems when subjected to a strong magnetic field. In addition to their own intrinsic interest they can be mapped on model systems of itinerant quantum particles. This has allowed to use them as quantum simulators for studying the properties of interacting hard core bosons. In particular I will focus on two recent ladder compounds for which a combination of numerical studies and analytical ones has allowed to obtain fully the dynamical correlation functions. I will review the recent results in that respect, in particular some of the experiments and the corresponding theories for phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids as observed by neutrons, NMR and also ESR. I will discuss the recent successes in this domain as well as several of the open problems and perspectives offered by such compounds such as the possibility to study dimensional crossover, disorder effects etc. Liens :MISSING |
Luca de Medici (ESRF-Grenoble, ESPCI-Paris) | Détails Fermer |
A thermomagnetic mechanism for self-cooling cables le vendredi 15 janvier 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A solid state mechanism for cooling high-current cables is proposed based on the Ettingshausen effect, i.e. the transverse thermoelectric cooling generated in magnetic fields [1]. The intense current running in the cable generates a strong magnetic field around it, that can be exploited by a small current running in a coating layer made out of a strong â€thermomagnetic†material to induce a temperature difference between the cable core and the environment. Both analytical calculations and realistic numerical simulations for Bismuth coatings in typical magnetic fields are presented. The latter yield temperature drops ≃60K and >100K for a single- and double-layer coating respectively. These encouraging results should stimulate the search for better thermomagnetic materials, in view of applications such as self-cooled superconducting cables working at room temperature. [1] Luca de Medici, arXiv:1506.01674 (2015). Liens : |
José Maria Esclante-Fernandez (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Germanium as a optical gain material le jeudi 14 janvier 2016 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In the talk I will speak about the potential of Ge as an optical gain material and one of the most interesting approaches to achieve the emission of germanium. Liens :LPMMC |
Alessandro Giuliani | Détails Fermer |
Periodic striped ground states in Ising models with competing interactions le vendredi 08 janvier 2016 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We consider Ising models in two and three dimensions, with short range ferromagnetic and long range, power-law decaying, antiferromagnetic interactions. We let J be the ratio between the strength of the ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic interactions. The competition between these two kinds of interactions induces the system to form domains of minus spins in a background of plus spins, or vice versa. If the decay exponent p of the long range interaction is larger than d et 1, with d the space dimension, this happens for all values of J smaller than a critical value J_c(p), beyond which the ground state is homogeneous. In this talk, we give a characterization of the infinite volume ground states of the system, for p>2d and J in a left neighborhood of J_c(p). In particular, we report a proof that the quasi-one-dimensional states consisting of infinite stripes (d=2) or slabs (d=3), all of the same optimal width and orientation, and alternating magnetization, are infinite volume ground states. We shall explain the key aspects of the proof, which is based on localization bounds combined with reflection positivity. Joint work with Robert Seiringer. Liens : |
Jordan Henry (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Modeling the Tau protein - Microtubule interaction le jeudi 07 janvier 2016 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson syndromes are examples of disorders associated with a dysfunction of tau proteins to properly regulate the network of microtubules (MTs) in axons. Understanding how and by which means Tau proteins affect the microtubule dynamics represent therefore a major challenge in understanding Tauopathies. In this work, we were interested in the dynamic interaction between a Tau protein and a non-dynamic microtubule. Based on the experimental observations, we constructed a model describing the interaction Tau - MT as a dynamical process "on - off" in which the free Tau ("off") may be confined ("on") on the MT which it moves along a one-dimensional diffusion process and then followed by either an attachment on the MT or a detachment in the "off" state. This model is characterized by 5 parameters that can be extracted from experiments : kon the confinement rate on the MT for a free Tau, D the diffusion coefficient of the one-dimensional diffusion for a Tau confined on the MT, kb the attachment rate for a Tau confined along the MT, kc the detachment rate of Tau bound on the MT, and kf the escape rate of Tau protein. We have derived the analytical expressions of the main characteristics of the Tau - MT interaction. Liens :LPMMC |
Dmitri Khveshchenko (University of North Carolina) | Détails Fermer |
Demystifying the holographic mystique le vendredi 18 décembre 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Despite great efforts, the progress towards a systematic study and classification of various 'strange' metallic states of matter has been rather slow. It's been argued, however, that the recent proliferation of the ideas of holographic correspondence originating from string theory might offer a possible way out of the stalemate. This discussion aims at ascertaining the true (as opposed to the desired) status of the applications of holography to condensed matter systems and elucidating the conditions under which it might indeed work. Liens : |
Francesco 17 décembre (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 17 décembre 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Georg Schwiete (SPICE and Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz) | Détails Fermer |
Thermal transport in the disordered electron liquid le vendredi 11 décembre 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk, I will present a theoretical study of thermal transport in the disordered two-dimensional electron liquid. At temperatures smaller than the impurity scattering rate, in the diffusive regime, thermal conductivity acquires non-analytic quantum corrections. Our approach to this problem is based on an analysis of the heat density-heat density correlation function. In a two-stage procedure, a renormalization group calculation is supplemented with a perturbative study of scattering processes induced by the Coulomb interaction in the sub-temperature energy range. These scattering processes are at the origin of logarithmic corrections violating the Wiedemann-Franz law. As an application, I intend to discuss thermal transport on the metallic side of the metal-insulator transition in Si MOSFETs. References: G. Schwiete and A.M. Finkel’stein, PRB 90, 060201 (2014), PRB 90, 155441 (2014), arXiv:1509.02519, arXiv:1510.06529 Liens : |
CPTGA 04 décembre (Café ( Institute for Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, G) | Détails Fermer |
Nematic order in iron superconductors - who is in the driver's seat? le vendredi 04 décembre 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Understanding the low-energy excitations of the normal state of the iron based materials is fundamental to unveil the pairing mechanism responsible for its superconducting state. Experiments have revealed that below the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic transition line, which closely tracks the magnetic transition line, the system displays a strongly anisotropic behavior that cannot be attributed only to the small lattice distortion. As a result, it has been suggested that electronic degrees of freedom, dubbed nematic, drive the structural transition. In this talk, I will present a theoretical model for the low-energy fluctuations associated with this nematic degrees of freedom, studying its impact on different properties of the iron pnictides. I will generalize the concept of vestigial order to other correlated systems. Finally, we will discuss the role of nematic fluctuations to the pairing interaction of the iron pnictides. Liens :CPTGA 04 décembre (Café |
Simon Pigeon (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Thermodynamic of trajectories for quantum open systems. From full-counting statistics and dynamical phase transition tThermodynamic of trajectories for quantum open systems. From full-counting statist le jeudi 03 décembre 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The description of the dynamics resulting from the interaction of a quantum system with its environment is one of the key goals of modern quantum physics. The formal description of the evolution of an open system, especially in a quantum context, is typically tackled through master equation approach. Recently, a promising approach came to light, combining the quantum master equation and large-deviation theory. Unlike others, this approach applies to any dissipative quantum systems, paving the way to a standard description of dynamic of open quantum system in terms of thermodynamics of trajectories. From two different systems, I will explore the possibility given by this approach. Starting with a small interacting spin ring, we will see how thermodynamic of trajectories predict bistable dynamical behaviour. Next I will consider a paradigmatic system in quantum mechanics, a quantum harmonic oscillators connected to various baths. I will present how our approach, based on quantum optics methods yields an analytical expression for the large- deviation function encoding the full-counting statistics of exchange between the system and the environment. Furthermore, the same approach, generalised to any network of harmonic oscillator undergoing linear dynamics allows us to, efficiently derive numerically the behaviour of energy-exchange processes between the system in a steady state and the environment. From it we can access to possible fluctuation theorem, a key thermodynamic quantities for a large variety of open systems. Liens :LPMMC |
Antoine Sterdyniak (Innsbrück) | Détails Fermer |
Realization of strongly interacting topological phases on lattices le jeudi 26 novembre 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : While fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) was realized experimentally thirty years ago in semiconductor heterostructures, strongly interacting chiral topological phases are still at the center of an important research effort, both as they serve as building blocks of more exotic phases such as fractional topological insulators and as a realization outside of semi-conductor physics is still missing. In this talk, I will describe realizations of these phases in cold atoms gases and in frustrated spins systems. I will first introduce optical flux lattices, which are continuous models that exhibit topological flat bands with a tunable Chern number and host fractional states beyond the FQHE. Then, I will focus on chiral spin liquids whose emergence on the kagomé lattice using local Hamiltonians has been shown very recently. Unlike itinerant particle systems where FQHE can be understood as a consequence of interactions in a partially filled topological band, I will show that such a picture does not hold for this chiral spin liquid. however, it can be described by model states obtained using a parton construction. Liens :Antoine SterdyniakInnsbrück |
Alberto Marmodoro (Max Planck Institute Halle, Theory Department) | Détails Fermer |
First principles calculations in magnetic and disordered compounds: recovery of finite lifetime effects in a Green function approximation framework le vendredi 20 novembre 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The electronic structure and low-lying excitations' spectrum of a material can represent an essential tool to understand experiments. Relying on the foundations of density functional theory, a variety of techniques are available for the study of these dispersion relationships with good degree of predictivity across a variety of systems. I will concentrate on a Green function formalism, in its suitability to deploy approximation schemes that can also capture finite lifetime effects. Discussion will focus in particular on the examples of electronic states in disordered solids, such as alloys or doped compounds, and collective spin excitations undergoing specific damping processes. Basic features of the methods adopted for such studies will be outlined, and illustrated through some real materials' case studies and simplified models prototypes. Liens :Alberto MarmodoroMax Planck Institute Halle, Theory Department |
Peter Schuck (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
New decoupling scheme of the (quantal) BBGKY hirarchy of density matrices at the 3-body level with applications to exactly solvable models for a test le jeudi 19 novembre 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The equations of motion couple 1-body densities to 2-body ones. 2-body densities are coupled to 3-body ones, etc. We show that the 3-body correlators can approximately but very naturally be expressed as a quadratic form of the 2-body correlators closing thus the hirarchy on the 2-body level. Neglecting the 2-body correlations leads to Time Dependent Hartree-Fock. Its small amplitude limit gives RPA (with excahnge). The small amplitude limit of the coupled equations for 1-body and 2-body densities leads to equations where the RPA is augmented to contain ground state correlations self-consistently (SCRPA) which in turn is coupled to a higher RPA of the 2-body sector. The scheme is conserving, fullfills f-sum rule, and Goldstone theorem. Applications to exactly sovable models like 1D Hubbard show very promising results. Liens :Peter SchuckLPMMC |
Oleg Yevtushenko (Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum phase transition and transport in a Kondo Chain le vendredi 13 novembre 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I will discuss the low energy physics of a Kondo chain where electrons from a 1d band interact with magnetic moments via an anisotropic exchange interaction. I will show that the anisotropy gives rise to two different phases which are separated by a quantum phase transition. In the phase with easy plane anisotropy, Z_2 symmetry between sectors with different helicity of the electrons is broken. As a result, localization effects are suppressed and the dc transport acquires (partial) symmetry protection. This effect is similar to the protection of the edge transport in time-reversal invariant topological insulators. The phase with easy axis anisotropy corresponds to the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid with a pronounced spin-charge separation. The slow charge density waves have no protection against localizatioin. Liens : |
Juan Polo Gomez (Université de Barcelone) | Détails Fermer |
Dynamics of ultracold atoms in coupled ring potentials le jeudi 12 novembre 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk we will discuss spatial adiabatic passage processes for ultracold atoms in tunnel coupled cylindrically symmetric potentials. Specifically, we investigate the matter-wave analogue of the Rapid Adiabatic Passage and of the Stimulated Ramann Adiabatic Passage techniques for the loading of a single atom and its transport between different potentials. The dynamics is described by means of a two- and a three-state models, obtaining good agreement with the corresponding numerical simulations of the two-dimensional Schrödinger equation. In addition, we will present the dynamics of angular momentum states for a single ultracold atom trapped in two dimensional systems of sided coupled ring potentials. We will show that the tunneling amplitudes between different ring states with variation of winding number are complex. In particular, we demonstrate that in a triangular ring configuration, spatial dark states can be geometrically engineered to manipulate the transport of angular momentum via quantum interference. Liens : |
Gianluca Stefanucci (Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Roma ) | Détails Fermer |
NEGF approach to time-resoved quantum transport le vendredi 06 novembre 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In the first part of the talk I give an introduction to the fundamentals of the Nonequilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) formalism, highlighting important aspects of the theory like how to incoroporate initial correlations, how to generate conserving approximations, and how to make the scheme practical through the solution of the Kadanoff-Baym equations. In the second part of the talk the NEGF formalism is applied to nanoscale junctions to derive a generalization of the Meir-Wingreen formula that includes initial correlations and memory effects. I present numerical results through correlated model systems and discuss the performance of different conserving approximations in the description of level broadenings, level renormalization, and bistability. If time permits, I will also discuss a recent development to drastically reduce the computational cost of the simulations. Gianluca Stefanucci is the author of a book on Non-Equilibrium Green Functions (NEGF) theory (http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139023979) and a contributed author to the book "Molecular and Nano Electronics: Analysis, Design and Simulation" (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/bookseries/13807323/17), with interests on applications of NEGF to both steady-state and transient response Quantum Transport. Liens :Gianluca Stefanucci |
Duy 05 novembre (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 05 novembre 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Giuseppe Carloe (Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, Palaiseau) | Détails Fermer |
Strongly correlated one-dimensional quantum gases: pinning Mott transition and variational description of dynamical properties le lundi 02 novembre 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
CPTGA 23 octobre (Café (Max Planck Institute) | Détails Fermer |
Classification of topological quantum matter with symmetries le vendredi 23 octobre 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Topological materials have in recent years become a subject of intense research due to fundamental considerations as well as potential use for technical applications in device fabrication and quantum information. One of the hallmarks of topological materials is the existence of protected exotic zero-energy surface states, which arise as a consequence of a nontrivial topology of the bulk wave functions. In this talk, starting from the ten-fold classification of topological insulators and superconductors, I will survey recent developments, with a particular emphasis on the topological classifications of fully gapped and gapless materials in terms of crystal reflection symmetries. As concrete examples, I discuss the Dirac materials Ca3PbO and Sr3PbO and show that these antiperovskites are reflection-symmetry-protected topological insulators. The Dirac surface states of these materials are protected by a non-zero mirror Chern number, which can take on only even values. As an example of a reflection-symmetry-protected topological semimetal, I will present results about the recently discovered compound Ca3P2 and demonstrate that this system exhibits surface states which are almost dispersionless. If time permits, I will also discuss some results about the topological properties of noncentrosymmetric superconductors and their Majorana flat-band states. Liens :CPTGA 23 octobre (Café |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Geometric and algorithmic methods of quantum optimal control le jeudi 22 octobre 2015 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : Quantum optimal control is a growing multidisciplinary field of research that aims at developing mathematical and numerical tools to control quantum systems more efficiently. This talk will first give an overview of the field and its applications. Then we will focus on two examples of methods: the geometric approach with applications to NMR and IMR, and the numerical approach named Gradient Optimization of Analytic conTrols (GOAT), applied to Josephson junctions. Liens : |
Andrey Vasenko | Détails Fermer |
Charge, heat and spin transport in superconducting hybrid structures le lundi 19 octobre 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The thermoelectric transport in superconducting hybrid structures is studied. In these systems the superconductors are placed in electric contact with other materials, for example normal metals, ferromagnets, etc. The proximity and Josephson effects in superconductor/ ferromagnet hybrid structures were studied in diffusive limit. Some novel effects were predicted. On the basis of this research the thermal transport in normal metal/ superconductor micro-refrigerators was studied. There was proposed the model of a micro-refrigerator, which may overcome the existing limitations of the cooling process. Finally, novel project on the electric transport in superconductor/ topological insulator hybrid structures was proposed. The buffet will be served at 17:00. Liens : |
Marco Cominotti (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 09 octobre 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Wilhelm Zwerger (TU, Muenchen) | Détails Fermer |
Higgs-Mode and Magnon Interactions in 2D Quantum Antiferromagnets from Raman Scattering le vendredi 09 octobre 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A theory for Raman scattering on 2D quantum antiferromagnets is presented which is based on an effective $O(3)$ - model. Well within the N'eel ordered phase, the Raman spectrum contains a two-magnon and a two-Higgs contribution, which are calculated diagramatically. The full Raman spectrum is determined completely by the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling $J$ and a dimensionless Higgs mass. Due to the momentum dependence of the Raman vertex, the contribution from the Higgs mode shows up as separate peak in the spectrum only for intermediate values of the Higgs mass. The dominant two-magnon excitations give rise to a broad, asymmetric peak at $omegasimeq 2.44, J$, which is a result of magnon-magnon interactions mediated by the Higgs mode. Experimental Raman spectra of undoped cuprates and Iridates turn out to be in very good agreement with the theory. They provide a clear signature of the presence of a Higgs mode in spin one-half 2D quantum antiferromagnets. Liens : |
Vincent Rossetto (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Physique statistique des ondes diffuses le mercredi 07 octobre 2015 à 10:00 |
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Liens :Vincent RossettoLPMMC |
Andrea de Luca | Détails Fermer |
From the quantum quenches to the microwaverefrigerator le vendredi 02 octobre 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The study of the many-body quantum eigenstates has recently revealed a novel dynamical transition, dubbed many-body localization, intimately related to the mechanism of quantum thermalization, and resulting from the competition between disorder and interaction. When the disorder becomes sufficiently strong, ergodicity is not ensured and standard thermodynamics does not apply. Here, we show manifestations of the weak/strong disorder regime in an open and driven quantum system. We consider a minimal model for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP), the most effective technique to increase nuclear polarization by doping a compound with unpaired electrons. These electron spins are subject to random fields and dipolar couplings, and are driven out-of-equilibrium by microwave irradiation. We show the emergence of two distinct dynamical phases: for strong interactions the irradiated electron spins behave as a thermal bath, cooling down the nuclear spins to their extremely low effective temperature. For weak interaction, hyperpolarization loses efficiency and the description in terms of an effective temperature breaks down. Liens : |
Guillaume Lang (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le lundi 28 septembre 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Vincenzo Savona (Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Nanosystems, EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland) | Détails Fermer |
Matrix-product-operator approach to the nonequilibrium steady state of driven-dissipative quantum arrays le vendredi 25 septembre 2015 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
Phil Stamp (Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver) | Détails Fermer |
QUANTUM MAGNETS and the SPIN BATH le jeudi 17 septembre 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In the ‘Quantum Ising†model a set of coupled spins can quantum fluctuate between “up†and “down†states. Of particular interest is the case where the interspin couplings are dipolar – this describes the most widely-used type of quantum computer, a huge variety of rare earth and transition metal-based spin systems, and has also been used to describe some superconducting networks. It is also of more general interest in quantum field theory. I begin by discussing the general problem of decoherence and quantum relaxation for a magnetic system coupled to a ‘spin bath’ environment. These environments are the main problem preventing us from making useable quantum computers. Particular attention is paid to these phenomena for Quantum Ising systems. Experimental and theoretical work on both quantum relaxation, decoherence, and quantum phase transitions is summarized for the LiHo system, and for several molecular magnetic quantum Ising systems - the implications for adiabatic quantum computers are also discussed. Finally, I discuss a new technique involving strong high-frequency applied AC fields which will allow quantum control of the effective Hamiltonian of these systems, in principle allowing the complete suppression of the coupling to the spin bath environment. Liens : |
Smain Balaska (Université d'Oran) | Détails Fermer |
The boundary conformal field theories of the 2D Ising critical points le lundi 14 septembre 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We present a numerical method to identify the Boundary Conformal Field Theories (BCFT) describing the critical behavior of the 2D-Ising Model on the Strip. This method is based on the measuring of the low-lying excitation energies spectra of the Ising Quantum Chain for different Boundary conditions in order to compare them with those of the possible Boundary Conformal Field Theories of the (A2;A3) minimal model. |
Mario Gattobigio (INLN, Nice) | Détails Fermer |
Efimov Physics: from three- to N-particle universality le vendredi 11 septembre 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Efimov physics refers to the universal behaviour of three-body particles in systems where the interaction is tuned, by nature or by scientists, close to the verge of binding a two-body subsystem. The most striking aspect of this physics is the Efimov effect, that is the appearance of an infinite number of three-body bound states that accumulate at the zero-energy threshold in the limit where the two-body-scattering length diverges (unitary limit). Moreover, the ratio between two consecutive bound-state energies tends to a constant that, for identical bosons, is universal. The limit is exact for all of the three body states in the case of zero-range potentials, an ideal and pathological limit where the infinite tower of three-body bound states is unbounded from below (Thomas collapse). For real potential, the range of the force is finite, the system has a well-defined three-body-ground state, and the limit receives non-universal corrections - finite-range corrections. After an introduction to Efimov physics, I will show how finite-range corrections can be taken into account in the theory, allowing to map both real-potential calculations and experimental results onto the universal zero-range theory. In addition, I'll show that the same finite-range analysis allows to analyse the N-body spectrum and to map it onto the same universal prediction of the zero-range three-body theory. In a sense still to be clarified, I'll show evidences that the three-, four-, five-, and six-body shallow systems belong to the same class of universality. Liens : |
Luc Frappat (LAPTh, Annecy-le-vieux) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum spin chains and Bethe Ansatz le vendredi 10 juillet 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum integrable systems have a long history. Originally, solving such models was done through the Coordinate Bethe Ansatz, while the underlying mathematical structure was not manifest. In the eighties, R-matrices, solutions of the celebrated Yang-Baxter equation, has become a cornerstone of the resolution of such systems. R-matrices contain the Hamiltonian of the system and constitute the basic ingredient of the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz that allows for solving the model. After presenting and comparing the two ansatz, we review some of the strategies that can be implemented to infer an R-matrix from the knowledge of its Hamiltonian, and apply this framework to the case of 19-vertex models in the context of spin chains. Liens : |
Pacôme (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 09 juillet 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Katharina Rojan (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Dynamical localization in a quantum André Aubry potential le mardi 07 juillet 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Lode Pollet (LMU, Muenchen) | Détails Fermer |
Higgs modes in condensed matter physics le vendredi 03 juillet 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We present solid evidence for the existence of an amplitude (Higgs) mode in two- dimensional relativistic field theories based on analytically continued results from quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the Bose-Hubbard model in the vicinity of the superfluid-Mott insulator quantum critical point, featuring emergent particle-hole symmetry and Lorentz invariance. The Higgs boson, seen as a well-defined low-frequency resonance in the spectral density, is quickly pushed to high energies in the superfluid phase and disappears by merging with the broad secondary peak at the characteristic interaction scale. Simulations of a trapped system of ultra-cold Rb-87 atoms demonstrate that the low-frequency resonance feature is lost for typical experimental parameters, while the characteristic frequency for the onset of strong response is preserved. We compute the universal scaling function and comment on the agreements and disagreements with three dimensions and observations of Higgs particles in more traditional solid state experiments. Liens : |
MISSING (Univ. Tokyo) | Détails Fermer |
Meron-antimeron Crystals with Spin Scalar Chiral Stripes le jeudi 02 juillet 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Skyrmion, a topologically-nontrivial magnetic structure with a noncoplanar spin configuration, has been extensively studied not only for the intriguing transport phenomena but also potential applications to electronic devices. The spin-orbit coupling plays an important role in stabilizing the noncoplanar spin textures and also in determining the size of skyrmions through the competition between the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the exchange interaction. As the spin-orbit coupling is an intrinsic parameter in each material, it is rather difficult to control the stability of skyrmions and to manipulate their sizes. For more variety and flexibility, it is desired to explore another class of nontrivial spin textures arising from different origins. In this study, we propose a new mechanism for stabilizing the topologically-nontrivial magnetic order, in which the size of noncoplanar spin texture is flexibly varied. Instead of the spin-orbit coupling, we utilize the instability originating in the Fermi surface structure, which exists ubiquitously in itinerant electron systems. In this mechanism, the ordering vector is determined by the size and shape of the Fermi surface.We demonstrate this insimple spin-charge coupled systems, a family of square-lattice Kondo lattice models. Performing an efficient numerical simulation based on the Langevin dynamics, we find that a meron-antimeron crystal with spin scalar chiral stripes can have lower energy than the helical order that is inferred from the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction. We also investigate the stabilizing mechanism by the variational calculation, the truncation of the spin scattering processes, and the perturbation theory in terms of the spin-charge coupling and the degree of noncoplanarity. Our results show that the formation of meron-antimeron crystals is a dominant instability in the spin-charge coupled systems in a wide range of electron filling fractions. Liens : |
Li-Jin (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 26 juin 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Michael Urban (INP, Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Anisotropic expansion and collective modes of trapped Fermi gases le vendredi 26 juin 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The expansion of a unitary Fermi gas after its release from an anisotropic trap and the damping of collective modes have been used to determine experimentally the viscosity of this system. However, the viscous hydrodynamic approach is only valid if the mean free path is much smaller than the system size. Actually, experimental results show that the trapped gases are often closer to the ballistic than to the hydrodynamic regime. In this seminar, I will present a detailed analysis of the expansion and the collective modes of a normal-fluid Fermi gas in the framework of the Boltzmann equation with in-medium effects (mean field, cross section). After discussing approximate solutions of the Boltzmann equation based on phase-space moments, I will describe the fully numerical solution with the test-particle method, which agrees very well with experimental results. Some results for shock-wave formation will be shown, too. Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 19 juin 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Antton Goicoechea (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 12 juin 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Netanel Lindner (Technion) | Détails Fermer |
Topological pumping in non-equilibrium periodically driven systems le vendredi 12 juin 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Periodically driven quantum systems, such as semiconductors subject to light and cold atoms in optical lattices, provide a novel and versatile platform for realizing topological phenomena. Among these are analogs of topological insulators and superconductors, attainable in static systems. However, some of these phenomena are unique to the periodically driven case. I will describe how the interplay between periodic driving, disorder, and interactions gives rise to new steady states exhibiting robust topological phenomena, with no analogues in static systems. Specifically, I will show that disordered two dimensional driven systems admit an “anomalous" phase with chiral edge states that coexist with a fully localized bulk. This phase serves as a basis for a new topologically protected non-equilibrium transport phenomenon: quantized non-adiabatic charge pumping. I will make a comparison to interacting one dimensional driven systems, and show that despite the fact that they cannot support such a phenomenon, they do harbor current carrying states with excessively long life times. Liens :Netanel Lindner |
Eiji Kawasaki (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 05 juin 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (Collège de France) | Détails Fermer |
Ingénierie quantique des matériaux et dispositifs à forte corrélations électroniques le lundi 1er juin 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :MISSINGCollège de France |
Steven Mathey (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Anomalous scaling at non-thermal fixed points of Gross-Pitaevskii and KPZ turbulence le vendredi 29 mai 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The concept of Non-thermal Fixed Point has been used to describe far-from-equilibrium quasi-stationary ultra-cold Bose gases. In particular in the strong-wave turbulence regime scaling of energy and particle spectra was analysed successfully. Classical hydrodynamic turbulence is related to super-fluid turbulence by means of the density and phase decomposition of the Bose gas wave function. Phase dynamics is then described by the stochastic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation. This relation in between ultra-cold Bose gases and KPZ dynamics is explored here for d=1, 2 and 3 and is shown to have remarkable consequences. In particular, it enables the use of calculations from the KPZ literature to read off the anomalous scaling exponent of the ultra-cold Bose gas spectra at a Non-Thermal Fixed Point. Liens :LPMMC |
Vincent Michal (LPTMS) | Détails Fermer |
Many-body physics of bosons in (quasi)disorder le vendredi 29 mai 2015 à 11:00 |
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Liens :Vincent Michal |
MISSING (McMaster University, Hamilton) | Détails Fermer |
Universal features of quantum dynamics: quantum catastrophes le vendredi 22 mai 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Rainbows, bright lines on the bottom of swimming pools, rogue waves at sea, gravitational lensing: these are all examples of natural focusing. In optics they are known as caustics and are the places where geometric ray theory predicts infinite intensity forcing us to use wave theory get sensible answers. Since the 1970s it has been realized that there is an underlying order to these structures given by catastrophe theory [R. Thom (1975), V.I. Arnol’d (1975)]. There are only seven distinct catastrophes that can occur in 3 et 1 dimensions. They are generic (need no special symmetry) and they are insensitive to perturbations ("structurally stable") which is what makes them universal. In this talk I will argue that catastrophe theory should be extended to include quantum catastrophes, i.e. places where wave theory fails and we are forced to second-quantize to remove a singularity (in the case of optics this forces us to introduce the photon). I will give examples from the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in lattices following a quench to illustrate the basic idea. |
Eugene Demler (Harvard University) | Détails Fermer |
Nonequilibrium dynamics of fermions: from resonant Xray scattering in solids to ultracold atoms le vendredi 22 mai 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Many new experimental techniques in condensed matter physics go beyond the paradigm of linear response measurements. I will use example of resonant Xray scattering in high Tc cuprates to demonstrate how new insights into experimental results can be gained by considering their nonequilibrium aspects. I will also discuss on-going experiments with ultracold atoms that can help address open problems of quantum dynamics of many-body fermionic systems. Liens :Eugene Demler |
MISSING (Collège de France) | Détails Fermer |
Ingénierie quantique des matériaux et dispositifs à forte corrélations électroniques le lundi 18 mai 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :MISSINGCollège de France |
Juan Pablo Alvarez Zuniga (LPT, Toulouse) | Détails Fermer |
Analytical and numerical studies of superfluid - Bose glass transition in two dimensions le mercredi 13 mai 2015 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
Antoine Georges (Collège de France) | Détails Fermer |
Ingénierie quantique des matériaux et dispositifs à forte corrélations électroniques le lundi 04 mai 2015 à 14:00 |
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Matthias Eschrig (Royal Holloway, University of London) | Détails Fermer |
The complex life at the border between competing quantum condensates le vendredi 24 avril 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Much of the complexity of Nature results from the combined action of three concepts: symmetry breaking, topological stability, and emergence. Symmetry breaking and emergence of new symmetries are counteracting principles, the result of which is complexity, ultimately a precondition for the existence of life. Two major fields within condensed-matter physics that reflect these principles are magnetism and superconductivity. Both phenomena are essentially many-body quantum effects, the study of which is one of the grand challenges of modern science. The combination of superconducting quantum coherence with spin-ordered or spin-correlated states is one of the promising new developments in condensed matter physics, giving, for example, rise the the emerging field of "Superconducting Spintronics". I will discuss examples of physical phenomena emerging from the competition between and coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism. Liens :Matthias Eschrig |
Adriano Amaricci (SISSA) | Détails Fermer |
Strong correlation effects in topological phase transition: Emergence of a thermodynamic character. le jeudi 16 avril 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Topological quantum phase transitions are characterised by changes in global topological invariants beyond the paradigm of spontaneous symmetry breaking. For non-interacting electrons, such transitions are continuous and always accompanied by a gap-closing in the energy spectrum. The inclusion of electronic interaction may however lead to the emergence of a new scenario. After having briefly discussed the topological transition in a paradigmatic model for a 2D topological insulator, I will show that strong electronic interactions can superimpose to the topological transition a conventional (i.e. thermodynamic) critical behavior, even though the transition still does not correspond to any long-range order in the ordinary thermodynamic sense. Contrary to conventional expectations, such a topological quantum phase transition occurs without closure of the energy gap. Indeed, this theoretical study reveals the existence of a quantum critical endpoint associated with an orbital instability on the transition line between a 2D topological insulator and a trivial band insulator. Remarkably, this phenomenon entails unambiguous signatures associated to the orbital occupations that can be detected experimentally. Liens :Adriano Amaricci |
Dominique Spehner (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Mesures, décohérence et corrélations quantiques dans les systèmes composites le vendredi 10 avril 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :Dominique SpehnerLPMMC |
Laurent Sanchez-Palencia (Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Palaiseau) | Détails Fermer |
Spreading of quantum correlations in long-range interacting systems le vendredi 10 avril 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The study of the dynamics of correlated quantum systems is attracting considerable attention sparked by the emergence of new quantum systems that combine long coherence times, slow dynamics, and precise control of parameters. They include ultracold atoms, artificial ion crystals, electronic circuits, spin chains in organic conductors, and quantum photonic systems. In ultracold-atom systems for instance, major assets are the possibility to engineer out-of-equilibrium initial states and to dynamically change some microscopic parameter(s) of the system, hence realizing a so-called quench. The latter constitutes a unique tool to study the out-of-equilibrium physics of correlated quantum systems. One of the most fundamental feature of the dynamics of quantum systems is the existence of so-called Lieb-Robinson bounds to the propagation of correlations. While universal bounds have been confirmed in short-range interacting systems, the effect of long-range interactions remains a very debated subject and contrasting results have been reported. Here, we study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of two long-range quantum models, describing lattice bosons and spins. For sufficiently fast decaying long-ranged potentials, we find that the quantum limit set by the long-range Lieb-Robinson bounds is never attained and a purely ballistic behavior is found. For slowly decaying potentials, a radically different scenario is observed in the two models. In the bosonic case, a remarkable local spreading of correlations is still observed, despite the existence of infinitely fast traveling excitations in the system. This is in marked contrast with the spin case, where locality is broken. We provide a microscopic justification of the different regimes observed and of the origin of the protected locality in bosonic models. |
MISSING (University of Kwazulu Natal) | Détails Fermer |
Open Quantum Walks: Microscopic Derivations and Applications le vendredi 10 avril 2015 à 09:00 |
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Liens :MISSING |
Roger Balian (Académie des Sciences) | Détails Fermer |
An ensemble theory of ideal quantum measurement processes le jeudi 09 avril 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : A minimalist theory of ideal quantum measurements is presented. The tested system S and the apparatus A are treated as a compound, isolated system, and the process is identified with the establishment of a generalised thermodynamic equilibrium. The results can be found on the level of thermodynamics, with a qualitative account of the relaxation mechanisms, but they can also be derived through detailed dynamic calculations based on standard quantum statistical mechanics. A quantum formalism without interpretation is used, where density operators encode knowledge about properties of a statistical ensemble, and also of its subensembles. The analysis of the measurement involves three steps. The first one deals with the dynamics of the density matrix of S et A associated with a large set of runs; it involves both the disappearance of the off-diagonal blocks (by decoherence or dephasing) and the establishment of correlations between S and the pointer of A in the diagonal blocks. The desired form for this density matrix at the end of the process is thus obtained, under some specified conditions to be fulfilled by the Hamiltonian. However, due to a quantum ambiguity, this is not sufficient to account for the occurrence of a well defined outcome for each individual run of the ensemble. Therefore, in a second step, a stronger result is established, concerning all possible subensembles of runs. Their associated density operators are shown to relax towards the required structure owing to a specific mechanism that acts near the end of the process. In the third step, the equations thus formally obtained are interpreted by means of postulates which relate macrophysics to microphysics and pertain more to A than to S. The properties currently attributed to ideal measurements are thereby recovered most economically, and the status of Born’s rule is re-evaluated. |
Francesco Petruccione (University of Kwazulu Natal) | Détails Fermer |
Open Quantum Walks: Microscopic Derivations and Applications le jeudi 09 avril 2015 à 10:30 |
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Liens :Francesco Petruccione |
Guillaume Lang (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 03 avril 2015 à 13:15 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
Jan Zaanen (Instituut-Lorentz for Theoretical PhysicsUniversiteit Leiden) | Détails Fermer |
The string theory – condensed matter flirtation: an eyewitness account le vendredi 03 avril 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A quake is rumbling through the core of physics: the empiricisms of condensed matter physics and the mathematics of string theory appear to have some deep relations. For the initiated this has an unusually strong allure, but since this cocktail involves some of the most impenetrable areas of physics it is not easy to communicate the excitement to the community at large. I will attempt to get some of it across by telling the story from the perspective of a condensed matter theorist who learned string theory only quite recently. How string theory evolved from a reductionist’s enterprise into some modern incarnation of statistical physics, equipped with general relativity turbo’s and quantum information boosters in the form of the “AdS/CFT†holographic duality. How the universality of general relativity turned into a classification method for phases of matter, including new forms of “quantum†matter characterized by dense quantum entanglements on the macroscopic scale. How the latter reveal highly unusual traits having eerie resemblances with the mysterious experimental observations, with as highlight the famous linear resistivity measured in the strange metal phase of the high Tc supercondcutors. Liens :Jan Zaanen |
Marcin Plodzien (Jagellonian University, Cracovie) | Détails Fermer |
Anderson localization of matter-waves in tunable diagonal and off-diagonal disorder with an optical lattice le vendredi 27 mars 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We consider disorder formed by immobile hard-core bosons in one dimensional optical lattice. We show how fast periodic modulations of interspecies interactions between immobile and mobile particles allow us to produce an effective model with diagonal and off-diagonal disorder. In this seminar we point out that periodic modulation of interaction allow disorder to work as a tunable band-pass filter for momenta. |
Peter Schuck (LPMMC, Grenoble and Groupe de Physique Theorique, Institut de Physique Nucleair, Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Theory of quartet condensation (alpha-particles, bi-excitons, ...) with applications to nuclear systems and life on earth. le vendredi 27 mars 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Bound states of four fermions with the possibility of their condensation in a many body system are not so frequent in physics. There exist speculations since long that bi-excitons rather than excitons may condense in semiconductors but no experimental verification has been found so far. In cold atom physics there may exist the future possibility to trap four different fermions what would allow to study the many body physics of quartets. Quite a few theoretical works, predicting a superfluid phase of quartets, exist on the marked considering exact solutions of 1D four flavor Hubbard models. In nuclear physics exists the strongly bound quartet in form of the alpha particle. There may be the possibility that in compact star physics a transient phase of superfluid alpha particles exists. In finite nuclei several states can be explained as being formed by a losely interacting gas of alpha particles. This also bears the connection to 'life on earth'. I will present general theory with applications to nuclear systems. Liens : |
Dominique Spehner (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Maximally entangled states for bosonic atoms on a ring lattice le vendredi 20 mars 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We study the generation of entanglement between two species of neutral cold atoms living on an optical ring lattice. Synthetic magnetic fields are exploited to create an entangled state between the two species. Maximally entangled eigenstates are found for well defined values of the Aharonov-Bohm phase, which are zero energy eigenstates of both the kinetic and interacting parts of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, making them quite exceptional and robust against certain non-perturbative fluctuations of the Hamiltonian. We propose a protocol to reach the maximally entangled state starting from an initially prepared ground state. An indirect method to detect this state by measuring the current of particles is proposed. Liens :Dominique SpehnerLPMMC |
Leticia F. Cugliandolo (LPTHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI) | Détails Fermer |
Artificial spin-ice and vertex models le vendredi 20 mars 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Classical frustrated magnets are classical and quantum systems in which the interactions in combination with the lattice structure impede the spins to order in an optimal configuration at zero temperature. This occurs in natural spin-ice samples in which the spin interactions mimic the frustration of proton positions in water ice. The theoretical interest in these systems has been boosted by the artificial manufacture of materials that share these properties and are of flexible design. I will present a simple modelling of two dimensional spin-ice materials based on non-integrable extensions of the celebrated vertex models of statistical mechanics. I will describe (1) their static properties, obtained with an extension of the Bethe-Peierls or cavity method; (2) their stochastic dynamics, that display metastability, coarsening of stripes in the ferromagnetic phases, diffusion of topological defects, and other interesting features. The comparison to experiments will also be developed in the talk. My work on this subject has been done in collaboration with L. Foini, G. Gonnella, D. Levis, A. Pelizzola and M. Tarzia. Liens : |
André-Marie Tremblay (Université Sherbrooke, Canada) | Détails Fermer |
Superconductivity in doped or pressurized insulators : cuprates and organics le vendredi 13 mars 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The insulating state that arises from electron-electron repulsion is called a Mott insulator. Pressure or doping can cause a transition from an insulating state to a metal, the Mott transition. The doping-induced transition in two dimensions is peculiar and particularly relevant for high-temperature superconductors (cuprates). In this talk I show, for the one-band Hubbard model, that the Mott metal-insulator transition obtained by doping goes through an intermediate phase, the pseudogap phase. The transition between the pseudogap phase and the metal is first order, and the associated Widom line, discovered by Sordi in Grenoble, explains many of the crossovers observed in cuprates. One also finds a superconducting phase. The topology of the resulting phase diagram has many similarities with experiment. The importance of retardation for superconductivity, even in the strong correlation case, is discussed. When applied to the appropriate one-band Hubbard model for layered BEDT organics, the cellular dynamical mean-field methods used above for cuprates also yield good agreement with experiment in organics. Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 06 mars 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (Department of Chemistry and Institute of Lightweight Design with Hybrid Systems, University of Pader) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Mechanics in a Glass of Water le vendredi 06 mars 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A new energy decomposition analysis for periodic systems based on absolutely localized molecular orbitals is presented [1,2]. In combination with the recently developed second generation Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics [3,4], this not only allows for ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations on previously inaccessible time and length scales, but also provide unprecedented insights into the nature of hydrogen bonding between water molecules. The effectiveness of this new combined approach is demonstrated on liquid water, ice and the water/air interface [5-7]. Our simulations reveal that although a water molecule forms, on average, two strong donor and two strong acceptor bonds, there is a significant asymmetry in the energy of these contacts. We demonstrate that this asymmetry is a result of small instantaneous distortions of hydrogen bonds and show that the distinct features of vibrational and X-ray absorption spectra originate from molecules with high instantaneous asymmetry [1,2,7,8]. References
Liens : |
MISSING (CEA-INAC) | Détails Fermer |
On-demand maximally entangled states with a parity meter and continuous feedback le mercredi 04 mars 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The basic idea that parity measurements could be used to create entanglement is theoretically established by more than 10 years. Moreover, parity measurements can be realized in different solid state implementations, e.g. for superconducting qubits in resonant superconducting cavities and for quantum dots coupled to an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer or to a quantum point contact. A major problem in all these implementations is that the unavoidable back-action of the measurement hinder the realization of certain maximally entangled states. Importantly, such a decoherence has been recently reported in experiments with superconducting qubits in the groups of Dicarlo in Delft and Siddiqi in Berkeley.
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MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Phénomènes thermo-électriques dans des nanostructures supraconductrices le lundi 02 mars 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : This Ph.D. thesis deals with the theoretical study of the electric and thermal phenomena which occur at low temperatures in nano-structured devices comprising a tunnel junction between normal and/or superconducting metals. When a thin insulating layer separates the two metallic electrodes of a junction, both electric and heat currents flowing through this system are governed by the so-called quantum tunneling effect. Under the proper conditions, the electrons can overcome the insulating barrier carrying electric charge as well as energy (heat). Typically, these tunneling processes are affected by the exchange of energy with the high-temperature external circuit in which the nano-devices are embedded. In my thesis, I analyze the effect of such a thermal environment on the charge transport in three different nano-structures based on superconducting tunnel junctions and I study the heat tunneling in a superconducting cascade electronic nano-refrigerator. |
MISSING (University of California, Riverside) | Détails Fermer |
Anyonics: Designing exotic circuitry with non-Abelian anyons le vendredi 27 février 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Non-Abelian anyons are widely sought for the exotic fundamental physics they harbour as well as for their possible applications for quantum information processing. Currently, there are numerous blueprints for stabilizing the simplest type of non-Abelian anyon, a Majorana zero energy mode bound to a vortex or a domain wall. One such candidate system, a so-called "Majorana wire" can be made by judiciously interfacing readily available materials; the experimental evidence for the viability of this approach is presently emerging. Following this idea, we introduce a device fabricated from conventional fractional quantum Hall states, s-wave superconductors and insulators with strong spin-orbit coupling. Similarly to a Majorana wire, the ends of our “quantum wire†would bind "parafermions", exotic non-Abelian anyons which can be viewed as fractionalized Majorana zero modes.
Liens :MISSING |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 20 février 2015 à 14:00 |
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MISSING (SISSA) | Détails Fermer |
Non equilibrium dynamics and entanglement in the transverse field Ising chain le vendredi 20 février 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I will discuss the long time dynamics of some relevant observables in the quantum spin Ising chain that evolves unitarily from an initial out of equilibrium configuration. The aim is that of understanding the behaviour of out of equilibrium many body quantum systems, observed in recent ultra-cold atom experiments, in terms of few laws coming from quantum field theory or quantum mechanics, in a similar way as classical thermodynamics is based on statistical mechanics and ensemble formulation. Liens :MISSING |
MISSING (Aalto University) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 13 février 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : "Using the formal analogy between the statistics of work in
non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, large deviation principle and the
phenomenon of multifractality of random eigenfunctions in the field of
Anderson localization we generalize the Jarzynski equality by specifying
the low-temperature behavior of the work generating function.
We checked the new relations experimentally by measuring the dissipated
work in a driven single electron box and found a remarkable
correspondence. The results represent an important universal feature of
the work statistics in systems out of equilibrium and help to understand
the nature of the symmetry of multifractal exponents in the theory of
Anderson localization.
Liens :MISSING |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 06 février 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 30 janvier 2015 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, Palaiseau ) | Détails Fermer |
Light-cone effect and supersonic correlations in one- and two-dimensional bosonic superfluids le vendredi 30 janvier 2015 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk I will present some recent results on the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of interacting lattice bosons [1]. In particular, we study how (and how fast) correlations can spread in a quantum system abruptely driven out of equilibrium by a quantum quench. This protocol can be experimentally realized with ultra-cold atoms, which allow to address fundamental questions concerning the quasi-locality principle in isolated quantum systems [2, 3]. We focus on the spreading of density-density correlations in Bose-Hubbard models after a quench of the interaction strength, using time-dependent variational Monte Carlo simulations [4]. This method gives access to unprecedented long propagation times and to dimensions higher than one. In both one and two dimensions, we demonstrate the existence of a "light-cone", characterized by the ballistic spreading of correlations with a ï¬nite propagation time. We extract accurate values of the correlation-cone velocity in the superfluid regime and show that the spreading of correlations is generally supersonic. Further, we show that in two dimensions the correlation spreading is highly anisotropic and presents nontrivial interference effects. [1] G. Carleo, F. Becca, L. Sanchez-Palencia, S. Sorella, and M. Fabrizio, Phys. Rev. A 89, 031602(R) (2014). [2] M. Cheneau et al., Nature 481, 484 (2012). [3] T. Langen et al., Nat. Phys. 9, 640 (2013). [4] G. Carleo, F. Becca, M. Schiro, and M. Fabrizio, (Nature) Sci. Rep. 2, 243 (2012). Liens : |
MISSING (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware et Theory Group, Institut Laue Langevin) | Détails Fermer |
Superfluidity, Bose-Einstein Condensation and Phonon-Roton modes of Liquid 4He confined in Nanopores le vendredi 23 janvier 2015 à 11:00 |
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Liens :MISSINGDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of DelawareetTheory Group, Institut Laue Langevin |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Detecting the inelastic scattering of photons propagating in a Josephson junction chain coupled to a non-linear element le vendredi 16 janvier 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We study the inelastic scattering of photons that propagate through a Josephson junction (JJ) chain coupled with a superconducting circuit that forms a non-linear element. Our motivation is predicting how the inelastic processes can be detected in the current-voltage characteristics(CVC) measured in a probing JJ in series with the chain, with the help of so called environmental P(E) theory. In this work, the non-linear superconducting circuit is modeled as an oscillator with a weak anharmonicity. Our results predict a peak around eV=ℏ ω's, corresponding to oscillator's modified resonant frequency, in the CVC of the probing JJ that is characteristic of the photon-photon interaction in the system. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Quench dynamics of a strongly correlated Bose gas in a split trap le vendredi 09 janvier 2015 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We study the center of mass dynamics of an interacting one-dimensional Bose gas confined in an harmonic potential with a localized barrier at the center, after a small quench of the center of the trap. We show that the frequency of the periodic dipole mode that is established strongly depends on the interaction strength between the particles, in contrast to what happens for a purely harmonic confinement, because of the interplay of effects due to the barrier, the interaction and quantum fluctuations, that even give rise to a parity effect in the strongly correlated regime. |
MISSING (Physikalisches Institut, Freiburg) | Détails Fermer |
Multiple scattering of interacting bosons in weakly random media le vendredi 12 décembre 2014 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk, I will give an overview of our works on multiple scattering of interacting bosons in random media. Starting first with the non-interacting case, the effects of coherent backscattering and weak localization are introduced as the main interference corrections to diffusive transport in weak disorder. Then, I will extend the underlying theoretical concepts (ladder and crossed diagrams) to the case of many interacting particles (beyond the mean field approximation), and derive nonlinear transport equations which finally characterize the effect of interactions on diffusive transport and coherent backscattering. Furthermore, I will show that, by combining many-particle transport theory with quantum optical methods, our theory is also able to describe multiple scattering of intense laser light by dilute clouds of cold atoms. |
MISSING (Center for quantum technologies, Singapour) | Détails Fermer |
Coherent forward scattering peak in 1D and 2D disordered systems le vendredi 12 décembre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : As recently discovered [1], Anderson localization (AL) in a bulk disordered system triggers the emergence of a coherent forward scattering (CFS) peak in momentum space, which twins the well-known coherent backscattering (CBS) peak observed in weak localization experiments. Going beyond the perturbative regime, we address here the long-time dynamics of the CFS peak in a 1D and 2D random systems [2]. Focusing on the 2D case, we show that CFS generally arises due the confinement of the wave in a finite region of space, and explain under which conditions it can be seen as a genuine signature of AL. In the localization regime, our numerical results show that the dynamics of the CFS peak is governed by the level repulsion between localized states, with a time scale related to the Heisenberg time. This is in perfect agreement with recent findings based on the nonlinear sigma model. In the stationary regime, the width of the CFS peak in momentum space is inversely proportional to the localization length, reflecting the exponential decay of the eigenfunctions in real space, while its height is exactly twice the background, reflecting the Poisson statistical properties of the eigenfunctions. Références |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le jeudi 11 décembre 2014 à 14:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Répétition soutenance de thèse le vendredi 05 décembre 2014 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Répétion soutenance de thèse Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (Uni Bonn) | Détails Fermer |
Mean-Field Evolution of Fermionic Systems le mercredi 03 décembre 2014 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk I will discuss the dynamics of interacting fermionic systems in the mean-field regime. Compared to the bosonic case, fermionic mean-field scaling is naturally coupled with a semiclassical scaling, making the analysis more involved. From a physical point of view, as the number of particles grows one expects the quantum evolution of the system to be effectively described by Hartree-Fock theory. The next degree of approximation is provided by a classical effective dynamics, corresponding to the Vlasov equation. I will consider initial data which are close to quasi-free states, both at zero and at positive temperature, with an appropriate semiclassical structure. Under some regularity assumptions on the interaction potential I will show that the time evolution of such initial data stays close to a quasi-free state, with reduced one-particle density matrix given by the solution of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock equation. The result holds for all (semiclassical) times, and gives effective bounds on the rate of convergence towards the Hartree-Fock dynamics as the number of particles goes to infinity. Liens :MISSING |
MISSING (Freie Universität Berlin) | Détails Fermer |
Violation of the Wiedemann-Franz Law for ultracold atomic gases le vendredi 28 novembre 2014 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We study energy and particle transport for one-dimensional strongly interacting bosons through a single channel connecting two atomic reservoirs. We show the emergence of particle- and energy-current separation, leading to the violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law. As a consequence, we predict different time scales for the equilibration of temperature and particle imbalances between the reservoirs. Going beyond the linear spectrum approximation, we show the emergence of thermoelectric effects, which could be controlled by either tuning interactions or the temperature. Our results describe in a unified picture fermions in condensed matter devices and bosons in ultracold atom setups. We conclude discussing the effects of a controllable disorder. Liens :Freie Universität Berlin |
MISSING (Tel-Aviv University (chercheur invite CPTGA)) | Détails Fermer |
Kondo effect in cold gases le vendredi 28 novembre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Kondo effect (KE) is omnipresent and universal phenomenon arising in situations where a nanoobject with internal degrees of freedom interacts with a Fermi sea. Starting with brief history of evolution of KE from metals doped with magnetic impurities to complex quantum dots, we concentrate on its realizations in ultra-cold Fermi gases in optical lattices. These systems give unique possibility of achieving overscreening non-Fermi liquid regime for KE, which is highly elusive in other situations where the multichannel KE is the source of Kondo screening. Liens :MISSING |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
A numerical approach to frustration and anisotropy in 3/2 spin chains le vendredi 21 novembre 2014 à 15:30 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (Theoretical Nanophysics, Munich) | Détails Fermer |
Vortex and Meissner phases of strongly-interacting bosons on a two-leg ladder le vendredi 21 novembre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk I will present the phase diagram of the strongly-interacting Bose-Hubbard model defined on a two-leg ladder geometry in the presence of a homogeneous flux. Our work was motivated by a recent experiment [1], which studied the same system, in the complementary regime of weak interactions.
Based on extensive density matrix renormalization group simulations and a bosonization analysis, we have fully explored the parameter space spanned by filling, inter-leg tunneling, and flux.
As a main result, we demonstrate the existence of gapless and gapped Meissner and vortex phases, with the gapped states emerging in Mott-insulating regimes. We calculate experimentally accessible observables such as chiral currents and vortex patterns and study their dependence on model parameters. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Spin-orbit coupling and strong interactions in the quantum Hall regime le jeudi 20 novembre 2014 à 14:00 |
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MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Quantum dynamics of strongly correlated low-dimensional systems le mercredi 19 novembre 2014 à 13:30 |
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Résumé : The recent impressive experimental progress in the field of quantum simulation paved the way to address the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of many-body systems with an unprecedented degree of control and tunability. Particularly suitable candidates in this respect are cold atoms in optical lattices and arrays of coupled QED cavities. I will provide an excerpt of my recent theoretical results on the non-equilibrium quantum physics and quantum transport, in both closed and dissipative systems. I will put emphasis on the short- and the long-time dynamics after a sudden quench, emphasizing how strong local correlations between quantum objects are able to non-perturbatively drive the system's behavior. Moreover, I will highlight how the presence of dissipation, naturally driving the system under non-equilibrium conditions, may drastically change the scenario. Liens :MISSINGhttp://cmi.sns.it/ |
MISSING (Perimeter Institute) | Détails Fermer |
Entanglement and dynamics in topological phases and interacting disordered systems le vendredi 14 novembre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk I will present an overview of two exciting, and rather different, recent applications of entanglement in the study of quantum many-body systems, inspired by the formalism of "tensor networks" and their potential use in quantum computing. I will show that entanglement provides a way to understand the topologically-ordered phases of matter with exotic anyon excitations, such as those arising in the context of the fractional quantum Hall effect. Here entanglement acts as a link between conformal field theory, solvable models, and the "matrix-product state" formalism that enables efficient computational studies of these systems. In the second example, I will illustrate the role of entanglement in understanding the properties of "many-body localized" phases that have attracted some attention recently as a novel class of ergodicity-breaking phases that fail to thermalize. It will be shown how entanglement helps us understand the emergent local integrals of motion which characterize the many-body localized phases and strongly constrain their non-equilibrium dynamics, perhaps leading to possible applications as platforms for "quantum memories". Liens :MISSINGPerimeter Institute |
MISSING (LPS Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Electronic transport through magnetic and Josephson junctions coupled to an electromagnetic environment le jeudi 13 novembre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The electronic transport trough a tunnel junction (normal, magnetic or
superconducting) is affected by its electromagnetic environment. The hallmark of
such an interaction is the Dynamical Coulomb Blockade (DCB), a quantum
phenomenon associated with the activation of a Coulomb gap at finite voltage due
to inelastic tunneling processes assisted by the environmental degrees of
freedom [1]. On the other hand, the light emitted into the environment is a
direct witness of the electronic transport, offering an alternative way to
access it [2]. In the first part of the talk, I will study the magnetization
dynamics in ferromagnet|insulator|ferromagnet and
ferromagnet|insulator|normal metal ultra-small tunnel junctions, and
the associated voltage drop in the presence of an electromagnetic environment
assisting the tunneling processes. We find that voltages comparable to the
driving frequency ω can be reached even for small magnetization
precession cone angles θ, in stark contrast to the case where the
environment is absent [3,4]. We stress some possible applications of such an effect, such as the detection of local magnetization precessions in textured
ferromagnets. In the second part, we investigate the properties of the light
emitted by a voltage-biased Josephson junction coupled to a specific
electromagnetic environment [2,5,6]. We show that depending on the particular
implementations [2,6], the resulting photons emitted by the junction can show
pronounced non-classical behavior that is quantified by the second-order
photonic correlation function g2(Ï„). We calculate explicitly the
g2(Ï„) function in different limits, and point out that our theoretical
results are in very good agreement with the recent experimental work in Ref.
[6]. Finally, we discuss some further theoretical and experimental extension of
our work such as the production and detection of photonic squeezed states and
photonic entanglement.
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MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Répétition soutenance de thèse le vendredi 07 novembre 2014 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : répétition soutenance de thèse Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (TU Delft) | Détails Fermer |
Renyi entropy flows from quantum heat engines le vendredi 07 novembre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We evaluate Renyi entropy flows from generic quantum heat engines (QHE) to a weakly-coupled probe environment kept in thermal equilibrium. We show the flows are determined by two quantities: heat flow and fictitious dissipation that manifest the quantum coherence in the engine. This pertains also the common Shanon entropy flow. The results appeal for revision of the concept of entropy flows in quantum non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Liens :MISSING |
MISSING (ETH Zurich) | Détails Fermer |
Particle and heat transport in cold gases le vendredi 31 octobre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The last few years have seen a growing experimental and theoretical activity aiming at extending the simulation potential of cold atoms to transport properties. In this presentation, I will show how one can benefit from the high tunability of cold atom setups to engineer optimal transport properties. In this framework, I will discuss the proposal and experimental realization of the investigation of thermoelectric effects with ultracold atoms, and the possibility to use well designed transport properties to cool Fermi gases deep into the degeneracy regime. Liens :MISSING |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Effect of collisions on Anderson localization le vendredi 24 octobre 2014 à 14:00 |
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MISSING (Uni Cologne) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum criticality of the topological Anderson insulator le vendredi 24 octobre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In the presence of even weak amounts of disorder, low dimensional topological band insulators turn into topological Anderson insulators (tAI). Translational invariance being absent, the tAI must be described by concepts different from the clean limit band structures classification schemes. In this talk we argue that much of the universal physics of the tAI is contained in the system size dependent flow of two parameters, the first of which is an average transport coefficient (at any finite size, the tAI is a conductor), and the second the mean value of a now statistically distributed topological index. These two parameters exhibit flow similar to that of the Pruisken-Khmelnitskii flow diagram of the quantum Hall insulator. Specifically, the flow describes describes quantum criticality at topological phase transitions, the approach towards an insulating configuration away from criticality, and, along with it, the emergenece of a self averaging integer index. For some symmetry classes, that flow can be established in closed analytic form. However, we argue that the overall picture is of more general validity and provides a unified framework to describe both the bulk and the surface physics of the topological Anderson insulator. Liens :MISSING |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Giant mesoscopic fluctuations of the elastic cotunneling thermopower of a single-electron transistor le vendredi 17 octobre 2014 à 15:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (SISSA) | Détails Fermer |
The (extended) Hubbard model on the triangular lattice: how correlation and frustration lead to competing spin-liquid, magnetic-order and charge-order phases le vendredi 17 octobre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In the first part of the talk, we study the competition between magnetic and
spin-liquid phases in the Hubbard model on the anisotropic triangular lattice,
which is described by two hopping parameters in different spatial directions,
and is relevant for layered organic charge-transfer salts and for the inorganic
compounds Cs2CuBr4 and Cs2CuCl4.[1,2] By using variational wave functions which
include both Jastrow and backflow terms, we provide solid evidence that two
spin-liquid phases are stabilized in the strongly correlated regime, while
states with spiral magnetic order and a non trivial pitch vector are found close
to the isotropic point. Two different kinds of collinear orders are found in a
wide region of the phase diagram close, respectively, to the limits of square
lattice and decoupled one-dimensional chains. We also introduce another family
of organic charge-transfer salts where a fully anisotropic triangular-lattice
description produces importantly different results, including a significant
lowering of the critical U of the spin-liquid phase.[3]
Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 10 octobre 2014 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Uni Graz) Annulé | Détails Fermer |
Organic Semiconductors Explored With Ab-initio Electronic Structure Methods le vendredi 10 octobre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Annulé
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MISSING (Lausanne) | Détails Fermer |
Path integral Monte Carlo methods for fermions le vendredi 03 octobre 2014 à 15:00 |
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Résumé : In general, Quantum Monte Carlo methods suffer from a sign problem when simulating fermionic systems. This causes the efficiency of a simulation to decrease exponentially with the number of particles and inverse temperature. To circumvent this issue, a nodal constraint is often implemented, restricting the Monte-Carlo procedure from sampling paths that cause the many-body density matrix to change sign. Unfortunately, this high-dimensional nodal surface is not a priori known unless the system is exactly solvable, resulting in uncontrolled errors. We will discuss two possible routes to extend the applicability of finite-temperature path integral Monte Carlo. First we extend the regime where signful simulations are possible through a novel permutation sampling scheme. Afterwards, we discuss a method to variationally improve the nodal surface by minimizing a free energy during simulation. Applications of these methods will include both free and interacting electron gases, concluding with discussion concerning extension to inhomogeneous systems. Liens :Lausanne |
MISSING (TU Dresden) | Détails Fermer |
Interacting topological insulators le vendredi 03 octobre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The non-interacting topological insulators (TIs) have attracted great interest in the last decade. While this class of materials is today well-understood, the effect of electron-eletron interactions in such systems remains in general elusive. In this talk, I will address and discuss two different aspects of interactions in 2D topological band structures: (i) in some cases, strongly interacting TI models can be used to describe the exotic magnetic properties of certain transition metal oxides. (ii) in other cases, strong interactions can drive a TI into spin-liquid phases. Liens :MISSINGTU Dresden |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Variational Monte Carlo study of the electronic structure of hydrogen at ultra-high pressure with the shadow wave function le vendredi 26 septembre 2014 à 15:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (ENS Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
The Feshbach Insulator: a New State of Quantum Matter le vendredi 26 septembre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Feshbach resonances - namely resonances between an unbound two-body state (atomic state) and a bound (molecular) state - are a unique tool to tune the interaction properties of ultracold atoms. In this talk, I will show that the coherent coupling of the atomic and molecular state, can lead to a novel insulating phase - the Feshbach insulator - for bosons in an optical lattice close to a narrow Feshbach resonance. This new state of quantum matter appears around the resonance, preventing the system from collapsing when the effective atomic scattering length becomes negative. Surprisingly enough, the transition from condensate to Feshbach insulator has a characteristic first-order nature, due to the simultaneous loss of coherence in the atomic and molecular components. Our realistic study shows that these features appear clearly in the ground-state phase diagram of e.g. rubidium 87 around the 414 G resonance, and they are therefore directly amenable to experimental observation. |
MISSING (Institut Non Lineaire de Nice) | Détails Fermer |
Gap labelling in quasicrystals: from microwaves to ultracold atoms le vendredi 19 septembre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quasicrystals can be modelled with a collection of polygons (tiles) that
cover the whole plane, so that
each pattern (a sub-collection of tiles) appears up to translation with
a positive frequency, but the tiling is not periodic. The frequency of
presence of each pattern determines the spectrum of the system, and this
is the subject of the gap labelling theory [1].
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MISSING (La Sapienza - Roma) | Détails Fermer |
Structural and dielectric effects on the optical properties of biological chromophores le vendredi 12 septembre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk I will show some applications of the Time Dependent Density Functional Theory and Many Body Perturbation Theory (GW/BSE) on molecular systems of technological and biological interest (natural dyes, retinal chromophore, Peridinin carotenoid), focusing on the effects of intrinsic structural fluctuations and environment (solvent, protein) on their optical properties. I will illustrate how these effects dramatically affect the absorption spectra of these systems, and how they can be reasonably taken into account in TDDFT and MBPT framework via multi-scale techniques or hybrid quantum-classical approximations using quantum Monte Carlo(QMC) method for the structural properties and the Bethe Salpeter equation to simulate the excitations of these molecules in their "natural†environment. Liens :MISSINGLa Sapienza - Roma |
MISSING (Groupe Signal et Image, IMS Bordeaux) | Détails Fermer |
A prioris riemanniens et classification des populations gaussiennes univariées le vendredi 05 septembre 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Dans les années 40, C.R. Rao a réalisé que la matrice d'information de Fisher, connue en statistique paramétrique, se transformait comme une métrique riemannienne. Cette réalisation a permis l'application de la géométrie riemannienne en statistique paramétrique, et peut être considérée comme le point de départ de la géométrie de l'information.
L'exposé présente une nouvelle approche de la classification bayésienne des populations gaussiennes univariées, qui s'appuie sur la géométrie riemannienne
de Rao. Il est basé sur un article récemment publié, par S. Said, L. Bombrun et Y. Berthoumieu [1].
Dans une première partie, la définition de la métrique riemannienne de Rao est rappelée. Un résultat classique montre que le modèle gaussien univarié, muni de cette métrique, s'apparente au demi-plan de Poincaré, (espace hyperbolique de dimension 2). On introduit ensuite une nouvelle classe de distributions de probabilité sur le
demi-plan de Poincaré, qu'on appelle a prioris riemanniens, et on montre comment les paramètres de ces distributions peuvent être estimés.
La partie finale de l'exposé présente en détail l'application des deux premières parties au problème de la classification des populations gaussiennes univariées.
Dans la limite où les populations en question sont grandes, l'approximation de Laplace permet de se ramener au problème d'estimation de paramètres, présenté dans la deuxième partie de l'exposé. |
MISSING (Politecnico Milan) | Détails Fermer |
Ultra-fast carriers dynamics in semi-conductors: a first-principles many-body approach le vendredi 04 juillet 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A first-principles implementation of the Kadanoff-Baym Equation (KBE)
for extended systems is presented. The KBE describes both the carriers
dynamics and the polarization dynamics by means of the
out-of-equilibrium Green’s function [1]. When the polarizarion is
considered, the inclusion of the static self-energy and the changes in
the time-dependent Hartree potentials
give, in the linear regime limit, the time dependent extension of the
well-known Bethe-Salpeter equation [2]. These effects also ensures a
correct coupling between the electronic system and the laser pulse,
that is between the field intensity and the number of electrons
injected in the conduction band. The terms describing the dynamical
correlation instead, also known as scattering terms, are the key
players in the relaxation process. In our approach they are included
within the out of equilibium extensions of the GW, for the
electron-electron interaction, and FAN, for the electron-phonon
interaction self-energy [3].
In particular we describe how equilibrium is restored in bulk Silicon,
when carriers are injected in the conduction band by an ultra-short
laser pulse. The excited electrons and holes relax towards two Fermi
distributions, within about one hundred femtoseconds. While the two
Fermi distributions are created the energy gained by the electronic
system is dissipated to the lattice. The whole process is completed on
the pico-seconds time-scale. The correct balance between the
electronic and the phononic scattering processes is obtained thanks to
a double grid sampling of the Brillouin zone. The results of the
simulations are also compared with recent pump-probe measurments with
femtosecond laser pulses [4–7]
Liens :MISSINGPolitecnico Milan |
MISSING (MPI Dresden) | Détails Fermer |
Density Matrix Renormalization Group: Probing the Topology of Quantum States le vendredi 27 juin 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Matter occurs in various phases with different properties. Usually these phases are characterized in terms of symmetry breaking. A major discovery in the 1980s was the quantum Hall effect which forms a new kind of “topological†order. This order represents exotic phases with unusual properties and cannot be understood in terms of symmetry breaking. Since then, a growing number of instances of topological phases has accumulated, and important applications – not least topological quantum computers – have been proposed, but a characterization and classification of these new phenomena has been slow to emerge. In parallel, DMRG has arrived as a powerful numerical method with ex- tensions to two dimensional systems and time-dependent phenomena. I will show how to use DMRG to develop new frameworks that help to understand topologically ordered systems. For example, it is now possible to extract characterizing properties of the anyonic excitations di- rectly from the ground state of fractional quantum Hall systems. This approach further makes contact with “measurable†quantities (Hall viscosity) and field theories (central charge at critical points). Other remarkable examples are symmetry protected topological phases in one-dimensional systems for which DMRG provides a complete characterization. Liens :MISSINGMPI Dresden |
MISSING (Los Alamos National Lab) | Détails Fermer |
"LDA et DMFT Approach to Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of Strong Magnets" le vendredi 20 juin 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The new challenges posed by the need of finding strong rare-earth free magnets demand methods that can predict magnetization and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE). In this talk, I will review the general status of electronic structure approaches to this problem. I will then argue that correlated electron effects, which are normally underestimated in band structure calculations, play a crucial role in the development of the orbitalcomponent of the magnetic moments. Because magnetic anisotropy arises from this orbital component, the ability to include correlation effects has profound consequences on our predictive power of the MAE of strong magnets. I will show that incorporating the local effects of electronic correlations with dynamical mean-field theory provides reliable estimates of the orbital moment, the mass enhancement and the MAE of YCo5. |
MISSING (KIT) | Détails Fermer |
Meson-antimeson mixing as a probe of new physics le vendredi 13 juin 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Mesons are bound states of a quark and an antiquark. The four neutral mesons B_d, B_s, D, and K have the unique property that they mix with their antiparticles. This means that a meson-antimeson system forms a quantum-mechanical two-state system, exhibiting the familiar oscillations between the two states. These neutral meson sytems are gold mines for the study of the CP symmetry, which links the interactions of particles to those of antiparticles. Since 1964 it is known that CP is violated and today CP asymmetries are experimentally studied with high precision. These investigations might reveal new laws of nature well ahead of collider experiments which aim at the production of new particles in high-energy collisions. |
MISSING (LPTMC and LPS) | Détails Fermer |
Susceptibilité magnétique orbitale du graphène et de cristaux à bandes couplées le vendredi 06 juin 2014 à 11:00 |
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Liens :MISSING |
MISSING (Tulane University) | Détails Fermer |
The Electronic Structure of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Clusters le vendredi 23 mai 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The development of solar cells is driven by the need for clean and sustainable
energy. Organic and dye sensitized cells (DSC) are considered as promising
alternatives for traditional single crystal silicon cells, particularly for
large area, low cost applications. However, the efficiency of such cells is
still far from the theoretical limit.
Liens :MISSINGTulane University |
MISSING (Universite de Liege) | Détails Fermer |
Interplay between lattice, spin, orbital and charge orders in bulk and layered ABO3 perovskites le vendredi 16 mai 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Ferroelectricity in ABO3 perovskites and related compounds has been a topic of intensive research for more than 60 years. Recently, the coupling of the ferroelectric mode with other structural distortions has attracted an increasing interest since it offers promising and still widely unexplored possibilities to couple ferroelectricity with other functional properties and even to produce unusual phenomena. In this context, the trilinear coupling between ferroelectric and oxygen rotational modes in naturally-occuring and artificial layered perovskites emerged as a practical way to produce unusual dielectric properties or to achieve enhanced magneto-electric coupling. Focusing on titanate and vanadate systems, we will discuss here how even more exciting new phenomena can appear when additional orbital and charge orders enter into play! Liens :MISSINGUniversite de Liege |
MISSING (KIT) | Détails Fermer |
Emergent Criticality and Friedan Scaling in a 2D Frustrated Heisenberg Antiferromagnet le vendredi 25 avril 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In most systems that exhibit order at low temperatures, the order occurs in the elementary degrees of freedom such as spin or charge. Prominent examples are magnetic or superconducting states of matter. In contrast, emergent order describes the phenomenon where composite objects exhibit longer range correlations. Such emergent order has been suspected to occur in a range of correlated materials. One specific example are spin systems with competing interactions, where long-range discrete order in the relative orientation of spins may occur. Interestingly, this order parameter may induce other phase transitions as is the case for the nematic transition in the iron pnictides. In this talk, we introduce and discuss a system with emergent Z6 symmetry, a two-dimensional frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the windmill lattice consisting of interpenetrating honeycomb and triangular lattices [1,2]. The multiple spin stiffnesses can be captured in terms of a four-dimensional metric tensor, and the renormalization group flow of the stiffnesses is described by the Ricci flow of the metric tensor. The key result is a decoupling of an emergent collective degree of freedom given by the relative phase of spins on different sublattices. In particular, our results reveal a sequence of two Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transitions that bracket a critical phase.
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MISSING (IPhT) | Détails Fermer |
Pseudogap state from quantum criticality le vendredi 18 avril 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Upon application of an external tuning parameter, a magnetic state can be driven to a normal metal state at zero temperature. This phenomenon is known as quantum criticality and leads to fascinating responses in thermodynamics and transport of the compound. In the standard picture, a single quantum critical point occurs at zero temperature, which results in a nontrivial critical behaviour in its vicinity. Here we show that in two dimensions the scenario is considerably more complex due to the enormous amount of quantum fluctuations. Instead of the single point separating the antiferromagnet from the normal metal, we have discovered a broad region between these two phases where the magnetic order is destroyed but certain areas of the Fermi surface are closed by a large gap. This gap reflects the formation of a novel quantum state characterised by a superposition of d-wave superconductivity and a quadrupole-density wave, id est a state in which an electron quadrupole density spatially oscillates with a period drastically different from the one of the original spin-density wave. At moderate temperatures both orders co-exist at short distances but thermal fluctuations destroy the long-range order. Below a critical temperature the fluctuations are less essential and superconductivity becomes stable. This new phenomenon may shed some light on the origin of the mysterious pseudogap state and of the high-temperature transition into the superconducting state in cuprates. Our results demonstrate that quantum phase transitions between antiferromagnets and normal metals in layered materials may be the proper playground for search of new high temperature superconductors. |
MISSING (ETHZ) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Annealing and the D-Wave devices le vendredi 11 avril 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum annealing - a finite temperature version of the quantum adiabatic algorithm - combines the classical technology of slow thermal cooling with quantum mechanical tunneling, to try bring a physical system towards its ground state. The Canadian company D-Wave systems has recently built and sold programmable devices that are designed to use this effect to find solutions to hard optimization problems. I will present results of experiments designed to shed light on crucial questions about these controversial devices: are these devices quantum or classical? Are they faster than classical devices? What is their potential? |
MISSING (NQS - Politecnico di Torino) | Détails Fermer |
Tunnel junction of helical edge states: Determining and controlling spin-preserving and spin-flipping tunnel processes le vendredi 04 avril 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Helical edge states are the electronic conducting states emerging at the
boundaries of a 2D topological insulator, which are currently under the
spotlight due to their peculiar properties. These channels are characterized by
a tight connection between the electron group velocity and the spin orientation,
and exhibit a perfect transmission, as recently observed in CdTe/HgTe and
InAs/GaSb quantum wells. When a constriction is realized in the 2D quantum
well, electron tunneling between helical edge states occurs via two types of
channels allowed by time-reversal symmetry, namely spin-preserving (p) and
spin-flipping (f) tunneling processes. Determining and controlling the effects
of these two channels is crucial to the application of helical edge states in
spintronics. We show that, despite the Hamiltonian terms describing these two
processes do not commute, the scattering matrix entries of the related
4-terminal setup always factorize into products of p-terms and f-terms
contributions. Such factorization provides an operative way to determine the
transmission coefficient Tp and Tf related to each of the two processes, via
transconductance measurements.
Furthermore, these transmission coefficients are also found to be controlled
independently by a suitable combination of two side gate voltages applied
across the junction. This result holds for an arbitrary profile of the tunneling
amplitudes, including disorder in the tunnel region, enabling us to discuss the
effect of the finite length of the tunnel junction, and the space modulation of
both magnitude and phase of the tunneling amplitudes.
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MISSING (IPhT) | Détails Fermer |
Numerics for an XXZ spin chain out of equilibrium - revisiting Antal's quench le vendredi 28 mars 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We investigate the dynamics of a critical XXZ spin-1/2 chain prepared in an inhomogeneous initial state with different magnetizations on the left and right halves. We simulate the real-time evolution using the time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) method. We follow the front propagation by measuring the magnetization and entanglement entropy profiles, and we focus on the situation where the initial state is not fully polarized. At long times, as in the free fermion case (T. Antal et al. 1999), a large central region develops where correlations become time-independent and translation invariant. The shape and speed of the fronts is studied numerically and we evaluate the stationary current as a function of initial magnetic field and as a function of the anisotropy Delta. We compare the results with the conductance of a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, and with the exact free-fermion solution at Delta=0. We also investigate the two-point correlations in the stationary region and find a good agreement with the "twisted" form obtained by J. Lancaster and A. Mitra (2010) using bosonization. Some deviations are nevertheless observed for strong currents. |
MISSING (Sabanci University) | Détails Fermer |
Majorana fermions from disorder le vendredi 21 mars 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk I will focus on inducing topological state from regular, or irregular scattering in (i) p-wave superconducting and (ii) proximity coupled Rashba wires. In particular, I will discuss how, while being detrimental to the topological order in p-wave wires, the disorder can {it induce} topological state in Rashba wires contrary to common expectations. The total phase space area of the topological state is conserved for long disordered wires, and can even be increased in an appropriately engineered superlattice potential. I will also discuss how, in finite wires, the Majorana state oscillates as a function of chemical potential and magnetic field. I will conclude with a discussion of recent experiments, which was conducted on dirty Rashba wires, in the light of these new results. Liens :MISSINGSabanci University |
MISSING (ICG Montpellier) | Détails Fermer |
Lattice density functional theory : Numerical correlation-energy functional for the generalized Hubbard model le vendredi 14 mars 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We present an accurate method to determine ground-state properties of strongly-correlated electrons decribed by lattice-model Hamiltonians. In lattice density-functional theory (LDFT) the basic variable is the one-particle density matrix $gamma$. From the HK theorem, the ground state Energy $E_{gs}[gamma_{gs}] = min_{gamma} E[gamma]$ is obtained by minimizing the energy over all the representable $gamma$. The energy functional can be divided into two contributions: the kinetic-energy functional, which linear dependence on $gamma$ is axactly known, and the correlation-energy functional $W[gamma]$, which approximation constitutes the actual challenge. Within the framework of LDFT, we develope a numerical approach to $W[gamma]$, which involves the exact diagonalisation of an effective many-body Hamiltonian of a cluster surrounded by an effective field. This effective Hamiltonian depends on the density matrix $gamma$. In this talk we discuss the formulation of the method and its application to the Hubbard and single-impurity Anderson models in one and two dimensions. The accuracy of the method is deponstrated by comparison with the Bethe-Ansatz solution (1D), density-matrix renormalization group calculations (1D), and quantum Monte Carlo simulations (2D). Liens :MISSING |
MISSING (KIT) | Détails Fermer |
Tunneling spectroscopy near Anderson transitions with Coulomb interaction le vendredi 07 mars 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We study [1,2] the tunneling density of states (TDOS) of a disordered electronic
system with Coulomb interaction on both the metallic and insulating sides of an
Anderson-localization metal-insulator transition (MIT). We discuss how the
zero-bias anomaly on the metal side transforms into the Coulomb-gap suppression
of the TDOS in the localized phase of the MIT. For tunneling into the insulating
phase, the average TDOS shows a critical behavior at high energies, with a
crossover to a soft Coulomb gap Δ at low energies. We demonstrate that the
single-particle excitations experience a localization transition (which belongs
to the noninteracting universality class) at an energy E=±Ec. The mobility edge
Ec scales with the distance μc−μ from the interacting critical point according
to Ecâˆ(μc-μ)nu z, where nu and z are the interacting localization-length and the
dynamical critical exponents. Our theoretical expectations and the "phase
diagram" of the Anderson MIT in the presence of Coulomb interaction are in an
overall agreement with recent experimental results [3] for the average TDOS in a
device with a tunable doping level across the MIT.
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MISSING (FU-Berlin) | Détails Fermer |
The quantum RC-circuit: universal and giant charge dissipation in strongly correlated regimes le vendredi 14 février 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The quantum coherence effects between electrons in nanodevices lead to a rich variety of phenomena in quantum transport. One of these is the violation of Kirchhoff's laws in the quantum RC-circuit. In this system, a metallic lead exchanges electrons coherently with a quantum dot driven dynamically by a top metallic gate. In the non interacting case, the charge relaxation resistance of the system differs from the usual dc-transport resistance given by the Landauer formula. The charge relaxation resistance is universally fixed to h/(2e2) for a single mode conductor, regardless of the transmission of the mode. I will show that the Fermi liquid behavior of these systems at low energy explains this universality even in the presence of strong interactions in the dot. Moreover, I will discuss the emergence of a giant dissipation regime associated to the breaking of the Kondo singlet for Zeeman energies of the order of the Kondo temperature. I will provide a comprehensive analytical description of the peak of the charge relaxation resistance associated to this giant dissipation and demonstrate its persistence out of the Kondo regime. Liens :FU-Berlin |
MISSING (KTH) | Détails Fermer |
Local exclusion and energy bounds for intermediate and fractional statistics le vendredi 07 février 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In one and two spatial dimensions there is a logical possibility for identical quantum particles different from bosons and fermions, obeying intermediate or fractional (anyon) statistics. I will consider applications of recent bounds for the energy of a many-particle wave function in terms of its density, so called Lieb-Thirring inequalities, to models of anyons in two dimensions, as well as to models in one dimension of Lieb-Liniger and Calogero-Sutherland type. These bounds follow from a local form of the exclusion principle valid for such generalized exchange statistics modeled by interactions. This is joint work with Jan Philip Solovej. |
MISSING (Sapienza University) | Détails Fermer |
Intrinsic charge instability in oxide heterostructures with Rashba spinorbit coupling le mercredi 05 février 2014 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : A phenomenological analysis of resistance and diamagnetic response in the
LaAlO3/SrTiO3 or LaTiO3/SrTiO3 (LXO/STO) heterostructures suggests the
occurrence of a low-dimensional (e.g., filamentary or fractal) structure of the
superconducting cluster with small long-distance connectivity embedded in the
two-dimensional system [1,2]. To explain the systematic occurrence of such
mesoscopically disordered regions, we model the electron gas at the interface of
oxide heterostructures considering a twodimensional electron gas in the presence
of a sizable Rashba spin-orbit coupling (RSOC). Under simple general
assumptions, we show that an electronic phase separation occurs for realistic
values of the RSOC and of the band parameters [3,4]. This could provide an
intrinsic mechanism for the recently observed inhomogenous phases at the LAO/STO
or LTO/STO interfaces and opens the way to new interpretations of the quantum
critical behaviour of LTO/STO [5]. We investigate the effects of temperature and
magnetic field on the charge instability finding a novel type of quantum
critical point related to the vanishing of the critical temperature of the
electronic phase separation [4].
Liens :MISSINGSapienza University |
MISSING (Max Planck Institute - Stuttgart) | Détails Fermer |
Spin-orbit entanglement in Mott insulating oxides: Unusual interactions and possible exotic phases le vendredi 24 janvier 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Over the last few years, there has been an upsurge of interest in materials
in which exotic states may emerge as the result of relativistic spin-orbit
interactions. We will discuss insulating iridium oxides from this perspective.
We show that the strong spin-orbit coupling, through the entanglement of spin
and orbital spaces, leads to a variety of interesting Hamiltonians ranging
from the Heisenberg model to the Kitaev or quantum compass models,
for different lattice geometries [1]. Based on these effective
Hamiltonians, we present a comprehensive theoretical study [3,4] of the rich
phase behavior and dynamics observed in layered iridium oxides such as
tetragonal Sr2IrO4 and Sr3Ir2O7 and hexagonal A2IrO3 (A=Na, Li).
We suggest that the hexagonal iridates might be close to the
Kitaev spin-liquid state. We also discuss the layered tetragonal vanadate
Sr2VO4 and argue that magnetically-hidden octupolar order, driven
by spin-orbit coupling, is realized in this compound [2].
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MISSING (LIPHY) | Détails Fermer |
Living fluids: blood flow and microswimmers le vendredi 17 janvier 2014 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk I will focus on passive and active motion in blood suspension and other suspensions. I will first discuss how to model blood flow from microscopic considerations (i.e. by taking blood element explicitly into account, e.g. red blood cells). I will show some dynamics of individual red blood cells, and then present collective dynamics and some intringuing rheological behaviors in microcirculation. I will then discuss some issues related to the so-called ameboid swimming. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, algae, or spermatozoa, are able to propel themselves forward thanks to flagella or cilia activity. By contrast, other organisms employ pronounced changes of the membrane shape to achieve propulsion, a prototypical example being the Eutreptiella gymnastica. Cells of the immune system as well as dictyostelium amoebas, traditionally believed to crawl on a substratum, can also swim in a similar way. A model will be presented and it will be shown that fast propulsion can be achieved with adequate shape adaptations. The autopropulsion distance over one cycle is a universal linear function of a simple geometrical dimensionless quantity A/V^(2/3) (V and A are the cell volume and its membrane area). This study captures the peculiar motion of Eutreptiella gymnastica with simple force distribution. |
MISSING (Institut de Physique de Rennes) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le vendredi 20 décembre 2013 à 11:00 |
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MISSING (LPTMS) | Détails Fermer |
Maximal height of N non-intersecting Brownian excursions: from Yang-Mills theory to interfaces in disordered media le vendredi 13 décembre 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Non-intersecting random walkers (or 'vicious walkers') have been studied in various physical situations, ranging from polymer physics to wetting and melting transitions and more recently in connection with random matrix theory or stochastic growth processes in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. In this talk, I will present a method based on path integrals associated to free Fermions models to study such statistical systems. I will use this method to calculate exactly the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the maximal height of N non-intersecting Brownian excursions. I will show that this CDF is identical to the partition function of 2d Yang Mills (YM) theory on a sphere with the gauge group Sp(2N). I will show that, in the large N limit, the CDF exhibits a third order phase transition, akin to the Douglas-Kazakov transition found in 2d YM. I will also show that the critical behavior, close to the transition point, is described by the Tracy-Widom distribution for $eta = 1$, which describes the fluctuations of the largest eigenvalue of Random Matrices belonging to the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble. |
MISSING (Landau Institute / Chercheur invite CPTG) | Détails Fermer |
Electronic transport as a tool to investigate the microscopic structure of a density-wave state le lundi 09 décembre 2013 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : The electronic transport is very sensitive to the microscopic structure of the density-wave state and may serve as a powerful tool for its investigation. In my talk I present several examples of how electronic transport reveals the microscopic structure of the DW state. In some cases the theory of these effects is evident; sometimes they are less trivial, being a long-standing puzzle. After a brief review I will talk about two recent examples of an unusual influence of a density wave on the electronic transport: (i) Spontaneous breaking of isotropy observed in the in-plane conductivity of rare-earth tritellurides, and (ii) the phase inversion of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations after passing a transition to a density-wave state observed in organic metals. |
MISSING (Institut Neel) | Détails Fermer |
Locally self-similar phase diagram of a disordered Potts model on a hierarchical lattice le vendredi 06 décembre 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The Potts model with bond disorder is studied in the limit of a infinite number of states on a hierarchical lattice. This model is "academical" since neither the hierarchical lattice nor the infinite number of states are really physical. However the final result, ie the phase diagram of the model obtained by renormalization, is unusual and can justify this study. Liens :MISSINGInstitut Neel |
MISSING (LPS Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Majorana and Andreev bound states in topological wires in the proximity of superconductors le vendredi 29 novembre 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We study one-dimensional topological SN and SNS long junctions obtained by placing a topological insulating nanowire in the proximity of either one or two SC finite-size leads. Using the Majorana Polarization order parameter we find that for a finite-size SN junction the ABS spectrum exhibits a zero-energy extended state which carries a full Majorana fermion, while the ABS of long SNS junctions with a phase difference of pi transform into two zero-energy states carrying two Majorana fermions with the same MP. We also study the effects of finite SC penetration depths in such junctions, as well as the effects of uniform phase gradients. Last but not least we analyze a more realistic model for the coupling between a superconducting substrate and a topological wire, the resulting proximity effect, and the role played by the Andreev bound states in the topological wire in such a setup. Liens :MISSING et www.lps.u-psud.fr |
MISSING (Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann) | Détails Fermer |
Localized waves in granular crystals le vendredi 22 novembre 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Granular crystals consist of a collection of masses (typically steel beads) arranged on a regular lattice and interacting nonlinearly by contact. These systems display different types of nonlinear wave phenomena, such as the formation of localized waves (solitary waves or breathers) after an impact. The wave dynamics is strongly influenced by lattice properties (type of discrete elements, existence of confining potentials, precompression), which opens interesting possibilities to control stress waves. Granular crystals can be modeled by different types of lattice differential equations depending on their structural properties. In particular, one-dimensional granular chains can lead to the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) model with Hertzian potential, mixed FPU-Klein-Gordon lattices or the discrete p-Schrödinger equation, a new asymptotic model obtained when confining potentials are present. We will illustrate the rich properties of localized waves in these models through numerical simulations and analytical results. |
MISSING (JKU - Linz) | Détails Fermer |
On the Growth and Phase Transitions of Self-Assembled Quantum Dots -- Theoretical Studies le vendredi 15 novembre 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The talk discusses first some earlier analytic approaches on the growth and phase transitions of self-assembled quantum dots formed on semiconductor surfaces. Furthermore, current related research activity will be presented regarding a remarkable bulk morphological transition taking place in a layered prototype system. Our related Monte Carlo and Cahn-Hilliard simulations reproduced all the experimentally observed morphological phases including the growth of pinholes, the formation of a percolation network and its breaking up into isolated quantum-dots. The simulated dot sizes were in a quantitative agreement with the experimental values. The robustness of the results, i. e. the insensitivity to temperature and to the details of atomic exchange mechanisms and binding interaction types undoubtedly demonstrates the topological nature of this nanocapillarity forces driven transition. Liens :MISSINGJKU - Linz |
MISSING (Laboratoire Charles Fabry) | Détails Fermer |
Universal superfluid transition and transport properties of two-dimensional dirty bosons le vendredi 08 novembre 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The interplay of disorder and interactions has been at the center of intense theoretical and experimental activity the past decades. It sustains rich phase diagrams, relevant to a wide range of condensed-matter systems. Recent evelopments with ultracold atoms spark a renewed interest and open new challenging issues. For instance, in interacting systems on the continuum, the intervening phases are largely debated and still in a conjectural stage. In this talk I will discuss the phase diagram of disordered and interacting ultracold atoms in two dimensions, that we have obtained thanks to accurate, large-scale Quantum Monte Carlo simulations.[I] I will show that the superfuid transition is strongly protected against disorder, up to the zero-temperature Bose-glass transition. Most of its critical properties can be understood in terms of an universal BKT description with a simple scaling of the critical temperature versus the disorder strength. I will then address the strongly disordered regime at finite temperature where the possible existence of a (many-body) localized phase constitutes a challenging open question. Thanks to a taylored methodological improvement, we have gained direct access to the conducting properties. I will show that the finite-temperature insulating phase merging at large disorder strength is well described by a thermally activated behavior of the Arrhenius type. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Bose-Einstein condensation of interacting particles and the quantum de Finetti theorem le vendredi 18 octobre 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic gases twenty years ago has given a new impetus to the theoretical study of large bosonic systems. Much of our current understanding of this physics is based on the mean-field approximation, which in this context roughly amounts to assuming that all particles behave independently of one another. That this approximation is a sensible one for a great variety of large bosonic systems is a remarkable fact, and I will argue that it can be seen as following from a very special structure property of the set of bosonic states, the quantum de Finetti theorem. I shall discuss the original theorem along with recent variants and applications to interacting bosonic systems. This is joint work with Mathieu Lewin and Phan Thành Nam. |
MISSING (LMU) | Détails Fermer |
Microscopic Origin of the 0.7-Anomaly in Quantum Point Contacts le jeudi 10 octobre 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum point contacts, elementary building blocks of semiconductor-based quantum circuits, are narrow one-dimensional constrictions usually patterned in a two-dimensional electron system, e.g. by applying voltages to local gates. It is one of the paradigms of mesoscopic physics that the linear conductance of a point contact, when measured as function of its channel width, is quantized in units of GQ = 2e²/h. However, the conductance also exhibits an unexpected shoulder at ∼ 0.7 GQ, known as the "0.7-anomaly", whose origin is still subject to debate. Proposed theoretical explanations have evoked spontaneous spin polarization, ferromagnetic spin coupling, the formation of a quasi-bound state leading to the Kondo effect, Wigner crystallisation and various treatments of inelastic scattering. However, explicit calculations that fully reproduce the various experimental observations in the regime of the 0.7-anomaly, including the zero-bias peak that typically accompanies it, are still lacking. Here we offer a detailed microscopic explanation for both the 0.7-anomaly and the zero-bias peak: their common origin is a smeared van Hove singularity in the local density of states at the bottom of the lowest one-dimensional subband of the point contact, which causes an anomalous enhancement in the Hartree potential barrier, magnetic spin susceptibility and inelastic scattering rate. We present theoretical calculations and experimental results that show good qualitative agreement for the dependence of the conductance on gate voltage, magnetic field, temperature, source-drain voltage (including the zero-bias peak) and interaction strength. We also clarify how the low-energy scale governing the 0.7-anomaly depends on gate voltage and interactions. For low energies we predict and observe Fermi-liquid behaviour similar to that known for the Kondo effect in quantum dots. At high energies, however, the similarities between 0.7-anomaly and Kondo effect cease. |
MISSING (Czech Science Academy) | Détails Fermer |
Theory of complex transport in magnetic metals and alloys le vendredi 04 octobre 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk we will review a recent progress in the first-principles study of
transport properties of magnetic metals and alloys based on the Kubo-Greenwood
approach as formulated in the framework of the dirac version of the
tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital method. A possible disorder in studied
systems is described by the coherent potential approximation.
Specifically, we will study: (i) The spin-disorder resistivity (SDR) of
transition metal ferromagnets, rare-earth metals, and Ni-based Heusler alloys.
We identify the SDR at the Curie temperature with the residual resistivity of
the corresponding system evaluated in the framework of the disordered local
moment (DLM) model [1];
(ii) the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and the anomalous Hall effect (AHE)
of chosen Ni-based transition metal alloys [2] as well as ordering Pd-rich PdFe
alloys with complex lattice [3];
and the AHE in chosen half-metallic Heusler alloys with native disorder [4].
Results of theoretical calculations will be compared with available experimental
data.
Liens :MISSINGCzech Science Academy |
MISSING (LIG) | Détails Fermer |
Discrete-time, discrete-space quantum theory le vendredi 27 septembre 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Physics usually formulates its laws in the language of Partial Differential Equations. But in order to solve these equations PDEs numerically, we usually have to discretize both time and space, thereby obtaining a discrete numerical model of the physical phenomenon that we are interested in. The broad category of computer models that are obtained in this way is called Cellular Automata. Thus, it could be said that we end up formulating physics phenomena in the language of computer programs. In this talk, we will see how much of that can be done with Quantum Physics. We will mention results about: the mathematical structure of discrete time discrete space models of quantum theory; the notion of simulation in those Quantum Cellular Automata; how to formulate some quantum physics phenomenon in the language of quantum computers programs. |
MISSING (Institut Neel) | Détails Fermer |
Nonlinear optics from ab-initio by means of the dynamical Berry-phase le vendredi 20 septembre 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We present an ab-initio real-time based computational approach to nonlinear
optical properties in Condensed Matter systems. The equation of motions, and in
particular the coupling of the electrons with the external electric field, are
derived from the Berry phase formulation of the dynamical polarization. The
zero-field Hamiltonian includes crystal local field effects, the renormalization
of the independent particle energy levels by correlation and excitonic effects
within the screened Hartree- Fock self-energy operator. The approach is
validated by calculating the second-harmonic generation of SiC and AlAs bulk
semiconductors: an excellent agreement is obtained with existing ab-initio
calculations from response theory in frequency domain. We finally show
applications to the second-harmonic generation of CdTe, MoS2, h-BN and the
third-harmonic generation of Si.
Liens :MISSINGInstitut Neel |
MISSING (KIAS) | Détails Fermer |
DFT modeling of the covalent functionalization of graphene: from ideal to realistic models le vendredi 06 septembre 2013 à 15:00 |
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Résumé : The production of multiple types of graphene, such as free standing, epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide and metals, graphene in solution, chemically grownand metals, graphene in solution, chemically grown graphene-like molecules, various graphene nanoribbons, and graphene oxide with different levels of reduction and various chemical composition, demonstrate the need for additional investigation beyond the basic principles of graphene functionalization for avoidance of occasionally contradictions between the predictions from first-principles simulations and experimental results. Herein, I report the current state of modeling of the different types of graphene using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The main focus is on the static (substrate, shape, curvature, strain and doping) and dynamic (starting point of functionalization, migration barriers and stability of configurations) aspects that provide a more correct and selective modeling of the chemisorption of various chemical species on the graphene scaffold. Based on the recent modeling of experimentally realized functionalization of different types of graphene we can conclude that the formation of uniform one- or two-sided functionalized graphene discussed in earlier studies is an exception to the typical scenarios of graphene chemistry. The presence of different substrates, defects and lattice distortions, such as ripples and strain, results in the formation of clusters or lines from the functional groups. Several configurations of the chemical species on the graphene substrate have been found to exist with ideal models but are only stable for graphene functionalized under special conditions. And finally employments of realistic models of graphenes for description of unexpected properties of graphene such as low dimensional ice formation or efficient catalysis of various reactions are also reported. |
MISSING (Georgetown University) | Détails Fermer |
Phase diagram of the frustrated spin-1/2 XY and Heisenberg models on the honeycomb lattice le vendredi 06 septembre 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk I present the phase diagram of the frustrated spin-1/2 XY and
Heisenberg models on the honeycomb lattice, obtained by using accurate
correlated wave functions and Variational Monte Carlo simulations. Upon
increasing the frustration, these models show a very rich sequence of
spin-ordered phases and a spin-liquid state is energetically favorable in a
small region of intermediate frustration.1 In my investigation, I consider an
unprecedented broad variety of spin (spiral) waves. These ordered phases are
represented by classically ordered states supplemented with a long-range Jastrow
factor, which includes relevant correlations and dramatically improves the
description provided by the purely classical solution of the models. The
construction of the spin-liquid state is based on a spin decomposition in terms
of fermions, experiencing a Gutzwiller projection and long-range Jastrow
correlations. In comparison with the classical phase diagram, the quantum
fluctuations prolong the stability of the Néel antiferromagnet and favor a
stripe order for intermediate and quite strong frustration. The spiral waves are
ground state for strong frustration and the 120th-order becomes the
lowest-energy phase for very strong frustration. I also discuss connections with
experiments on magnetically frustrated systems.
Liens :MISSINGGeorgetown University |
MISSING (Tor Vergata, Roma) | Détails Fermer |
Two-dimensional nanosheets for opto-electronic applications le vendredi 12 juillet 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Two-dimensional nanosheets for opto-electronic applications
Liens :MISSINGTor Vergata, Roma |
MISSING (MPI Stuttgart) | Détails Fermer |
Biquadratic exchange in Fe pnictides from band structure calculations le mardi 09 juillet 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Most undoped Fe arsenides, parent compounds for Fe based superconductors, undergo a transition into a collinear state with stripe-like magnetic order in which anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) Fe chains are ferromagnetically ordered along the direction perpendicular to the chains. Two such collinear magnetic structures, characterized by ordering vectors (π,0) or (0,π), are connected by infinite number of non-collinear states with two AFM sublattices of second Fe neighbors rotated by an arbitrary angle with respect to each other. In the classical Heisenberg model all these states are degenerate. Band structure calculation show, however, that the degeneracy is lifted already at the mean field LSDA level and that in Fe arsenides (π,0) and (0,π) magnetic orders are separated by an energy barrier comparable to the energy difference between Neel and stripe AFM orders. The shape of the barrier can be reproduced by adding a biquadratic term to the Heisenberg model. We discuss the microscopic origin of the barrier and show that it is related to the peculiar band structure of Fe pnictides and nesting properties of their Fermi surfaces. The results for Fe arsenides are compared to BaMn2As2 and hypothetical KFe2Se2 for which we found that a non-collinear 90-degree spin arrangement is more favorable than collinear ones. A doping dependence of the barrier is also discussed. Liens :MISSINGMPI Stuttgart |
MISSING (LPTL) | Détails Fermer |
First-passage statistics and search strategies le vendredi 28 juin 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : How long does it take a "searcher" to reach a "target" for the first time? This first-passage time is a key quantity for evaluating the kinetics of various processes, and in particular chemical reactions involving "small" numbers of particles such as gene transcription, or at larger scales the time needed for animals to find food resources. I will present recent results which enable the evaluation of the distribution of first-passage time for a wide range of random search processes evolving in a confined domain. This approach reveals a general dependence of the first-passage time distribution on the geometry of the problem, which can become a key parameter that controls the kinetics of the search process. I will show how these results apply to transport in disordered and fractal media, and highlight their implications in transcription kinetics and other search processes at larger scales. |
MISSING (IBS) | Détails Fermer |
Hybrid Potential Simulation Methods for Studying Enzyme Catalysis le vendredi 21 juin 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : An important goal of computational and theoretical biochemistry is helping elucidate how enzymes achieve their catalytic efficiency. The differing length and time scales of processes that contribute to catalysis, however, makes this a challenging task for molecular simulation techniques. An approach that has proved particularly powerful for the investigation of the chemical steps in enzymatic and other condensed phase reaction processes is the use of hybrid quantum chemical and molecular mechanical potentials. This talk will describe the types of hybrid potentials developed and implemented in the author's group and illustrate their use by a presentation of some recent applications to a variety of enzyme systems. |
MISSING (IFW) | Détails Fermer |
Frustrated magnetism and resonating valence bond physics in 2D kagome-like magnets with inequivalent loops le vendredi 14 juin 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Using a combination of exact diagonalization, analytical strong-coupling theories and resonating valence bond approaches we determine the phase diagram and the low-energy physics of three kagome-like Heisenberg antiferromagnets with inequivalent resonance loops. At weak coupling the lattices become effectively bipartite, while at strong coupling heavily frustrated nets emerge. Competing tunneling amplitudes result in the intermediate coupling regime in short-ranged spin correlations, the presence of a manyfold of low-lying singlets and the stabilization of valence bond crystal and spin-nematic phases. Liens :IFW |
MISSING (University of Texas) | Détails Fermer |
Exciton Condensates are Super! le lundi 10 juin 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Electronic systems can have a type of order in which coherence is spontaneously established between two distinct groups of electrons. So far this (particle-hole or exciton condensate) type of order has been found only in double-layer two-dimensional electron gas systems, and only in certain strong magnetic field limits. I will review some of the surprising superfluid transport effects that have already been observed in double-layer exciton condensates, and speculate on others that may be observable in the future. Liens :MISSINGUniversity of Texas |
MISSING (EHU) | Détails Fermer |
Correlated Electron-Ion Dynamics (CEID): An efficient method to model electronic (de)coherence from an atomistic point of view le vendredi 07 juin 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum coherence between electronic and nuclear dynamics, as observed
experimentally in organic semiconductors, is the object of an intense
theoretical and computational effort. To simulate this kind of quantum coherent
dynamics, an efficient numerical scheme based on Correlated Electron-Ion
Dynamics (CEID) has been recently devised [1]. In this talk, I describe a
further generalization of CEID [2] and its practical numerical implementation
[3]. To illustrate the capability of this extended CEID scheme, an atomistic
model of the electronic decoherence of a short conjugated oligomer is presented.
Finally, I discuss convergence and scaling properties of the extended CEID
scheme along with its applicability to larger systems, e.g., to investigate the
non-radiative relaxation of photo-excited conjugated polymers [4].
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MISSING (SISSA) | Détails Fermer |
Normal fluid phases of He 3 in two dimensions le vendredi 31 mai 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I will present ongoing work, based on quantum Monte Carlo simulations, on the normal fluid phase of ³He in two dimensions, both for the strictly 2D case and for more realistic models of monolayers adsorbed on different substrates. We find close agreement with the experiment for both the static spin susceptibility and the dynamic structure factor. For weak enough alkali metal substrates, we predict a gas-liquid phase transition not found for strictly 2D ³He. Liens :SISSA |
MISSING (SISSA) | Détails Fermer |
The new resonating valence bond method for ab-initio electronic simulations le vendredi 24 mai 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The Resonating Valence Bond theory of the chemical bond was introduced soon after the discovery of quantum mechanics and has contributed to explain the role of electron correlation within a particularly simple and intuitive approach, where the chemical bond between two nearby atoms is described by one or more singlet electron pairs. We revisit the Pauling's resonating valence bond theory of the chemical bond within a new formulation, introduced by P.W. Anderson soon after the discovery of High Tc superconductivity. It is shown that this intuitive picture of electron correlation becomes now practical and efficient, and allows us to perform realistic simulations with correlated wavefunctions corresponding to several hundred atoms. Few examples will be given: i) in the Beryllium dimer we show the accuracy of the method for a particularly difficult case where single determinant approaches (DFT or Hartree-Fock) miserably fail, ii) recent finite temperature realistic simulations of liquid hydrogen and liquid water. |
MISSING (Oxford) | Détails Fermer |
Topological Matter and Why You Should Be Interested le vendredi 03 mai 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In two dimensional topological phases of matter, processes depend on gross topology rather than detailed geometry. Thinking in 2 et 1 dimensions, particle world lines can be interpreted as knots or links, and the amplitude for certain processes becomes a topological invariant of that link. While sounding rather exotic, we believe that such phases of matter not only exist, but have actually been observed in quantum Hall experiments, and could provide a uniquely practical route to building a quantum computer. Possibilities have also been proposed for creating similar physics in systems ranging from superfluid helium to strontium ruthenate to semiconductor-superconductor junctions to quantum wires to spin systems to cold atoms. |
MISSING (University Basel) | Détails Fermer |
Spiral Luttinger liquids: helical nuclear spin order, Rashba nanowires, and their conductance le vendredi 26 avril 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : When taking into account the nuclear spins, a quantum wire is a finite size Kondo lattice system. In such a system, the RKKY interaction can result in an ordered state at low temperatures, in which the Kondo lattice spins form one or several helices. These helices in turn induce a partial ordering of the electrons, and open up gaps in their spectrum. The helical order is a relatively stable phenomenon that persists even for multiple electronic subbands.
Liens :MISSINGUniversity Basel |
MISSING (Princeton) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Many Body Physics with Strongly Interacting Light-Matter Systems le lundi 08 avril 2013 à 15:30 |
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Résumé : In the physics of strongly correlated quantum systems the electromagnetic radiation has traditionally assumed the role of a spectroscopic probe and thus treated as a classical field. In recent years an increasing control over light-matter interactions at the genuine quantum level has been achieved due to experimental developments in quantum optics and quantum electronics. This has brought forth a novel class of many body systems where elementary excitations are made by single quanta of light and matter. These hybrid setups are currently attracting a great experimental and theoretical interest, for the unique features they offer to explore quantum many body physics in novel far from equilibrium regimes. Motivated by the experimental effort, currently ongoing at Princeton, to realize these correlated systems of photons and atoms using superconducting circuits, in this talk I will discuss the physics of large arrays of microwave resonators coupled to superconducting qubits via the elementary Rabi non-linearity. I will argue that the very nature of photon field and its interaction with matter-like excitations allows to stabilize finite-density quantum phases of correlated photons out of the vacuum. I will discuss the properties of these phases and the quantum phase transition occurring between them and highlight the differences with the physics of interacting massive quantum particles. |
MISSING (Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Brachistochrone le vendredi 05 avril 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We investigate the application of optimal control of a single-qubit coupled to an ohmic heat bath. For the weak bath coupling regime, we derive a Bloch-Redfield master equation describing the evolution of the qubit state parameterized by vectors in the Bloch sphere. By use of the optimal control methodology we determine the field that generates a single qubit rotation. We use the techniques of automatic differentiation to compute the gradient for the cost functional. We consider also the concept of Quantum Brachistochrone. Here the problem naturally arises of determining the minimal transition time between an initial state and a final state. The optimal control is of bang-bang type and switches from the upper to the lower value of the control bounds. Liens : |
MISSING (TU Munich) | Détails Fermer |
Scale Invariance in Atomic Physics: from Efimov states to Fermions at Unitarity le vendredi 22 mars 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The talk will provide an introduction to two examples in ultracold atom physics where scale invariance plays an important role: three-body Efimov states of bosonic atoms and Fermions at infinite scattering length. We discuss the issue of an apparently 'universal' three-body parameter in the Efimov context and both thermodynamics and transport properties of the unitary Fermi gas. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Nanoscale Nonlinear Thermoelectricity - Cooling, Catastrophes and Carnot le vendredi 15 mars 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I start by summarizing thermoelectric effects, and how we might be able
to use them for refrigeration, perhaps to cool nanoscale systems to previously
unreachable temperatures (as low as a few mK). However quantum effects
cannot be ignored in such low temperature nanoscale systems. Thus, I develop a
quantum theory of thermoelectric effects, which is capable of dealing with the
highly non-linear effects necessary for efficient refrigerators.
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MISSING (S3-Modena) | Détails Fermer |
Visualizing electron correlation in nano-objects using a scanning tunneling microscope: Molecules, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes le vendredi 08 mars 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) visualizes electron states in both
extended systems and nano-objects, such as quantum dots, molecules, carbon
nanotubes. Whereas extended quantum states are insensitive to electron number
fluctuations, an energy gap opens each time a new electron is injected by the
STS tip into a nano-object. This gap originates from the interaction of the next
incoming electron with the others already present in the system. Under this
Coulomb blockade condition, STS maps the wave function modulus of the electron
injected by the tip into the nano-object. The obtained image is routinely
interpreted as the atomic-like or molecular orbital of the added electron, that
experiences the mean field of the other electrons already populating the system.
A fundamental question is whether features of the tunnelling map may appear due
to electron-electron correlation beyond mean field [1]. In this talk I will
demonstrate that the answer is positive, focusing on planar molecules with metal
centres [2], semiconductor quantum dots [3], quantum wires and carbon nanotubes [4].
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MISSING (Uni-Saarland) | Détails Fermer |
Many Particle Models of Stochastic Transport le vendredi 1er mars 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Active transport is critical for cellular organization and function. Much of the intracellular long-distance transport is carried out by specialised proteins, so-called molecular motors. The molecular motors are connected to cargo like vesicles or cell organelles, and moving along the filaments of the cytoskeleton. Molecular motors of the kinesin and dynein family move in opposite direction along microtubule-filaments. Some of the cargo is even moved by kinesin and dynein motors, and frequently changes its directionality. In my talk I will discuss a few coorperative transport phenomena that are related to motor driven intracellular transport. In particular variants of stochastic many particle models of transport by molecular motors are discussed, which show a strong tendency to form macroscopic clusters on static lattices. Inspired by the fact that the microscopic tracks for molecular motors are dynamical, the influence of different types of lattice dynamics on stochastic bidirectional transport will be examined. Liens :MISSINGUni-Saarland |
MISSING (Trento University) | Détails Fermer |
Liquid and crystal phases of dipolar fermions in two dimensions le vendredi 22 février 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum degenerate gases interacting with long-range dipolar forces have become a fascinating new research direction in the field of ultracold atoms. In the seminar I will briefly review some of the recent experimental and theoretical progresses on this topic and then I will focus on the properties of dipolar fermions in two spatial dimensions. I will report on results obtained using quantum Monte Carlo methods concerning the equation of state of the liquid and crystal phase at zero temperature which correspond, respectively, to the regime of low and high density. Results on the critical density of the liquid to solid quantum phase transition are presented and the possible existence of a stripe phase close to the freezing density is discussed. Preliminary results on a bilayer system with a dipolar impurity interacting with a system of dipolar fermions will also be discussed. Liens :MISSINGTrento University |
MISSING (MPI-Muelheim) | Détails Fermer |
Mechanistic aspects of ultrafast photoprocesses in bioorganic systems le vendredi 15 février 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Excited-state dynamics of molecular systems plays a fundamental role in several fields, such as reactive scattering, hot chemical reactions, transport processes, photochemistry, and photophysics. In the last decade, computational simulations have become an important tool to unveil reaction mechanisms in these processes. In particular, semi-classical nonadiabatic dynamics simulations have revealed complex scenarios, where multiple reaction pathways are in constant competition among them and whose output is deeply dependent on details of a manifold of potential-energy surfaces. In this talk, I will deliver an overview of recent achievements in this field, including a critical appraisal of the strengths and limitations of the available simulation methods. Special focus will be laid on the deactivation dynamics of UV-excited nucleobases, a phenomenon that may have played a central role for life evolution on Earth. Liens :MISSINGMPI-Muelheim |
MISSING (ITP-Amsterdam) | Détails Fermer |
Dynamics in one dimension: from integrability to inelastic neutron scattering and beyond le vendredi 08 février 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Over the last few years, integrability has become a method of choice for the calculation of equilibrium dynamical correlation functions of systems such as spin chains and interacting atomic gases, its main strength being its ability to go beyond low-energy effective theories. A brief review will be given of results on simple and more elaborate observables relevant to experiments such as inelastic neutron scattering, resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and their equivalents in cold atomic systems. Recent applications to out-of-equilibrium physics in cold atoms will also be discussed. Liens :MISSING |
MISSING (ETH Zurich) | Détails Fermer |
Structural features underlying the dynamics of supercooled dynamics le vendredi 1er février 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We apply instantaneous shear deformations to supercooled liquids to investigate the correlations between t he soft modes of the inherent structure belonging to the initial and final configurations and the isoconfi gurational Debye-Waller factors of the initial thermal configuration, as a function of the temperature and of the strain amplitude. The spatial distributions of non-affine displacements (NAD) characterizing such response are correlated to the dynamical heterogeneities of the supercooled liquid, suggesting that partic les in regions of large NADs are likely to be more mobile than those belonging to small values of NADs. Moreover, our normal mode analysis shows that cooperative regions in NAD are strongly correlated to the lo w energy soft modes of the inherent structure of the supercooled liquid, responsible for the onset of plas ticity in the amorphous solid. In addition, we also observe a well-defined critical deformation amplitude, above which these correlations are lost. Liens :MISSINGETH Zurich |
MISSING (IESL-FORTH) | Détails Fermer |
Breaking the flux limit: A novel atom laser using time-dependent adiabatic potentials le vendredi 25 janvier 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Atom laser - coherent beams of matter originating from Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) - are one of the most prominent demonstrations of matter wave optics. They have been proposed as coherent atom sources for matter-wave interferometry and direct atom lithography. Atom lasers are generated by coupling atoms from a trapped BEC into free-space using either a weak RF field [1] or a weak Bragg beam [2]. In this talk I will present a novel type of output coupling of an atom-laser from a BEC, which uses a strong RF field to create a time-varying adiabatic potential (TAP) in a magnetic Ioffe-Pritchared trap. In combination with gravity, the TAP opens a small hole is created in the very bottom of the trap from which the atom-beam is allowed to escape. The TAP atom laser avoids the flux limits of the traditional laser based on weak coupling. This allowed us to demonstrate an increase in flux by more than one order of magnitude to 7 x 107 atoms/s, whilst preserving some of the lowest divergences reported so far (6 mrad) [3]. The TAP also allowed us to generate thermal atom beams with record temperatures as low as 300 nK at a peak-flux of up to 3 x 108 atoms/s. In is talk will discuss the generation and limits of the TAP atom laser. References[1] I. Bloch, T.W. Hänsch, and T. Esslinger, Atom Laser With a CW Output a Coupler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (15), 3008 (1999).[2] E.W. Hagley et al. A Well-Collimated Quasi-Continuous Atom Laser, Science 283 (5408), 1706-1709 (1999). [3] N.P. Robins et al. Achieving Peak Brightness in an Atom Laser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 140403 (2006) and J.E. Debs et al. Experimental comparison of Raman and rf outcouplers for high-flux atom lasers, Phys. Rev. A 81 (2), 013618 (2010). Liens :MISSINGIESL-FORTH |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
The electromagnetic vacuum of random media le lundi 21 janvier 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk I present an analytical approach to the study of several phenomena related to the vacuum field in dielectric random media. In the electric dipole approximation, exact expressions for the dipole emission rate and the van der Waals energy are derived as a function of the electrical susceptibility. Approximate expressions for the total vacuum energy are given, they all free of divergences. The role of local field factors is explained. The difference amongst the spectra of fluctuations which enter each of the aforementioned quantities is clarified. The results are compared with those obtained in the effective medium approximation. References[1]M. Donaire, Phys.Rev.A 83 022502 (2011).[2]M. Donaire, Phys. Rev. A 85 052518 (2012). [3]M. Donaire, Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser. 14 291 (2012). |
MISSING (Geneva University) | Détails Fermer |
Static fluctuations of a thick 1D interface in the 1 et 1 Directed Polymer formulation le vendredi 18 janvier 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation is at the crossroad
between a wide range of theoretical models and experimental systems such as
roughening phenomena and stochastic growth, the Burgers equation in
hydrodynamics or the 1 et 1 Directed Polymer, and the very definition and
implications of the KPZ universality class have been expanding since the 1980',
both in physicists and mathematicians communities.
Liens :Geneva University |
MISSING (Imperial College) | Détails Fermer |
Title: Phonon-enhanced coherent scattering in a driven quantum dot le vendredi 11 janvier 2013 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The recent experimental characterisation of exciton-phonon interactions in a coherently-driven semiconductor
quantum dot (QD) [1, 2], and their interpretation in terms of a two-level system in contact with a bosonic
environment, have demonstrated that QDs offer a natural platform in which to explore dissipative dynamics in
the solid-state. In particular, the interplay between laser-driven coherent excitonic oscillations and incoherent
phonon-induced processes leads to a rich dynamical behaviour, which can also have a profound effect on the dot
photon emission characteristics. In this talk, I shall explore the crucial role played by the solid-state environment
in determining the photon emission properties of a driven quantum dot [3]. In fact, I shall show that such
environmental interactions can lead to quantum dot emission characteristics that deviate fundamentally from
the well-established quantum optical behaviour of driven atoms. Specifically, for resonant driving, the coherently
emitted radiation field can actually increase with driving strength due to the quantum nature of the phonon bath.
This behaviour is in stark contrast to the conventional (quantum optical) expectation of a monotonically
decreasing fraction of coherent emission with stronger driving, and should be observable in experimentally
achievable regimes.
Liens :MISSINGImperial College |
MISSING (Physics department, Yale) | Détails Fermer |
Partial control of information and correlations in scattering media le lundi 07 janvier 2013 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Random matrix theory as well as microscopic theory predict that the transmission eigenvalues of a disordered dielectric material have, in the diffusive regime, a bimodal distribution peaked around 0 and 1 that gives rise to the concept of closed and open eigenchannels. However, in a typical optical experiment where only a small fraction of the channels are excited or measured, the distribution of the transmission eigenvalues is not the bimodal but the Marchenko-Pastur law. We propose an analytical theory that quantitatively describes the transition between these two distributions. In particular, we show that the reduction of the number of controlled input/output channels abruptly suppresses the open eigenchannels and then gradually yields to an effective loss of the correlations contained in the scattering matrix. This effect is illustrated with the study of the information capacity of a disordered waveguide. Finally, we show how the abrupt loss of the open eigenchannels can dramatically reduce the effect of coherent enhancement of absorption. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Critical properties of a growing interface described by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation le vendredi 14 décembre 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation is a stochastic non-equilibrium and non-linear equation initially derived to describe the kinetic roughening of a growing interface. As it has turned out to map to many other important problems, such as directed polymers in random media or Burgers turbulence, it has emerged as a fundamental model to investigate non-equilibrium scaling phenomena and phase transitions. The theoretical understanding of the interface properties in the rough phase, corresponding to a strong-coupling regime, requires non-perturbative methods. I will show, from a detailed analysis of the KPZ symmetries, how to construct an effective action to study the KPZ growth, and derive its Non-Perturbative Renormalization Group flow. I will then present results for critical properties in the stationary regime: critical exponents and correlation and response functions. I will show that these functions exhibit generic scaling, determine the associated universal scaling functions and universal amplitude ratios. |
MISSING (Landau Institute) | Détails Fermer |
Interlayer magnetoresistance in strongly anisotropic quasi-2D compounds le vendredi 07 décembre 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The angular and field dependence of magnetoresistance (MR) is a very powerful tool to determine the details of electronic spectrum and of Fermi-surface geometry of various compounds, which is crucial for understanding their electronic properties. Recently, the magnetic quantum oscillations (MQO) and angular magnetoresistance oscillations were applied to extract the Fermi-surface geometry and the electron dispersion in cuprate and pnictide high-temperature superconductors. Both these effects are traditionally used to study the electron dispersion in layered organic metals and most other metallic compounds. As the anisotropy of the compounds increases, the standard 3D theory of magnetoresistance becomes inapplicable, and a new theoretical description is required.
Liens :MISSINGLandau Institute |
MISSING (SISSA) | Détails Fermer |
Non-equilibrium stationary states in the driven Hubbard model le lundi 03 décembre 2012 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : I shall present a recent work concerning the non-equilibrium dynamics of a strongly correlated electrons systems in a static electric field, with the aim of identifying the conditions to reach a non-equilibrium stationary state (NSS). I show that, for a generic electric field, the convergence to a stationary state requires the coupling to a thermostating bath, absorbing the work done by the external force. By following the real-time dynamics of the system, I also show that coupling to bath provides an essentially sufficient condition, i.e. NSS can be reached for almost any value of dissipation. I characterize the properties of the NSS in terms of some physical observables, pointing out the existence of an analogue of the Pomeranchuk effect. Finally, I map out a phase diagram of the system and I identify a dissipation regime for which steady current is largest for a given field. |
MISSING (National Chemical Laboratory, India) | Détails Fermer |
Shape resonance in electron- atom and electron-molecule molecule collision: Complex absorbing potential based coupled-cluster theory le mercredi 28 novembre 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Electron-atom and electron-molecule shape resonance leads to metastable resonant states, which become unnormalizable. Thus, bound state quantum chemistry techniques can not be applied. However, using complex absorbing potential and complex scaling, resonant states can be normalized. Using bound state coupled-cluster methods to the complex Hamiltonian, resonance energies can be obtained as real part of complex electron affinity and resonance widths can be obtained as imaginary part. Test results to prototype systems are presented. |
MISSING (LPS Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Resistive switching in oxides le vendredi 23 novembre 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Resistive random access memory (RRAM) composed of a transtition metal oxide dielectric in a capacitor- like structure is a candidate technology for next generation non-volatile memory devices [1]. We introduce a model that accounts for the bipolar resistive switching phenomenom observed in many perovskite transition metal oxides [2]. The numerical study of the model predicts that strong electric fields develop in the highly resistive dielectric-electrode interfaces, leading to a spatially inhomogeneous distribution of oxygen vacancies and a concomitant nonvolatile resistance memory effect. The theoretical results of the model are validated by successful comparison with non-trivial resistance hysteresis loops measured in cuprate YBCO and manganite PCLMO samples. Insights from the model simulations are used to propose a novel multi-level and non-volatile memory cell. We shall present results for an implementation of a 6-bit multi-leve memory cell device [3]. |
MISSING (Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo) | Détails Fermer |
Going beyond perturbation theory in reaction-diffusion problems le vendredi 16 novembre 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The simplest reaction-diffusion problems are considered. They consist on particles of a single species A that can diffuse with diffusion constant D and that can perform annihilation (2A->nothing) or branching (A->2A) or, alternatively, A->3A. It is shown that mean field methods and perturbative expansions around it completely miss some simple properties as the structure of the phase diagram as found by Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that methods that go beyond perturbation theory allows to quantitatively reproduce Monte Carlo results in a very simple way. |
MISSING (Université de Cergy-Pontoise) | Détails Fermer |
How much energy does it cost to make a hole in an ideal Fermi gas? le vendredi 09 novembre 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The change in energy of an ideal Fermi gas when a local one-body potential is inserted into the system, or when the density is changed locally, are important quantities. In this talk I will explain that the well-known semiclassical approximation provides a lower bound to the correct quantum mechanical energy of the perturbed Fermi sea, up to a universal constant. This work generalizes a famous estimate of Lieb and Thirring, in the vacuum.
It is a collaboration with R. Frank, E.H. Lieb (Princeton, USA) and R. Seiringer (McGill, Montréal, Canada). |
MISSING (Institut Curie) | Détails Fermer |
Mechanics and instabilities of healthy and cancerous tissues le vendredi 26 octobre 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk, we present some theoretical and experimental results on the growth and mechanical properties of healthy and cancerous tissues. Liens :MISSINGInstitut Curie |
MISSING (University of Singapore) | Détails Fermer |
Transport in 1D revisited: A simple, exact solution for phase disorder le vendredi 19 octobre 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I will revisit the baby problem of single-channel scattering in a one-dimensional chain of scatterers, with uniform phase disorder. I will present a simple, exact analytical solution that applies even in the strong scattering limit. This permits the easy computation of all moments of the conductance and resistance, and I will show how one obtains answers well-known from weak-scattering limit from our exact solution. I will also discuss features in the probability distribution for the conductance missing from the usual weak scattering treatment. This is work done together with Berge Englert from the Centre for Quantum Technologies, Singapore. |
MISSING (Bariloche Atomic Center, Argentina) | Détails Fermer |
Tunable spin and charge Seebeck effects in magnetic molecular junctions le vendredi 12 octobre 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The increasing interest in the thermoelectric properties of materials and the quest for high Seebeck coefficients is motivated by the promise of more efficient solid state refrigerators and the conversion of waste heat into electricity. The Seebeck effect refers to the generation of a charge current (or a voltage drop) by a temperature gradient applied across a metal, and the spin-Seebeck effect, concerns the thermal generation of pure spin currents. The recent experimental observation of the Seebeck effect in different nano-structures, in particular in molecular junctions and quantum dots, opened new routes to study these phenomena. On the one hand, the high sensitivity of these systems to external fields, their scalability and tunability make them potential candidates for a variety of technological applications. On the other hand, thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects provide a unique probe of electron correlation effects and are a useful tool to gain further insight on fundamental problems like the Kondo regime where the energy transfer is dominated by spin fluctuations.
I'll present results for the charge and spin Seebeck effects of a spin-1 molecular junction as a function of temperature (T), applied magnetic field (H), and molecular magnetic anisotropy (D) obtained using Wilson's numerical renormalization group [1]. A hard-axis magnetic anisotropy produces a large enhancement of the charge Seebeck coefficient Sc (~ kB/|e|) whose value only depends on the residual interaction between quasiparticles in the low temperature Fermi-liquid regime. In the underscreened spin-1 Kondo regime, the high sensitivity of the system to magnetic fields makes it possible to obtain a sizable value for the spin Seebeck coefficient even for magnetic fields much smaller than the Kondo temperature. Similar effects can be obtained in C60 junctions where the control parameter is the gap between a singlet and a triplet molecular state. I'll also discuss briefly the thermoelectric properties of an SU(4) Kondo resonance, that describes the low temperature transport through clean C nanotubes [2].
Liens :MISSINGBariloche Atomic Center, Argentina |
MISSING (University of Camerino) | Détails Fermer |
Density and Spin Response of a Fermi Gas in the Attractive and Quasi-Repulsive Regime le vendredi 05 octobre 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Recent experimental advances in ultracold Fermi gases allow for exploring response functions under different dynamical conditions. In particular, the issue of obtaining a quasirepulsive regime starting from a Fermi gas with an attractive interparticle interaction while avoiding the formation of the two-body bound state is currently debated. Here, we provide a calculation of the density and spin response for a wide range of temperature and coupling both in the attractive and quasirepulsive regime, whereby the system is assumed to evolve nonadiabatically toward the upper branch of the Fermi gas. A comparison is made with the available experimental data for these two quantities. |
MISSING (LPMMC, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Chaos and transport in disordered classical nonlinear chains le vendredi 28 septembre 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Chaotic behavior is the reason for destruction of Anderson localization by a weak nonlinearity in a classical system. A disordered one-dimensional chain of coupled weakly anharmonic classical oscillators is one of the simplest models where this effect can be studied. I will analyze the probability for appearance of chaos in such chains, and then I will discuss the consequences of chaos for transport of conserved quantities along the chain. Liens :MISSINGLPMMC, Grenoble |
MISSING (University of Oslo) | Détails Fermer |
Relaxation processes in Coulomb glasses le vendredi 21 septembre 2012 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Coulomb glasses are materials with electron states localized by the disorder under conditions of long-range interactions between their particles. One realization of a Coulomb glass is a doped semiconductor at low temperatures. Another example is granular metals. Coulomb glasses show complex dynamics typical for other complex systems: sluggish, non-exponential, relaxation of the conductance as well as aging and memory effects similar to those observed in structural glasses. We report dynamical Monte Carlo simulations of relaxation processes in a Coulomb glass. Both the relaxation to equilibrium following an initial temperature quench and during and after a driving by a strong current is studied. We see that out of equilibrium there is an effective electron temperature established on a short timescale, and this relaxes slowly to the bath temperature. We also study the response of the system to an external perturbation and observe how it relaxes after such a perturbation. Both from a random state and after a perturbation from equilibrium we find that the effective temperature relaxes logarithmically. Liens :MISSINGUniversity of Oslo |
MISSING (Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India) | Détails Fermer |
Conductance in systems of Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid systems with resistances le jeudi 20 septembre 2012 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Conductance of quantum wires connected to Fermi liquid leads has been extensively studied in literature. In such 1-dimensional systems, effects of interactions are taken into account by the technique of Bosonization. We have developed a phenomenological formalism that allows us to study the effect of resistances in quantum wires[1]. Rayleigh dissipation function is combined with the technique of Bosonization to model the power dissipation. We use this formalism to study the conductance and the power dissipated in systems of a quantum wire and junction of three quantum wires connected to Fermi liquid leads. Further, we combine two Y-junctions to study the conductance of a parallel combination of resistances[2]. We find that the effective resistance of a parallel combination is quite different from that of its classical counterpart. |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
The superfluid-insulator phase diagram of 1-D weakly interacting bosons in a disorder potential le vendredi 14 septembre 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A one-dimensional system of non-interacting particles in presence of disorder is always in an insulating state at zero temperature. Interactions can induce a quantum phase transition to a superfluid state, characterized by quasi long-range order. This Bose-glass to superfluid transition has been the subject of intense theoretical studies and of several recent experiments carried out on ultracold atomic clouds. I will present a theoretical study of the weakly interacting Bose gas at zero temperature in a disorder potential with finite spatial correlation length. To leading order in the interaction strength, the boundary between the superfluid and insulating phases can be determined from a symmetry-breaking approach: the extended Bogolyubov model. This approach accounts correctly for diverging low energy phase fluctuations - that occur in a low-dimensional system and are ultimately responsible for the suppression of superfluidity. In this context, the phase diagram on the interaction-disorder plane (U,D) can be characterized by inspecting the long-range behaviour of the one-body density matrix as well as the drop in superfluid fraction. It turns out in particular that the phase boundary between the two phases follows two different power laws on the phase diagram in the white-noise and Thomas-Fermi limits respectively. This feature is peculiar of a spatially correlated disorder and is expected to govern the behaviour of disordered ultracold atomic clouds in current experiments. The in-situ density profile is perhaps the feature of an ultracold atomic cloud that can be most easily measured in an experiment. I will show that a direct link exists between the fragmentation of the density profile and the occurrence of the phase transition. This link is given by the probability distribution of the gas density. In particular, the appearance of a superfluid fraction coincides with a vanishing probability distribution in the limit of zero density, namely with the disappearance of fragmentation. This analysis sets the intuitive relation between fragmentation and insulating behaviour into a rigorous framework, and opens the way to the experimental detection of the phase transition. Liens :MISSINGhttp://search.epfl.ch/ubrowse.action?acro=LTPN |
MISSING (Department of physics, Harvard) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum flutter of supersonic particles in one-dimensional quantum liquids le jeudi 31 mai 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I will present exact results on the dynamics of an impurity injected at a supersonic velocity into a one-dimensional quantum liquid [1]. Two main surprising results are revealed in the analysis. Firstly, the momentum of the impurity does not decay to zero, instead it forms a strongly correlated state that propagates at a reduced velocity. Secondly, the system undergoes coherent oscillations in which the impurity vibrates with respect to its correlation hole. These oscillations, which we call quantum flutter, have their origin in a long-lived coherent quantum superposition of two families of quasi-equilibrium states in the system. These results provide the first example of new physics due to supersonic propagation in a strongly coupled non-relativistic many-body system. Furthermore, the main features are robust to changes in parameters of the system, suggesting that they may be a generic feature of one-dimensional quantum systems. |
MISSING (Département de physique, Université de Padova, Italie) | Détails Fermer |
Itinerant magnetism in 2D ultracold Fermi atoms with Spin-Orbit coupling: variational approach le jeudi 10 mai 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The exploration of Rashba spin-orbit (SO) interaction is stimulated by its increasing interest for spintronic applications. The first experimental evidences of SO interactions have been found in semiconductor devices. We investigate the behaviour of a 2D ultracold Fermi gas in presence of a Rashba-like spin-orbit coupling. At ultralow temperatures the fermions interact via contact (repulsive) interactions. We determine the ground state of the system perturbatively up to second order terms in the interaction strength. First we employ the functional integral method that enables us to highlight clearly the similarities with the well known (3D) Stoner model. Then, to overcome some difficulties related to the dimensionality, we analyse the behaviour of the 2D system with a variational approach, both without and with the SO coupling. We focus in particular on the aspects related to the magnetization, and as main result we show how the presence of the Rashba coupling frustrates the emergence of a magnetized phase. Liens : |
MISSING (Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla) | Détails Fermer |
Chaos Ondulatoire en milieux ouverts : une généralisation de la distribution de Wigner le mardi 24 avril 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Initialement introduite en 1951 par E. Wigner pour décrire le spectre d’énergie de noyaux lourds, la distribution des écarts entre plus proches niveaux a par la suite été intensivement utilisée pour décrire les propriétés statistiques de systèmes ondulatoires chaotiques. Cependant, la distribution de Wigner, basée sur l’hypothèse forte d’un système fermé, ne s’applique plus pour les systèmes ouverts, c’est-à-dire des systèmes pour lesquels le couplage avec l’extérieur ne peut pas être négligé. En reprenant l’approximation du modèle à 2 niveaux utilisé par Wigner et en prenant explicitement en compte le couplage avec l’extérieur, je présenterais une expression analytique exacte de la distribution des écarts dans le cas particulier d’un canal de perte. Puis, je montrerais qu’en considérant la force de couplage comme un paramètre libre cette distribution est aussi une excellente approximation dans le cas d’un nombre quelconque de canaux de pertes. Ainsi, l’ensemble de ces résultats, appuyé par des simulations numériques et des données expérimentales, peut être vu comme une généralisation de la distribution de Wigner aux systèmes ouverts. |
MISSING (Institut d'optique, Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Matter wave transport and Anderson localization in anisotropic 3D disorder le mardi 10 avril 2012 à 11:00 |
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Liens :Institut d'optique, Orsay |
MISSING (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Transport and Classical Percolation in the High Temperature Regime of the Quantum Hall Effect le jeudi 05 avril 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The quantized Hall resistance plateaus observed at high magnetic fields in two-dimensional electron gases are known to vanish rapidly with increasing temperature. We wish to show that dissipative transport remains however non-trivial at high temperatures, as it is dominated by classical percolation physics. For this purpose, we use a diagrammatic formalism based on a local conductivity approach to investigate the interplay of inelastic phonon scattering with the random drifting of electronic trajectories [1,2]. This provides a microscopic derivation of the universal transport critical exponent in the high-temperature regime of quantum Hall transitions, that was up to now only conjectured from qualitative geometrical arguments.
We also derive microscopic expressions for the dependences in temperature and magnetic field of the longitudinal conductance. This allows us to test our predictions with recent experiments and to extract the transport critical exponent from experimental data [3].
Liens :Institut Néel |
MISSING (Maths Department, Texas A & M University) | Détails Fermer |
Universality in chaotic quantum transport: the concordance between random matrix and semiclassical theories le mardi 06 mars 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Electronic transport through chaotic quantum dots exhibits universal, system independent properties which are consistent with random matrix theory. The observable quantities can be expressed, via the semiclassical approximation, as sums over the classical scattering trajectories. Correlations between such trajectories are organized diagrammatically and have been shown to yield universal answers for some observables. We develop a general combinatorial treatment of the semiclassical diagrams by relating them to factorizations of permutations. Taking previously calculated answers (Heusler et al, 2006) for the contribution of a given diagram, we prove agreement to all orders between the semiclassical and random matrix approaches for all moments (linear or nonlinear) of the transmission amplitudes for systems with and without time reversal symmetry. This explains the mathematics behind the applicability of random matrix theory to chaotic quantum transport. The streamlined calculation could also pave the way for inclusion of non-universal effects. |
MISSING (LPT, ENS Paris) | Détails Fermer |
Interacting electrons in one dimension beyond the Luttinger liquid paradigm: relaxation rates and transport le mardi 24 janvier 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In contrast to higher dimensional systems where pair collisions provide finite relaxation rate and lifetime, the situation in one dimension is peculiar. A one-dimensional electron gas requires three-particle collisions for finite relaxation due to constraints imposed by the conservation laws. At zero temperature the fastest relaxation is provided by the interbranch processes which enable energy exchange between counterpropagating particles. At sufficiently high temperatures the leading mechanism is due to the intrabranch scattering of comoving electrons. We derive the corresponding relaxation rates that strongly depend whether one considers screened or unscreneed Coulomb interaction. The abovementioned relaxation processes are responsible for interaction-induced modifications of electrical and thermal conductance in quantum wires. Our approach is based on the Boltzmann equation that is beyond the Luttinger-liquid theory Liens :MISSINGLPT, ENS Paris |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Spin-selective tunneling in quantum dots confining holes le mardi 17 janvier 2012 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Holes confined in SiGe nanocrystals have recently been studied in
dc transport experiments [1]. Motivated by the experimental work,
I will consider the tunneling of a charge carrier from a metallic
lead into the valence band of the semiconductor. In a magnetic
field, the spin-orbital splitting of the valence band gives rise
to spin-selective tunneling. I will give a working explanation of
the phenomenon based on an expansion of the Luttinger Hamiltonian
around the 2D limit. I will formulate a simple model for the tunnel
contact (the Z-model), in which the effect of the spin selectivity
is maximally strong. Our results demonstrate that spin-selective
tunneling in semiconductor nanostructures can be achieved without
the use of ferromagnetic contacts. This effect can be used to
induce spin currents and measure Rabi oscillations in single-dot
devices with strong spin-orbit interaction. |
MISSING (Freie Universitaet Berlin) | Détails Fermer |
Non-Gaussian fluctuations of mesoscopic persistent currents le mardi 13 décembre 2011 à 11:00 |
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MISSING (Israel Institute of Technology) | Détails Fermer |
Photons in fractal structures: thermodynamics, quantum optics and Casimir effect le mardi 29 novembre 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Fractals define a new and interesting realm for a discussion of basic phenomena in QED and quantum optics and their implementation. This interest results from specific properties of fractals, e.g., their dilatation symmetry as opposed to the translation symmetry of Euclidean space and the corresponding absence of Fourier mode decomposition. Moreover, the existence of a set of distinct (usually non integer) dimensions characterizing the physical properties (spatial or spectral) of fractals make them a useful testing ground for dimensionality dependent physical problems. We shall start by noting that the absence of Fourier transform on a fractal implies necessarily different notions of volume in direct and reciprocal spaces and thus the need to modify the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Implications for field quantization and the definition of the notion of photon on a fractal will be further addressed. These ideas will find interesting applications in quantum optics of fractal cavities. More specifically, we shall discuss the existence of a strong Purcell effect, the modification of spontaneous emission, and the Casimir effect. We shall then turn to the case of massive bosons and discuss the nature of Bose-Einstein condensation and the onset of superfluidity in fractal structures. The existence of distinct fractal dimensions characterizing spatial and spectral properties is instrumental in understanding the dimensionality dependence of the BEC and the existence of a superfluid order either through the existence of an "Off Diagonal Long Range Order" (ODLRO) or the generalization of the Mermin-Wagner theorem. |
MISSING (LPS, Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Cold atoms in 2D optical lattices under staggered rotation le jeudi 17 novembre 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk, I will first show how a two-dimensional square lattice
model with an artificial staggered flux can be simulated with
ultracold atoms trapped in a bichromatic optical lattice. For bosonic
atoms, besides the known uniform superfluid and Mott insulating
phases, the zero-temperature phase diagram exhibits a novel kind of
finite-momentum superfluid phase, characterized by a quantized
staggered rotational flux [1]. An extension for fermionic atoms leads
to a realization of highly tunable interacting Dirac fermions. With
attractive interaction in particular, besides a s-wave superfluid
phase, an unconventional superfluidity with non-local bond pairing
arises [2].
Liens :MISSINGLPS, Orsay |
MISSING (Institut für theoretische Physik, Düsseldorf) | Détails Fermer |
Couplage électron-phonon dans les isolants topologiques le mardi 15 novembre 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Les isolants topologiques sont des matériaux isolants dans le bulk mais qui permettent le transport de charges sur leurs bords. Leur découverte récente, d'abord en dimension 2 dans des puits quantiques de HgTe, puis en dimension 3 dans une classe de matériaux tels que Bi2Se3 ou Bi2Te3, a ouvert la voie à de nombreuses applications notamment dans les domaines de la spintronique ou de l'informatique quantique. Parallèlement, plusieurs nouveaux phénomènes physiques ont pu être prédits. L’existence de ces états de bords est protégée par un invariant topologique caractéristique de la structure de bandes du bulk et une propriété essentielle de ces matériaux est l'absence totale de diffusion en dimension 2 ou une réduction drastique de l'espace des phases des états de diffusion en dimension 3. L'étude des isolants topologiques a été réalisée jusqu’à présent sans interaction. Cela était justifié par la protection topologique des états de bords. Cependant, la situation est encore mal comprise, d’autant plus que dans certains cas on s’attend à de fortes interactions. En utilisant une théorie effective de basse énergie pour l’état de surface des isolants topologiques 3D, nous avons récemment analysé les conséquences du couplage électron-phonon. Nous avons ainsi pu prédire différentes grandeurs physiques comme la durée de vie des quasi-particules ou la résistivité surfacique, qui sont en très bon accord avec les premiers résultats expérimentaux. |
MISSING (Université de Texas - San Antonio et LPMC - Université de Nice) | Détails Fermer |
Single-channel transport in disordered multichannel systems le mardi 08 novembre 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Electronic transport in conductors or light or sound in samples in which randomly scattered waves diffuse may be characterized by the transmittance, T, which is equal to the number of effective open channels, Neff, with transmission coefficients close to unity. Beyond the localization length, at which T= Neff =1, T becomes dominated by a single channel of the largest transmission which falls exponentially with length L due to Anderson localization. The crossover to single-channel transport in disordered multichannel systems has been observed in statistics measurements of microwave radiation transmitted in ensembles of quasi-one-dimensional (Q-1D) random waveguides. The degree of fluctuations in transmitted "speckle" intensity relative to transmittance fluctuations exhibits a universal scaling behavior in the crossover to the single-channel regime, in which the disordered system can be treated as a 1D localized system coupled diffusely, through all independent channels, to the surrounding medium. We also observe single-channel pulse transmission in localized Q-1D waveguides at short and long time delays following a pulsed excitation. This indicates that localized eigenmodes of a multichannel disordered system, including rare-occurred, short-lived "necklace" states occupy distinct transmission eigenchannels of the system. Liens :MISSINGUniversité de Texas - San AntonioetLPMC - Université de Nice |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Quasiparticle effects in superconducting qubits le mardi 18 octobre 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Josephson junctions are the central nonlinear elements of superconducting qubits. The interaction between the qubit degree of freedom and the quasiparticles tunneling through the junctions leads to an intrinsic relaxation mechanism. I will show that the corresponding decay rate depends on the magnetic flux that tunes the qubit properties in devices such as the phase and flux qubits, the split transmon, and the fluxonium. The theory is valid for both equilibrium and nonequilibrium quasiparticle distributions and redicts a shift in the qubit frequency due to quasiparticles. I will discuss recent experimental measurements of these effects and a way to distinguish nonequilibrium quasiparticles from other relaxation mechanisms in future experiments. Liens : |
MISSING (Center for Quantum Technology) | Détails Fermer |
Long-lived qubits in atomic systems le vendredi 14 octobre 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk, I will present a scheme for qubits stored in clusters of three atoms that are long-lived against decoherence from fluctuating magnetic fields, a limiting source of noise in many experiments. Each qubit is stored in a rotationally invariant subsystem of the total angular momentum states of the three atoms, and can persist for time-scales on the order of hours, compared to milliseconds for an unprotected qubit. I will first present the theoretical scheme of rotationally invariant subsystems in atomic systems, and then move on to discuss current work at CQT on an experimental scheme to demonstrate the persistence of the qubit. This includes methods for state preparation via Rydberg blockade, state tomography via light scattering, as well as novel techniques for state estimation with sparse data. |
MISSING (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Optics in Semiconductors le mardi 27 septembre 2011 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Since the pioneering studies on the coherence properties of radiation to modern quantum optical experiments - on fundamental issues of quantum mechanics such as Bell's theorem, quantum complementarity or quantum nondemolition measurements - the subtle properties of light has been deeply debated topics. Moreover, atom-cavity systems have been used to investigate quantum dynamical processes for open quantum systems in a regime of strong coupling and to explore quantum behaviours that have no classical counterparts.
On the other hand, since the early seventies researchers have been exploring the possible realization of semiconductor-based heterostructures, devised according to the principles of quantum mechanics. The development of sophisticated growth techniques started a revolution in semiconductor physics, determined by the possibility of manipulation and building of miniaturized structures with taylored properties and interactions.
However, these heterostructures have some fundamental differences with respect to the simpler two-level atom-single mode cavity model greatly exploited in quantum optics, due principally to their solid state mesoscopic nature. From fundamental as well as applyed physics perspectives, these structures present difficult challenges because microscopic many-body physics of interacting particles (e.g. Coulomb interaction) has to be merged with the quantum theory of light in these confined systems. Anyway, it is thanks to this very peculiar feature that these devices ar so successful as prototype systems, as ideal accessible and controllable arenas to investigate quantum coherence effects in competition with many-body Coulomb nonlinearities and decoherence.
In this seminar I will describe a few examples of quantum optical many-body phenomena in semiconductor nanostructured systems. With the help of some works of mine [1,2,3] done in recent years I will try to present the challenges, the viewpoints and the state-of-the-art of this field from fundamental as well as applyed physics perspectives.
Liens :MISSINGInstitut Néel |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le lundi 20 juin 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Nicolas Barré:
Manutea Candé: Dans le cadre de l'étude de la propagation de la lumière en milieu désordonné nous nous sommes intéressés durant ce stage à des situations dans lesquelles l'état quantique de la lumière incidente est intriqué en fréquence. Pour cela, nous avons considéré un état à deux photons intriqués obtenu à partir d'un processus d'optique non linéaire que l'on envoie à travers une tranche de milieu désordonné. La lumière en sortie est ensuite détectée en champ lointain par deux photo-détecteurs. En utilisant le formalisme de la matrice de diffusion, nous avons calculé différents taux de coïncidence entre les deux détecteurs afin de mettre en évidence des phénomènes d'interférences liés à l'intrication initiale de l'état de la lumière. Enfin, nous nous sommes aussi intéressés à des situations différentes où un seul des deux photons pénètre le milieu désordonné, le second se propageant dans le vide avant d'attendre le détecteur. Ce type d'étude pourrait ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles perspectives tant sur le plan de la caractérisation des milieux complexes à l'aide de la lumière que sur celui du transfert d'information à travers un milieu désordonné. Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Quels mécanismes pour la condensation et l'évaporation dans les milieux mésoporeux ? les réponses de l'optique le lundi 30 mai 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Après presque un siècle d'études, la condensation et l'évaporation d'un fluide dans un milieu poreux font toujours l'objet de nombreuses recherches. Une question très discutée porte sur l'origine de l'hystérésis entre condensation et évaporation, et sur les rôles respectifs du confinement, du désordre, ou de la topologie du milieu poreux.
Liens :MISSINGInstitut Néel |
MISSING (Institut Langevin, ESPCI) | Détails Fermer |
Near-field interaction in disordered media le lundi 09 mai 2011 à 11:00 |
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MISSING (Liphy Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Talbot carpet, telemetry and optical pumping with frequency shifted feedback lasers le lundi 18 avril 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Frequency shifted feedback (FSF) lasers are regular laser cavities, in which a frequency shifter has been inserted: each times a photon makes a roundtrip in the cavity its frequency is shifted by a few tens of MHz. This confers to the laser field very specific properties. The optical spectrum is broadband and continuous, and when this laser feeds a two-beam interferometer the noise spectrum of the output field shows additional beats, whose position depends linearly on the path delay of the interferometer. I will present a simple and intuitive model for FSF lasers accounting for these specific coherence properties. Then I will discuss possible applications of these lasers in positioning, telemetry and tomography. Finally I will present its application to atomic physics, where FSF lasers enable to excite the whole Doppler and hyperfine width of an atomic transition. An illustration is the realization of an interferometer based on optical pumping, with a fringe spacing reduced by a factor of two compared to a regular interferometer at the same wavelength. Liens :MISSINGLiphy Grenoble |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
La visio-conférence le lundi 28 mars 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Le service informatique vous propose cette année une série de petite formations sur différents "savoir-faire" qui vous seront utiles dans le cadre de vos activités de recherche élargies ..
Ces mini-formations se veulent pragmatiques et interactives. Aussi n'hésitez pas à nous soumettre les sujets qui sont importants pour vous. Liens : |
MISSING (Max-Planck Institut für Quantoptik) | Détails Fermer |
From rotating atomic rings to quantum Hall states le lundi 21 mars 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Considerable efforts are currently devoted to the preparation of ultracold neutral atoms in the emblematic strongly correlated quantum Hall regime. The routes followed so far essentially rely on thermodynamics, i.e. imposing the proper Hamiltonian and cooling the system towards its ground state. In rapidly rotating 2D harmonic traps the role of the transverse magnetic field is played by the angular velocity. The needed angular momentum is very large and it can be obtained only for spinning frequencies extremely near to the deconfinement limit; consequently, the required control on experimental parameters turns out to be far too stringent. Here we propose to follow instead a dynamic path starting from the gas confined in a rotating ring. The large moment of inertia of such geometry facilitates the access to states with a large angular momentum, corresponding to a giant vortex. The trapping potential is then adiabatically transformed into a harmonic confinement, which brings the interacting atomic gas in the desired quantum Hall regime. We provide clear numerical evidence that for a relatively broad range of initial angular frequencies, the giant vortex state is adiabatically connected to the bosonic ν=1/2 Laughlin state, and we discuss the scaling to many particles and the robustness against experimental defects. |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Quelques résultats mathématiques sur la distribution des vortex dans un condensat de Bose-Einstein en rotation rapide le lundi 07 mars 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : On étudie un condensat de Bose-Einstein en rotation dans le cadre de la théorie de Gross-Pitaevskii bi-dimensionnelle. Nous identifierons et calculerons trois vitesses de rotation critiques marquant des transitions de phases caractérisées par des changements radicaux de la répartition des vortex dans le condensat. En particulier nous démontrons rigoureusement l'apparition d'une phase de type vortex géant lorsque la vitesse de rotation dépasse un seuil que nous calculons. |
MISSING (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania) | Détails Fermer |
Cyclotron resonance of K point electrons in graphite le mercredi 23 février 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We have studied the cyclotron resonance in graphite at low magnetic fields. It is dominated by the vicinity of the K point because of the large density of states. Instead of a single absorption line expected in the simple parabolic-band model, the observed spectrum represents multiple harmonic structure (up to 20 harmonics). We have used a semiclassical approach that enables us to interpret the experimental data, and we have shown that the presence of the trigonal warping of the electronic band leads to two series of selection rules 3N-1 and 3N et 1 for allowed transitions, unlike the usual simple parabolic-band model that gives |N|=1. Liens :Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania |
MISSING (Institut Jean Lamour, Nancy) | Détails Fermer |
Self-trapping ultracold bosons in an optical superlattice under a gravity ramp le lundi 21 février 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We analyze the effect of a sudden quench of a linear chemical potential on a trapped one-dimensional Bose gas initially confined in a finite region of an optical lattice. In the impenetrable limit, we develop an hydrodynamical theory which provides the temporal evolution of the density profile. We found that a finite density of the particles remain confined, and another is ejected outside the initial boundaries. We found analytic expressions for the `plateau' region and for the time-dependent shape of the ejected particles. Furthermore, using adaptive time-dependent DMRG and exact diagonalization techniques, we investigate the same dynamics in the truly interacting Bose-Hubbard model. The resulting dynamics typically shows two different regimes. For strong repulsion the system show a principal frequency in the temporal evolution of the observables resembling the result in the impenetrable limit. Oppositely, when decreasing the coupling and the system becomes more non-integrable, its time evolution takes on a chaotic character. The features of this transition depend on the value of the gradient. |
MISSING (Optoélectronique Quantique et Nanophotonique, Clermont-Ferrand) | Détails Fermer |
Jonction de Josephson avec BEC de exciton-polaritons : approximation monomode et dynamique hors d'équilibre le lundi 14 février 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : La jonction de Josephson avec un condensat de Bose-Einstein d'excitons-polaritons sera présentée dans le cadre de la théorie du champ moyen mono-mode, basée sur les équations du type Gross-Pitaevskii. Les dynamiques linéaire et non-linéaire sont considérées pour les effets extrinsèques et intrinsèques. La transition d'un régime de piégeage quantique microscopique à des oscillations Josephson se produit en raison du temps de vie fini d'un condensat de polaritons. Lorsque qu'une dynamique de polarisations non triviale est créée, il apparait dans l'espace réel la séparation spontanée des condensats ayant des polarisations opposées. Une approche basée sur la technique de Keldysh est utilisée pour aller vers une théorie multi-modes qui va prendre en compte le couplage avec des états excités. Liens :Optoélectronique Quantique et Nanophotonique, Clermont-Ferrand |
MISSING (Physico-chimie théorique, ESPCI) | Détails Fermer |
Modified Fluctuation-dissipation theorem for non-equilibrium steady-states and applications le lundi 07 février 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : It is a general rule that as a system gets smaller its fluctuations increase. As a consequence, in small systems, thermodynamic quantities like work or heat are only defined in a statistical sense. Exact relations between the statistical distributions of thermodynamic quantities, known as fluctuations relations, have been obtained about a decade ago. Within the linear regime, these fluctuations relations lead to a modified fluctuation-dissipation theorem valid for systems close to non-equilibrium steady-states and obeying markovian dynamics. We discuss possible applications of that idea to experiments in the context of biophysics. |
MISSING (Institut für Theoretische Physik IV, Universität Düsseldorf) | Détails Fermer |
Gaz de fermions ultrafroids fortement polarisés : du polaron à l'état lié le lundi 31 janvier 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Les gaz dégénérés d'atomes ultrafroids constituent un système modèle pour explorer les propriétés d'états quantiques à N-corps fortement corrélés. Pour les fermions, la possibilité d'un déséquilibre de population entre les états de spin a été récemment à l'origine de nombreuses études théoriques et expérimentales. Nous nous intéressons à la situation où un seul fermion de spin down est immergé dans une mer de Fermi de particules de spin up. Ce problème joue un rôle clé dans l'analyse du diagramme de phase à température nulle et la description des expériences réalisées sur des gaz piégés. Lorsque la longueur de diffusion est négative, nous avons généralisé un premier calcul approché introduit précédemment et ne prenant en compte qu'une seule excitation particule-trou. Ceci nous a permis de donner à la fois une description exacte du polaron et de mieux comprendre l'efficacité de la première approche. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés au cas de la dimension 1. A nouveau, notre approche donne des résultats en excellent accord avec la solution exacte, lorsque celle-ci est connue. Enfin, nous avons généralisé, à l'aide d'une approche diagrammatique, notre traitement à la situation où l'interaction est suffisamment forte pour produire un état lié. Nous obtenons ainsi une description quasi-exacte du système tout au long de la transition BEC-BCS, qui est en excellent accord avec les résultats expérimentaux récents du groupe de C. Salomon au LKB. Liens :Institut für Theoretische Physik IV, Universität Düsseldorf |
MISSING (Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences,) | Détails Fermer |
Background atoms and decoherence in optical lattices le mardi 11 janvier 2011 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Many quantum phenomenon, although predicted theoretically, still
couldn't be observed because of strong decoherence. In case of Bose-
Einstein condensation a potentially significant role is played by losses.
With the help of a suitable master equation I investigate a role of
background gas on the loss of coherence in optical lattices. In the talk
I will present and comment an exact solution of the master equation.
I will also confront my results with coherence revival observed in [1] --
the comparision is a topic of my paper [2]. Liens :MISSINGCenter for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, |
MISSING (CPMOH, Bordeaux) | Détails Fermer |
Propriétés inhabituelles des vortex dans un supraconducteur multibande le lundi 22 novembre 2010 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Sous un faible champ magnétique, un supraconducteur est parfaitement
diamagnétique, i.e. le champ est expulsé complètement. À
l'opposé, un fort champ supprime la supraconductivité. Entre ces
deux extrêmes, un supraconducteur peut adopter l'état mixte dans
lequel il laisse partiellement pénétrer le champ sous la forme de
lignes de flux quantifié et emprisonné au centre de vortex de
courant.
Dans la supraconductivité multibande, le potentiel d'appariement varie significativement selon les parties disjointes de la surface de Fermi, et donne naissance à plusieurs valeurs de gap dans le spectre d'excitation. La réponse magnétique de cette catégorie de supraconducteur peut être décrite par une théorie de Ginzburg-Landau possédant un paramètre d'ordre à plusieurs composantes, liées par un couplage interbande de type Josephson. Le degré
de liberté supplémentaire, correspondant à la possibilité pour les composantes de varier différemment, engendre des propriétés inhabituelles.
Nous prédisons par exemple que dans un système mésoscopique, les effets de bord sont suffisamment importants pour favoriser énergétiquement un paramètre d'ordre dont les composantes possèdent des vorticités différentes [1]. Cet état viole alors la propriété de quantification du flux magnétique lié aux vortex [2]. Un second exemple est la réponse magnétique d'un supraconducteur multibande massif ne correspondant pas à la dichotomie habituelle entre type 1 et type 2. Dans ce régime (appelé de "type 1.5" et observé dans MgB2.
[3]) les vortex sont stables (contrairement au type 1) mais s'agglutinent en clusters et ne forment pas de réseau (contrairement au type 2). Nous prédisons que ce régime peut alterner avec les régimes de type 1 et de type 2 selon la température. De plus les clusters de vortex peuvent présenter des structures exotiques, comme des vortex géants ou des anneaux de vortex, en l'absence de mécanisme de confinement extrinsèque [4].
Liens :MISSINGCPMOH, Bordeaux |
MISSING (INFN, Bologna) | Détails Fermer |
Homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic phases of constrained dipolar bosons le lundi 15 novembre 2010 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We study the emergence of several magnetic phases in dipolar bosonic gases subject to three-body loss mechanism employing numerical simulations based on the density matrix renormalization group(DMRG) algorithm. After mapping the original Hamiltonian in spin language, we find a strong parallelism between the bosonic theory and the spin-1 Heisenberg model with single ion anisotropy and long-range interactions. A rich phase diagram, including ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and non-local ordered phases, emerges in the half-filled one-dimensional case, and is preserved even in presence of a trapping potential. Liens :MISSINGINFN, Bologna |
MISSING (LITEN, CEA Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Deformation of nanotubes/graphene by a transverse electric field - Atomistic simulations le lundi 25 octobre 2010 à 11:00 |
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Liens :MISSINGLITEN, CEA Grenoble |
MISSING (Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Helsinki) | Détails Fermer |
Toward robust geometric quantum computing le lundi 18 octobre 2010 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Geometric quantum computing is a branch is of quantum computation in which the manipulation of quantum states is performed by means of geometric phases (Berry and Wilczek-Zee phases). Its main advantage is the robustness against undesired fluctuations of the experimental control field. Still, no successful experiments have been realized so far due to the difficulty in protecting the system from the interaction with the environment. After presenting the key ideas of geometric quantum computing, and the problems in its experimental realization, I will discuss from a theoretical point of view the proposal of a new implementation based on superconducting circuits. The main advantage of the proposed set-up is that the quantum system is always kept in a degenerate ground space. In view of recent results, which have proved that the ground state quantum evolution is robust against decoherence effects, this seems a good candidate toward the implementation of robust geometric quantum computing. Currently, experiments run at Aalto University aim at testing our theoretical models. Liens :MISSINGDepartment of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Helsinki |
MISSING (Karlsruhe Universität) | Détails Fermer |
The effect of a local perturbation in a fermionic ladder le lundi 11 octobre 2010 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk, I will review the effect of a local impurity on a single-channel one dimensional quantum wire (the Kane-Fisher problem), and will show how this can be extended to ladder (two-channel) models with counter-intuitive results. For repulsive interaction we find that transport properties of the system are highly sensitive to the transverse gradient of the perturbation: the asymmetric part completely reflects the electrons leading to vanishing conductance at zero temperature, while the flat potential remains transparent. Liens :MISSINGKarlsruhe Universität |
MISSING (UJF, CEA Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Inhomogeneous superfluid phases of spatially separated trapped fermions le lundi 04 octobre 2010 à 11:00 |
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Liens :MISSINGUJF, CEA Grenoble |
MISSING (University of Sydney) | Détails Fermer |
Cavities in Photonic Crystals: a Perturbation Theory Approach le lundi 20 septembre 2010 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I will discuss the application of perturbation theory to finding analytic and semi-analytic estimates for the frequency and fields of modes associated with a defect in a photonic crystal. I will begin with the case of a point defect, for which the difference between the frequency of the defect mode and the band-edge is given by a simple exponential law. I will then go on to more complicated defects , for which the well-known Luttinger-Kohn model for electron wavefunctions associated with defects in semiconductors is adapted to derive the envelope function of the photonic defect modes. This envelope is given by a differential equation, which may be solved numerically, or estimated in closed form in simple cases. I will discuss the application of this to waveguides and double-heterostructure cavities in photonic crystals. Liens :MISSINGUniversity of Sydney |
MISSING (Université Autonome, Madrid, Espagne) | Détails Fermer |
Pseudodiffusive transmission of Dirac fermions through a d-wave superconducto le lundi 13 septembre 2010 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We calculate the transmission of electrons and holes between two normal-metal electrodes, separated by a superconductor with d-wave symmetry. Nodal lines of vanishing excitation gap form ballistic conduction channels for coupled electron-hole excitations, described by an anisotropic Dirac equation. The transmitted electrical and thermal currents, at zero energy, both have the pseudodiffusive scaling characteristic of massless Dirac fermions - regardless of the presence of tunnel barriers. Tunnel barriers leave the thermal current unaffected and reduce the slope of the scaling in the case of electrical current. Liens : |
MISSING (BEC Trento, Italie) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum interferometry and entanglement le vendredi 25 juin 2010 à 09:30 |
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Résumé : In this course we will study how entanglement can impact our current understanding of interferometry and can be exploited for ultra-precise metrology and sensors. The main topics discussed during the lectures are: Liens : |
MISSING (BEC Trento, Italie) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum interferometry and entanglement le jeudi 24 juin 2010 à 09:30 |
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Résumé : In this course we will study how entanglement can impact our current understanding of interferometry and can be exploited for ultra-precise metrology and sensors. The main topics discussed during the lectures are: Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum and semiclassical theories of random lasing in cold atomic gases le lundi 21 juin 2010 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We present an ab initio description of random lasing in cold atomic gases, based on quantum Langevin equations. Statistical analysis of various properties, like the laser threshold, is performed for different pumping schemes (pumping through a third level or lasing without inversion in a cloud of two-level atoms), in the semi-classical framework but without using the diffusion approximation. The properties of the random laser are shown to be related to the eigenvalue distribution of a special class of non-Hermitian Euclidean random matrices. We show how the atomic response and disorder combine to give rise to different lasing mechanisms. By tuning the pump at fixed disorder we can move from a diffusive to an interference-based random laser. And by modifying the disorder strength, various regimes of light propagation (diffusion, Anderson localization, superradiance) can be investigated on the same footing. |
MISSING (BEC Trento, Italie) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum interferometry and entanglement le lundi 21 juin 2010 à 09:30 |
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Résumé : In this course we will study how entanglement can impact our current understanding of interferometry and can be exploited for ultra-precise metrology and sensors. The main topics discussed during the lectures are: Liens : |
MISSING (BEC Trento, Italie) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum interferometry and entanglement le samedi 19 juin 2010 à 08:30 |
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Résumé : In this course we will study how entanglement can impact our current understanding of interferometry and can be exploited for ultra-precise metrology and sensors. The main topics discussed during the lectures are: Liens : |
MISSING (BEC Trento, Italie) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum interferometry and entanglement le vendredi 18 juin 2010 à 09:30 |
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Résumé : In this course we will study how entanglement can impact our current understanding of interferometry and can be exploited for ultra-precise metrology and sensors. The main topics discussed during the lectures are: Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Weak chaos in the disordered nonlinear Schroedinger chain: destruction of Anderson localization by Arnold diffusion le lundi 07 juin 2010 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The subject of this study is the long-time equilibration dynamics of a strongly disordered one-dimensional chain of coupled weakly anharmonic classical oscillators. It is shown that the chaotic component of the system's motion can be represented as a dilute gas of chaotic spots. Each chaotic spot corresponds to a stochastic pump which drives the Arnold diffusion of the oscillators surrounding it, thus leading to their relaxation and thermalization. The most important mechanism of relaxation at long distances is provided by random migration of the chaotic spots along the chain, which bears analogy with variable-range hopping of electrons in strongly disordered solids. |
MISSING (LGIT, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Rétrodiffusion cohérente : effets de symétrie dans les cavités simples le lundi 31 mai 2010 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Le cône de rétrodiffusion classiquement introduit dans les milieux aléatoires ou les cavités chaotiques, peut aussi être observé dans des cavités simples (cavité 1D, rectangulaire ou parallélépipédique). Dans ces cavités la surintensité à la source peut être calculée analytiquement et dépend de la dimensionnalité d suivant une loi de puissance : (3/2)d. Des données expérimentales et numériques confirment cette dépendance qui n'existe pas dans les cavités chaotiques. La simplicité des cavités permet de nouvelles interprétations balistiques expliquant la formule précédente : à un chemin acoustique peut être associé zéro ou plusieurs chemins de même longueur donnant lieu à des interférences constructives. Pour appuyer l'étude de la statistique des rayons et de leurs interférences, une approche modale a été développée, ces deux modèles permettent de comprendre quantitativement la dépendance dimensionnelle de la surintensité. Par ailleurs, ces outils ainsi que des mesures expérimentales ont permis de mettre en évidence des zones de surintensité en dehors de la source. En effet la symétrie spatiale dans ces cavités est transmise à la multidiffusion et donne naissance à des points, des lignes et des plans de surintensité situés sur des zones de symétrie de la source. De plus ces zones particulières deviennent aussi le lieu de sous-intensité si des conditions aux limites différentes viennent créer une antisymétrie. Celle-ci est alors responsable d'interférences destructives créant des zones de sous-intensité dont la valeur dépend de la dimension à travers la relation suivante: (1/2)d. Une observation expérimentale de sous-intensité est obtenue dans un guide d'onde acoustique. Liens :LGIT, Grenoble |
MISSING (Laboratoire de physique des solides, Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Bose-Fermi mixtures in a 1D disordered potential le lundi 17 mai 2010 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We analyze an interacting Bose-Fermi mixture in a 1D disordered potential using a combination of renormalization group and variational methods. We obtain the complete phase diagram of this system for parameters of experimental relevance as a function of bosonic and inter-species interaction strengths, in the weak disorder limit. Superfluid correlations are enhanced by the Bose-Fermi interaction and compete with backscattering on disorder. The system is thus characterized by several phase transitions between superfluid and various glassy insulating states, including a new Bose-Fermi glass phase, where both species are coupled and localized. The dynamical response of the system depends on whether one or both species are pinned by disorder. The dynamical structure factor, as measured through Bragg scattering experiments, can distinguish between the various localized phases and probe their dynamics. |
MISSING (Université de Francfort) | Détails Fermer |
Parametric pumping and kinetics of magnons in dipolar ferromagnets le lundi 26 avril 2010 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The time evolution of magnons subject to a time-dependent microwave field is usually described within the so-called “S-theory”, where kinetic equations for the distribution function are obtained within the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation. To explain the recent observation of “Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons” in an external microwave field [Demokritov et al., Nature 443, 430 (2006)], we extend the “S-theory” to include the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the time-dependent expectation values of the magnon creation and annihilation operators. We explicitly solve the resulting coupled equations within a simple approximation where only a single condensed mode is retained. |
MISSING (Université de Nottingham) | Détails Fermer |
Multifractal eigenfunctions in random matrix ensembles le lundi 29 mars 2010 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Random matrix models is an efficient tool to study the Anderson metal-insulator transition. In this talk we focus on two such models: the power-law banded random matrices and the ultrametric random matrices. Using the weak disorder virial expansion we show how the multifractal critical exponents can be calculated analytically. Relations between different critical exponents, universality of the results as well as some open problems are discussed. |
MISSING (LPTMC Jussieu) | Détails Fermer |
Réductions dimensionelles et problèmes à petit nombre de corps dans les atomes froids le lundi 22 mars 2010 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : La possibilité de pouvoir ajuster de manière quasiment arbitraire la force des interactions ainsi que la géométrie des pièges dans les gaz d'atomes ultra-froids a rendu possible la réalisation de systèmes dans des dimensions réduites (quasi-1D ou quasi-2D) et/ou dans des régimes résonants aussi bien pour des bosons que pour des fermions. Ces systèmes caractérisés par des corrélations importantes ont un caractère transdisciplinaire (on peut penser par exemple au gaz de Tonks pour lequel il existe un mapping entre des bosons 1D fortement corrélés et des fermions sans interaction). Un autre exemple concerne le problème à petit nombre de corps qui est aussi un sujet standard en physique nucléaire. En ce qui concerne les atomes froids, les propriétés des systèmes à petits nombres de corps permettent d'analyser non seulement les pertes observées dans les gaz atomiques mais encore de mettre en évidence des états ayant un caractère 'universel'. Ainsi, les états liés à trois-corps apparaissant dans un régime résonant (états d'Efimov') ont été observés pour la première fois dans un gaz d'atomes de Césium. Dans ce séminaire, nous montrerons comment les interactions effectives dans les dimensions réduites émergent des propriétés de diffusion tridimensionnelles en utilisant une approche asymptotique. Cette même formulation apparaît comme un moyen simple pour trouver un famille d'états liés à trois-corps 'universel' en géométrie bidimensionnelle. Enfin, revenant à la géométrie tridimensionnelle, nous introduisons une approche plus réaliste permettant de modéliser les déviations à l'universalité pour les états d'Efimov observés dans le gaz atomique de Césium. Liens :MISSINGLPTMC Jussieu |
MISSING (Centre de physique théorique, Marseille) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le mardi 09 février 2010 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Depuis qu'en 1995 les expérimentateurs sont capables d'observer les condensats pour des atomes froids (Rubidium 87, Sodium 23, Lithium 7 etc), plusieurs expériences portent sur l'observation de condensats dans des systè mes dits quasi-uni-dimensionnels [1] et quasi-bi-dimensionnels [2] produit par forte anisotropie des pièges confinant le gaz. Pour ces systèmes certaines propriétés physiques des condensats changent à cause de cette anisotropie. Les mesures indiquent notamment une modification de la longueur de cohérence spatiale et en impulsion ainsi que l'existence d'une seconde température critique séparant deux régimes dits quasicondensats (caractérisés par la fluctuation de phase) et condensat usuel (sur l'état fondamental) [1]. |
MISSING (Low temperature laboratory, University of Helsinki) | Détails Fermer |
Performance improvements of a single-electron turnstile le lundi 25 janvier 2010 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : A single-electron turnstile is a novel candidate for obtaining charge
pumping with a high accuracy [1]. Yet, the device is simple enough for
parallel operation which enables higher output currents needed in
applications. First, I will present parallel operation of ten pumps
yielding high enough output current for the quantum metrological triangle
experiment. Liens :MISSINGLow temperature laboratory, University of Helsinki |
MISSING (Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe) | Détails Fermer |
Weak measurements and weak values in solid state systems le lundi 14 décembre 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The measurement of any observable in quantum mechanics is described by the
projection postulate. As opposed to projective (strong) measurements, it is
possible to define weak quantum measurements, which, while weakly disturbing
the system, provide only partial information on the state of the system itself.
A remarkably effect in this context is the appearance of "weak values" [1] as a
result of a two-step measurement procedure --weak measurement followed by a
strong one, where the outcome of the first measurement is kept provided a
second post-selected outcome occurs. Weak values may lie well beyond the range
of strong values and are, generally, complex. They have proven to be a
remarkable concept in addressing fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics, they
can shed light on correlations between quantum measurements, and can lead to
remarkable applications to metrology. We have recently addressed the
measurement of weak values in solid state physics.
Here I review some of the ideas associated with weak values. I will present the
first proposal to observe weak values in a solid state system by measuring the
weak value of electron spin in a double quantum dot. I will further discuss the
generalization of weak values to many-body systems and the realization of their
full tomography in an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The role of
decoherence and the crossover between weak and strong values will be also
discussed. Liens :MISSINGInstitut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe |
MISSING (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Triple photons : a challenge in non linear and quantum optics towards a new state of light le lundi 19 octobre 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Quantum mechanically, triple photons generation (TPG) is the most direct way to produce pure quantum states of light, whose statistics goes beyond the usual Gaussian one associated with coherent sources and optical parametric twin-photon generators. Indeed calculations showed that the simultaneous birth of three photons is at the origin of intrinsic three-body quantum properties such as three-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) quantum entanglement. We made the first experimental demonstration of triple photon in a KTP crystal pumped at λ0 = 532 nm. However, it was necessary to stimulate the nonlinear process by using two incident photons at λ2 = λ3 = 1665 nm. Few attempts had been made in the past ten years prior to our work, but without any success : these failures were due to the weak magnitude of the third order electric susceptibility, and to the fact that the corresponding processes cannot be simply deduced from a simple analogy with second order interactions. We conceived a triple photons generator which reliability and efficiency are suited for quantum correlations studies. But now, the goal of the next step is to give prominence to the correlations between the three photons of the triple, the chosen protocols necessarily allowing the triple and stimulation photons to be discriminated. For that, we are considering experiments based on the recombination of the generated photons in a nonlinear crystal, as it had been done in the case of twin photons. Liens :MISSINGInstitut Néel |
MISSING (Université de Padoue) | Détails Fermer |
Joespehson effect in one- and two-components Bose-Einstein condensates le lundi 12 octobre 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In this work, we study the atomic counterpart of the Josephson effect which occurs in superconductive junctions. We analyze the atomic Josephson junctions (AJJs). As first, we review the case with a single bosonic component. Then, we extend our analysis to the presence of two bosonic components. In both the cases, we proceed from the three-dimensional (3D) Lagrangian. From this Lagrangian, we derive the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equations (GPEs) both for the single and two component cases. By using the two-mode approximation, we show that the temporal evolution of the fractional imbalances (z) and relative phases of each bosonic component can be described by a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We numerically solve the GPEs and the ODEs. In particular, for two bosonic components AJJs, we show that, under certain conditions, a good agreement exists between the GPEs predictions and the ones deriving from the ODEs. By analyzing the ODEs for the two bosonic components AJJs, we perform the stability analysis around the points which preserve the z-symmetry and get an analytical formula for the oscillation frequency around. In particular, within the analysis of the ODEs solutions, we show that when the amplitude of the two body inter-species interaction is greater than a certain crossover value, the fractional imbalances show oscillations around a non zero time averaged value. This phenomenon - well-known in the case of single bosonic component AJJs- is named macroscopic quantum self-trapping (MQST). As in the previous case we search for equilibrium configurations, finding the existence of stable points that are not z-symmetric; then we determine analytical formulas for the oscillation's frequencies around them. Beyond this analytical analysis we extend the model, find a set of more complex equations, and numerically solve it. Then we make a comparison between the solutions of each set of equations (GPEs and ODEs) to estimate the accuracy of ODEs model. Liens : |
MISSING (Institut d'optique, Palaiseau) | Détails Fermer |
Anderson localization of matterwaves in speckle potentials le mercredi 30 septembre 2009 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : In 1958, P.W. Anderson predicted the exponential localization [1] of electronic wave functions in
disordered solids, and the resulting absence of diffusion. It has been realized later that Anderson
localization is ubiquitous in wave physics [2] as it originates from the
interference between multiple
scattering paths, and this has prompted an intense activity to observe it with
light waves, microwaves, sound waves, and electron gases, but there was no direct observation of exponential spatial localization of matterwaves (electrons or others). |
MISSING (Quantum optics and laser science, Imperial College) | Détails Fermer |
QED le jeudi 10 septembre 2009 à 14:00 |
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Liens :MISSINGQuantum optics and laser science, Imperial College |
MISSING (Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm, Sweden) | Détails Fermer |
Intermodulation Atomic Force Microscopy le jeudi 27 août 2009 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for mapping the topography of a wide variety of surfaces at the nanometer scale, from insulators to conductors, both soft and hard matter. Beyond topography mapping, the surface analysis power of the AFM lies in it's ability to measure tip- surface forces. Today such force measurements are done in a quasi-static way. However, the most sensitive AFM imaging methods are dynamic techniques which exploit a cantilever resonance. Presently there is great interest in the AFM community to develop dynamic AFM methods which can extract the tip-surface forces. I will discuss these developments and our solution to this problem, which is based on the intermodulation of two pure drive tones. When the linearity of the oscillating cantilever is perturbed by the nonlinear tip-surface forces, an intermodulation spectrum is generated in cantilever response. A perturbation analysis of of the nonlinear oscillator shows how this spectrum contains the information needed to extract the nonlinear tip-surface force. Liens :MISSINGRoyal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm, Sweden |
MISSING (University of Wisconsin) | Détails Fermer |
Penetration depth and critical current in pnictide superconductors le jeudi 16 juillet 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We apply a multi-band model of ferropnictide superconductors to the analysis of transport properties in the superconducting state. We show that the effect of non-magnetic impurities on ferropnictide superconductors is essentially similar to the effect of magnetic impurities on an ordinary s-wave superconductor. We evaluate the temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth and critical current in ferropnictides. The computed superfluid density is consistent with recently observed power-law temperature dependence of the penetration depth in BaFe2As2. We also discuss alternative mechanisms of the power-law behavior of the penetration depth. |
MISSING (Quantum optics laboratory) | Détails Fermer |
Collapse and revival of two quantum oscillators le vendredi 19 juin 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The quantum collapse and revival of two radiators is an interesting problem due to the restoration possibilities of initially separated states of atom and electromagnetic field. We propose a theoretical model that describes the possibility of states restoration of a three-level atom interacting with one(two) mode(s) of the electromagnetic cavity field. The cases when the atom and field states are in resonance and off-resonance are investigated. As follows from our results, one can conclude that the full restoration is difficult to achieve. We find the conditions at which the atom and the cavity field restore all diagonal elements of density operator. This is possible only for the case when the transit time through the micro-cavity strongly satisfies the reversible condition. In order to obtain this condition the recursion relation between the decomposition coefficients of the wave functions on the Fock states is established. One demonstrates that in the non-resonant case the coupled phases between two subsystems remain correlated after the interaction process. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
From the cavity laser with cold-atoms to the random laser le mercredi 17 juin 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We present a theoretical model to explain the gain and the lasing processes with cold atoms confined in the cavity and compare some of the results with the experimental data discussed in [1]. Based on some ideas of this model we propose to develop further an adequate theory for random lasers.
We have studied the Mollow gain mechanism for the lasing process with the cold atoms in the cavity by considering the dressed-states formalism for the two-level atoms. As a result we derived the semi-classical kinetic equations for quantum-mechanical expectation values of operators which describe the coupled system of atoms and modes of the electromagnetic field. By solving these equations we are able to analyze in details the properties of the light, as well the atoms. For example we studied
the dynamics of the lasing and found any regimes of chaotic behaviour
that present fundamental and application interests. Also we investigated the region of the threshold of lasing, calculated by different methods and found good concordance between the obtained results, that confirm the adequacy of the considered approaches.
The next step in our investigations is the proposal of the consistent approach for the process of random lasing by using the similarities with the physics of the lasing in the cavity, i.e. to develop and solve the master equation for the system of two-level atoms with pumping without the cavity and considering the multi-scattering processes between the atoms and gain mechanism respectively. Concerning to this problem we present the general methodology and anticipate some results since the study is still in progressing. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Current-phase relation and metastability of a SSET coupled to a mechanical oscillator le lundi 08 juin 2009 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : We consider a superconducting single electrons transistor (SSET) coupled to a mechanical degree of freedom in the quantum regime. When the coupling between the oscillator and the SSET exceeds a threshold, the mechanical oscillator modifies strongly the current-phase relation of the SSET. In the semiclassical limit, a bistable and hysteretic behavior of the device is predicted. This is the analogous of the so called Frank-Condon blockade predicted and recently observed for a normal metal SET. We study in some details the behavior of the metastable state of the system, and the decay rate to the foundamental state. The decoherence prevents the decay in the semiclassical limit (Zeno effect), validating the semiclassical picture. When the quantum of oscillator can be resolved we study the decay time near an avoided crossing of the two relevant quantum levels within a quantum master equation approach. We find that the supercurrent will depend on time and can be used to measure the decay time of the mechanical state. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Dynamic conductance fluctuations le mardi 26 mai 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Disordered conductors are known to exhibit sample-to-sample fluctuations
of the static conductance [1]. These fluctuations are due to interference
effects which take place during the coherent multiple scattering of
electrons inside the conductor, and therefore lie in the heart of
mesoscopic physics. We studied time-dependent sample-to-sample conductance fluctuations of a system with static disorder and irradiated by a short time pulse, by means of diagrammatic theory and microwave pulsed
transmission measurements. The fluctuations of time-dependent conductance are not universal, i.e., depend on sample parameters, in contrast to the
steady-state case. The variance of normalized conductance is found to
increase as a third power of delay time t from an exciting pulse [2]. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Probing mesoscopic superpositions in Bose-Josephson junctions le lundi 04 mai 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A single Josephson junction has been experimentally implemented with ultracold bosonic gases by confining atoms in a double-well trap. While the first experiments were performed in the classical limit, i.e. are well described by the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation, there is an increasing interest in exploring the quantum regime both theoretically and experimentally. I will report on our theoretical work on the dynamics of a mesoscopic Bose-Josephson junction. For a constant number of atoms, we give a fully quantum description of the junction in terms of a simple spin-boson model, which allows to determine its ground state properties, its momentum distribution as well as its dynamical evolution. After a sudden rise of the barrier between the two wells, an initially phase-coherent state evolves into a coherent superposition of phase states - a Schroedinger's cat state. We propose a strategy to observe such “ phase cats ” : we show that their phase distribution is related to the full probability distribution of the spin-boson operator Jx; such probability distribution, which can be obtained by repeated measurements of Jx, can distinguish between coherent superpositions and incoherent mixtures of phase states. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Optical disorder in a Bose-Einstein condensate released from a trap le lundi 27 avril 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We present our results concerning the effect of optical disorder potentiel on the expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate released from a trap. Using the self-consistent Born approximation, we determine the microscopic transport parameters that are neccessary to describe the diffusion process of the atomic gas in optical speckle. Our results shows that the self-consistent Born approximation introduces significant modifications in the spectral function and in the energy distribution of the atoms. We need then to calculate a current density which given by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Photon noise in a random laser amplifier with fluctuating properties le mardi 21 avril 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We present a theoretical study of light propagation in an amplifying random medium (random laser amplifier) with fluctuating properties. A simple example of such a medium is a suspension of Brownian particles in a laser dye. Noise in the number of photocounts measured by an ideal, fast photodetector, illuminated by a single-mode light emerging from the medium is investigated. General expressions for the normalized variance and autocorrelation function of photocount fluctuations are derived. For weak amplification, the result is similar to the one found in the absence of amplification. For strong amplification or in the absence of external illumination, the amplified spontaneous emission of the random medium dominates the signal. Variance of photocount number that we find in this case exhibits a series of interesting features, which allows us to make a link between physics of random amplifying media and Anderson localization. Useful information about the motion of scattering centers in the medium can be obtained by studying statistical properties of the amplified spontaneous emission. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum theory for Casimir momentum le mardi 24 mars 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : A full quantum calculation is presented for the Casimir momentum, using second order perturbation theory. Casimir momentum refers to the momentum that appears when matter couples to electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations. We consider an harmonic dipole, whose magneto-electric activity is governed by external applied fields. We show that the Casimir momentum is non-zero and finite, and we give quantitative estimates. |
MISSING (University of Birmingham) | Détails Fermer |
Mobile impurities in 1D quantum liquids: Bloch oscillations and dissipation le lundi 09 mars 2009 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Dynamical properties of impurity particles immersed in a 1D quantum liquid are strongly modified by the interactions. The collective nature of the excitations manifests itself in periodic dispersion typical for lattices and may lead to Bloch oscillations. Experiments with ultracold atoms are currently underway to observe this phenomenon. At the same time the quantum and thermal fluctuations always present in quantum liquids provide a mechanism for dissipation and lead to viscous friction force acting on the moving impurity. A naive estimate shows that typically the dissipation is rather large and may even prevent observation of Bloch oscillations. We evaluate viscosity in terms of the quantum fluid parameters and show how the dissipation is drastically suppressed for nearly integrable systems due to quantum interference. |
MISSING (LPTMS Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Compétition entre la superfluidité et la localisation d'Anderson dans les condensats de Bose-Einstein le lundi 09 mars 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Le développement des techniques de manipulation cohérente d'atomes permet d'étudier sur des vapeurs atomiques des propriétés de transport spécifiques aux systèmes quantiques (comme la localisation d'Anderson, les oscillations de Bloch, la quantification de la conductance...). Les systèmes condensés de Bose-Einstein sont particulièrement intéressants pour cette problématique car ils ont une cohérence de phase quasi parfaite, et l'interaction entre leurs composants peut être facilement controlée (et modélisée).
Liens :MISSINGLPTMS Orsay |
MISSING (DPMC, Université de Genève) | Détails Fermer |
Dynamical properties of one-dimensional itinerant ferromagnets le lundi 02 mars 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I will discuss how spin and charge excitations propagate in one-dimensional quantum systems whose ground state is ferromagnetic. In particular, I will derive the propagator of transverse spin waves and analyze the structure of the magnon peak in the corresponding spectral function. To do so I will employ several analytical methods: bosonization, integrability, and first quantized path integrals formalism. Some of the obtained results do not have analogues in known low-energy universality classes of quantum 1D systems. |
MISSING (ETH Zürich) | Détails Fermer |
Non-equilibrium many-body physics with optical systems le lundi 23 février 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Several recent experiments have provided evidence for the appearance of macroscopic coherence in optical systems with a spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism which is the non-equilibrium analog of the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transtion. Liens :MISSINGETH Zürich |
MISSING (Dipartimento di Fisica G. Galilei - Universita di Padova) | Détails Fermer |
Hidden order in bosonic gases confined in one dimensional optical lattices le lundi 09 février 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We analyze the effective Hamiltonian arising from a suitable power series expansion of the overlap integrals of Wannier functions for confined bosonic atoms in a 1d optical lattice. For certain constraints between the coupling constants, we construct an explicit relation between such an effective bosonic Hamiltonian and the integrable spin-S anisotropic Heisenberg model. Therefore the former results to be integrable by construction. The field theory is governed by an anisotropic non linear σ-model with singlet and triplet massive excitations; such a result holds also in the generic on-integrable cases. The criticality of the bosonic system is investigated. The schematic phase diagram is drawn. Our study is shedding light on the hidden symmetry of the Haldane type for one dimensional bosons. Liens :Dipartimento di Fisica G. Galilei - Universita di Padova |
MISSING (LKB) | Détails Fermer |
Propagation of Light in a Periodic Ultracold Atomic System le lundi 02 février 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We study the propagation of light in a periodic system of atoms located in the lowest vibrational state of an optical lattice. The proper modes of the atomic gas interacting via the electromagnetic field is analytically investigated by taking into account both the quantum atomic motion and the vectorial character of the light. We show that the atomic motion naturally leads to a divergency free electrodynamic model, and that the photonic spectrum is gapless. |
MISSING (Centre for Quantum Technologies, Université de Singapour) | Détails Fermer |
Fermionization of a strongly interacting Bose-Fermi mixture in a one-dimensional harmonic trap le lundi 26 janvier 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We consider a strongly interacting one-dimensional (1D) Bose-Fermi mixture confined in a harmonic trap. It consists of a Tonks-Girardeau (TG) gas (1D Bose gas with repulsive hard-core interactions) and of a non-interacting Fermi gas (1D spin-aligned Fermi gas), both species interacting through hard-core repulsive interactions. Using a generalized Bose-Fermi mapping, we determine the exact particle density profiles, momentum distributions and behaviour of the mixture under 1D expansion when opening the trap. In real space, bosons and fermions do not display any phase separation: the respective density profiles extend over the same region and they both present a number of peaks equal to the total number of particles in the trap. In momentum space the bosonic component has the typical narrow TG profile, while the fermionic component shows a broad distribution with fermionic oscillations at small momenta. Due to the large boson-fermion repulsive interactions, both the bosonic and the fermionic momentum distributions decay as C p-4 at large momenta, like in the case of a pure bosonic TG gas. The coefficient C is related to the two-body density matrix and to the bosonic concentration in the mixture. When opening the trap, both momentum distributions "fermionize" under expansion and turn into that of a Fermi gas with a particle number equal to the total number of particles in the mixture. Liens :MISSINGCentre for Quantum Technologies, Université de Singapour |
MISSING (LPMCN, Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
Glissement de vitesse et de température aux interfaces liquide-solide le lundi 19 janvier 2009 à 11:00 |
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Liens :MISSINGLPMCN, Lyon |
MISSING (Institut Fourier, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Introduction au chaos quantique. Résurgence d'un paquet d'onde. le lundi 12 janvier 2009 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Le chaos quantique est l'étude de l'évolution d'une onde piégée dans une cavité chaotique. Son comportement est complexe à cause de phénomènes de dispersion et d'interférences créés par l'instabilité des trajectoires. Nous donnerons une introduction au chaos quantique à travers des exemples physiques et des modèles mathématiques simples. Nous présentons les temps caractéristiques et quelques phénomènes associés, comme le temps d'Ehrenfest TE, très court et à partir duquel les phénomènes d'interférences complexes se produisent ; le théorème d'ergodicité quantique de Schnirelmann concernant l'équidistribution des ondes stationnaires ; la théorie des matrices aléatoires, qui est une approche statistique heuristique, et qui concerne les temps longs. On présentera un exemple étonnant (et exceptionnel) de résurgence exacte d'un paquet d'onde à la date 2*TE et ses conséquences comme l'existence d'ondes stationnaires non équidistribuées. On mentionnera quelques problèmes ouverts, du côté physique et mathématique. |
MISSING (Département de physique théorique, Université de Genève) | Détails Fermer |
Electron-electron interaction effect in quantum point contacts le lundi 15 décembre 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The effect of electron-electron interactions on the transport properties of a quantum point contact (QPC) is considered. The basic point is that a QPC breaks translational invariance and therefore the electron-electron interaction process does not have to conserve momentum. This leads to a suppression of the current though the QPC. At low temperatures or bias voltages, the suppression is found perturbatively, but at higher temperatures or bias voltages perturbation theory breaks down. Therefore, we use a numerical self-consistent non-equilibrium Green's function approach to reach this regime for a simplified model. Liens :MISSINGDépartement de physique théorique, Université de Genève |
MISSING (Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad) | Détails Fermer |
Transport through superconducting junction of multiple one-dimensional quantum wires le jeudi 04 décembre 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We investigate transport properties of a superconducting junction of one-dimensional quantum wires. We include the effect of electron-electron interaction within the one-dimensional quantum wires using a weak interaction renormalization group (WIRG) procedure. Due to the proximity effect, transport across the junction occurs via direct tunneling as well as via crossed Andreev channel. We find that the fixed point structure of this system is far more rich than the fixed point structure of a normal metal-superconductor (NS) junction, where we only have two fixed points - the fully insulating fixed point or the Andreev fixed point. Even a two wire system with a superconducting junction ie a normal metal-superconductor-normal metal (NSN) structure, has non-trivial fixed points with intermediate transmissions and reflections. We demonstrate possible scenarios for production of pure spin current through such junctions and show that there are fixed points in the theory which correspond to the case of pure spin current. We have also shown that (a) effects due to inclusion of electron-electron interaction induced back-scattering in the wire, and (b) competition between the charge transport via the electron and hole channels across the junction give rise to a non-monotonic behavior of subgap conductance as a function of temperature. |
MISSING (Laboratoire MPQ, Université Paris Diderot) | Détails Fermer |
An interacting quantum impurity far from equilibrium le lundi 1er décembre 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : "Quantum impurity models", describing a tiny structure coupled to macroscopic
ones, are having a second life. They are indeed well adapted to the description of situations where nanostructures are connected to macroscopic electronic reservoirs, a flourishing experimental field.
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MISSING (LPS Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Atomes ultra-froids sur un réseau optique en échelle le lundi 24 novembre 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : La réalisation expérimentale de réseaux optiques permet une étude approfondie de phases fortement corrélées dans les systèmes d'atomes froids. La dimensionnalité, l'intensité de l'effet tunnel comme celle des interactions sont autant de paramètres aisément contrôlables. De nombreux modèles théoriques, traditionnellement appliqués à la physique des solides, trouvent ici un nouveau champ d'application. Nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés à l'étude d'un système d'atomes froids sur un réseau en forme d'échelle. Les échelles sont des systèmes quasi unidimensionnel ayant un diagramme de phase très riche, en fonction du champ magnétique et du remplissage. Je présenterai le calcul de plusieurs signatures expérimentales susceptibles d'être observées lors de mesures des corrélations de densité sur le nuage atomique, après relaxation du piège. Liens :LPS Orsay |
MISSING (University of Illinois) | Détails Fermer |
Mesoscopic 1x1 S matrices in the time domain le lundi 17 novembre 2008 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Consider a disordered medium at finite temperature, and the incoherent reflection of an impulse in and out through a single channel. An ensemble of such reflections r(t) may be constructed using simple thermodynamic arguments. In the absence of inelastic interior processes, such a reflection would be interpreted as a coherent 1x1 S-matrix, S(t), with the usual properties of causality and unitarity. It is amusing to imagine identifying the ensemble of such S matrices that, when garbled by inelastic
scatterings, would lead to the stated ensemble of incoherent reflections
r(t). If this could be done, we would then have a procedure for constructing maximum entropy S matrices (and therefore Greens functions too) and determining the corresponding features of mesoscopic transport and diffusion in systems with arbitrary internal structure.
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MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Probing correlation effects in 1D systems via quantum Monte Carlo methods le lundi 20 octobre 2008 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : The interplay between strong correlation and quantum fluctuations makes one
dimensional (1D) systems very peculiar. Although a strict 1D system is an
ideal case, recently it has been possible to reach and probe 1D physics
both in semiconductor nanodevices and cold atom experiments. I will review
two paradigmatic cases in both fields, namely the localization in parallel
quantum wires[1], and the search for the FFLO state in very elongated traps
with spin imbalance[2]. I will show how a quantum Monte Carlo approach to
study these systems can predict accurately their phase diagram,
particularly when non-homogeneous effects due to the experimental
realization play an important role.
Liens : |
MISSING (LPTMS, Universite Paris Sud) | Détails Fermer |
Many-body physics with quantum gases: exotic superfluids and disordered condensates le lundi 13 octobre 2008 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Recent experiments have shown that cold atoms can be used as toy models to
simulate complicated condensed matter systems, thus improving our understanding in terms of many-body theories. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Microscopics of disordered two-dimensional electron gas under high magnetic fields II le jeudi 02 octobre 2008 à 10:30 |
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MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Microscopics of disordered two-dimensional electron gases under high magnetic fields le vendredi 26 septembre 2008 à 14:00 |
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MISSING (Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg) | Détails Fermer |
Nuclear Spin Dynamics: Implications of Microscopic Chaos le lundi 15 septembre 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Interaction between nuclear spins in solids forces each spin to perform a complicated dance in a time-dependent field created by neighboring spins. This leads to spin-spin relaxation observed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). I briefly discuss the efforts to calculate NMR spin-spin relaxation from first principles, and then argue that the main obstacle to these efforts is the lack of the proper understanding of microscopic chaos. I proceed with presenting a theory, which invokes the notion of chaos and thereby predicts that NMR free induction decay and spin echoes observed in the same system
have identical exponential long-time behavior. This prediction was shown to be quantitatively correct by a very recent NMR experiment on hyperpolarized solid xenon. Such a lack of dependence of the long-time decay on the initial spin configuration reveals a new fundamental property of nuclear spin dynamics in solids. Namely, the quantum time evolution operator of a macroscopic system of nuclear spins 1/2 has isolated eigenmodes, which govern the long-time relaxation towards equilibrium. These eigenmodes decay on the ballistic microscopic timescale. Therefore, their existence cannot be predicted using the standard approximations of statistical physics. Such eigenmodes, however, are very reminiscent of Pollicott-Ruelle resonances in classical chaotic systems, and, in fact, were predicted on the basis of this analogy. Their discovery thus suggests that, even in the situations, when quasi-classical chaotic limit is not tenable, and the spacing between energy levels is not relevant to the observable properties, the notion of microscopic chaos can be defined for isolated many-body quantum systems at the level of Pollicott-Ruelle resonances.
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MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Bose-Einstein condensate speckle in random potential le lundi 08 septembre 2008 à 14:00 |
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Résumé : Recent calculations [1] have shown that the image of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) expanding diffusively in a random potential exhibits a complicated irregular pattern of particle density. This phenomenon is reminiscent to what we know as speckle in optics. We consider a BEC expanding in a quasi-1D waveguide and show that such speckle patterns show up long-range density correlations. These correlations are accessible experimentally and exhibit remarkable features such as a strong enhancement at long times. They can even take negative values for sufficiently distant points [2].
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MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Un modèle d'espace-temps discret le lundi 16 juin 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : La physique dans son ensemble s'est construite sur une hypothèse de continuité de l'espace-temps dont les équations différentielles fondamentales sont l'expression. La tendance est aujourd'hui d'introduire un certain degré de discrétisation, comme dans la théorie des cordes, la théorie de la gravitation quantique à boucle etc. Mais ces tentatives sont basées sur la discrétisation d'un l'espace-temps supposé par ailleurs continu. Dans la présente approche l'univers physique est, dès l'origine, supposé être constitué d'éléments discrets si bien que tout doit être reconstruit, l'espace, le temps, les ondes, les particules etc. Dans ce séminaire on présentera un tel modèle d'univers discret et on discutera des hypothèses qui en forment la base. On évoquera, sans entrer dans les détails, les principales conséquences du modèle, reconstruction de l'espace-temps classique, justification de la mécanique quantique, explication du modèle standard, implications en cosmologie. Liens : |
MISSING (LPT Orsay) | Détails Fermer |
Percer à jour l'interaction forte - La chromodynamique quantique sur réseau le vendredi 13 juin 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Il y a 40 ans se déroulait une révolution scientifique: la fondation du modèle standard de la physique des particules. En son sein la très élégante chromodynamique quantique s'imposait comme la théorie des interactions fortes subnucléaires. Elle décrit le "confinement" des quarks et des gluons dans des états liés, neutres de "couleur", les "hadrons" (protons, neutrons, pions, etc.). A partir des quarks et des gluons elle promet, et souvent permet, de décrire de nombreuses expériences mettant en jeu ces "hadrons". La chromodynamique quantique sur réseau est la méthode de calcul la plus rigoureuse pour déduire les propriétés des hadrons de celles des quarks. Elle repose sur la discrétisation de l'espace-temps et est méthodologiquement proche de la physique statistique. Un petit échantillon de résultats sera montré. Cette discipline demandant de gros moyens de calcul, elle a donné lieu à des innovations dans le domaine des architectures d'ordinateurs. Liens : |
MISSING (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le lundi 02 juin 2008 à 11:00 |
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Liens :MISSINGInstitut Néel |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
The 1D Bose-Hubbard model with a quasi-periodic potential le lundi 26 mai 2008 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : We determine the phase diagram and the momentum distribution for a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model in the presence of an incommensurate potential, by using a combined numerical (DMRG) and analytical (low-energy) analysis. The system displays a delocalized (superfluid) phase at small values of the height V2 of the second lattice and a localized (Bose glass-like) phase at larger strengths of the second lattice. We analyze the localization transition as a function of V2 beyond the known limits of free and hard-core bosons. We also analyze the emergence of a Bose-glass phase by looking at the evolution of the Mott-insulator lobes at varying V2. Finally, we characterize the superfluid phase by the momentum distribution. |
MISSING (LPTMC, UPMC, Jussieu, Paris) | Détails Fermer |
Metal-insulator transition in the two-dimensional fully polarized homogeneous electron gas from Hartree-Fock solutions le mardi 20 mai 2008 à 14:30 |
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Résumé : We determine the ground state of the two-dimensional, fully polarized electron gas within the Hartree-Fock approximation without imposing any particular symmetries on the solutions. At low electronic densities, the Wigner crystal solution is stable, but for higher densities (rs less than ~ 2.6) we obtain a ground state of different symmetry: the charge density forms a triangular lattice with about 11% more sites than electrons. We argue that this conducting state with broken translational symmetry remains the ground state of the high density region in the thermodynamic limit giving rise to a metal to insulator transition. |
MISSING (Department of Physics, University of L'Aquila, Italy) | Détails Fermer |
High pressure hydrogen: new predictions by coupled electron-ion Monte Carlo le lundi 19 mai 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : The physical behaviour of hydrogen under megabar compression is still largely unknown because experimental difficulties prevent a systematic investigation of the phase diagram in the interesting range of pressures and temperatures. Ab-initio theoretical methods have been exploited to interpret the scattered experimental data and to make predictions. However the problem is particularly difficult because the energy scales of several different phenomena, such as electronic correlations, protonic quantum effects, finite size effects in the metallic phase and in the metal-insulator transition region, becomes comparable and need to be considered together in a non perturbative manner. Quantum Monte Carlo methods are unique in their ability to treat all those effects with high accuracy in simple systems. In recent years we have developed a new QMC method, the Coupled Electron-Ion Monte Carlo (CEIMC) [C. Pierleoni and D. M. Ceperley, Lecture Notes in Physics vol 741 pp 641-683 (2006), xxx.lanl.gov/abs/physics/0510254], which is particularly suitable to study hydrogen under high pressure.
Liens :MISSINGDepartment of Physics, University of L'Aquila, Italy |
MISSING (INRIA Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
A computer modeling of the early immune response inside a lymph node le lundi 05 mai 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Lymphnodes play a key role in the development of an appropriate and efficient immune response. Once an pathological entity (Antigen,Ag) is detected inside the host organism it must be presented to specific lymphocytes to trigger, if it is the case, an immune response that gets rid of it. Ag-scanning must be highly efficient: at most in few hours it is necessary to find specific lymphocytes inside a repertoire that includes 106 different receptors. The way Nature organized itself to accomplish this goal represents a charming fine-tuned mechanism, based on a careful balance between diffusion properties, chemotaxis and receptor expression. And the lymphnode is the scene of such mechanisms. Liens :MISSINGINRIA Grenoble |
MISSING (LAPTH (Annecy)) | Détails Fermer |
Hubbard models in gauge theory and in condensed matter le lundi 28 avril 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We construct Hubbard-like models with general symmetries and super-symmetries; these models are integrable. Perturbative calculations in the large coupling regime show the connection with Heisenberg-like spin chains. The same regime is interesting in relation to a particular gauge theory in four dimensions. Integrability allows us to evaluate scattering properties and to work out energy eigenvalues. Methods of nonlinear integral equations are used to perform an accurate study of excitations of the antiferromagnetic vacuum. Liens :MISSINGLAPTH (Annecy) |
MISSING (ENS-Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
Ondes internes de gravité en océanographie physique le lundi 21 avril 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : L'océan est un exemple important de fluides stratifiés, à l'intérieur desquels peuvent se propager des ondes internes de gravité. L'émission et la réflexion de ces ondes sont des mécanismes qu'il est important de comprendre pour expliquer la conversion de l'énergie des marées, ainsi que les processus de mélange observés entre les régions proches des fonds marins et à l'intérieur de l'océan. Ces ondes sont aussi très intéressantes pour le physicien car certaines de leurs propriétés défient notre intuition des phénomènes ondulatoires. Après avoir présenté les propriétés tout à fait inhabituelles de ces ondes ainsi que quelques résultats théoriques que nous avons obtenus, j'illustrerai leurs conséquences à l'aide de plusieurs expériences que nous avons réalisées au laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon ou à la plateforme Coriolis de Grenoble. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Casimir momentum le lundi 14 avril 2008 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : The effects of zero-point fluctuations such as the Van der Waals force or the Casimir force between a plate and a sphere, which is now accurately measured (with the best one is in the Néel lab!), are well known. Recent publications (Feigel, PRL92, 020404) claim that it is possible to transfert momentum from the quantum vacuum fluctuations, to matter and obtain mesurable velocity. We investigate this possibility via the coupling of an electric dipole and the free field in presence of applied crossed fields - to break the symmetries. A semi-classical approach has been done but we need a fully quantum mechanical description to confirm the latest and to validate a future experimental confirmation. |
MISSING (Institute of applied physics, Chisinau, Moldavie) | Détails Fermer |
Multi-quantum processes in quantum optics and condensed matter le mardi 08 avril 2008 à 11:00 |
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MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Coulomb blockade for an oscillating tunnel junction le lundi 31 mars 2008 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : One of the key questions in the field of nano-mechanical systems is the effect of mechanical motion on the electric properties of the devices. In this presentation, We present the case of a tunnel junction formed between a fixed electrode and an oscillating one. Accumulation of the charge on the junction capacitor induces a force on the nano-mechanical oscillator. The junction is voltage-biased and connected in series with an impedance. We discuss how the picture of Coulomb blockade is modified by the presence of the oscillator. Quantum fluctuations of the mechanical oscillator modify the I-V characteristics particularly in the strong Coulomb blockade limit. We show that the oscillator can be taken into account by a simple modification of the effective impedance of the circuit. We discuss in some details the case of a single inductance and of a constant resistance. With little modifications the theory applies also to incoherent transport in Josephson junctions in the tunneling limit. |
MISSING (Institut Carnot, Université de Bourgogne) | Détails Fermer |
Control of atomic and molecular processes by designed external fields: From adiabatic to ultrashort pulse strategies le vendredi 07 mars 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : I present tools and strategies for the control of atomic and molecular processes by external fields, such as laser and cavity fields, with parameters specifically designed to achieve particular goals. Applications to selective population transfer, tunneling effect, alignment of molecules, and quantum information processing are addressed. Liens :MISSINGInstitut Carnot, Université de Bourgogne |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Quenching of moment of inertia in superfluid rotating fermions in traps le jeudi 06 mars 2008 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : In view of upcoming experimental determination of moment of inertia of rotating superfluid fermions at Innsbruck, I want to report on our work on this subject. We use a semiclassical approach to calculate currents and moment of inertia in such systems. A rich structure going from rigid rotation to ideal fluid flow is observed as a function of temperature and/or size of the system. The density profile of the superfluid component is determined. At low temperatures, due to superfluidity, the moment of inertia turns out to be quenched with respect to its rigid body value. |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Properties of tunnel Josephson junctions with a ferromagnetic interlayer le lundi 25 février 2008 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : We investigate superconductor / insulator / ferromagnet / superconductor (SIFS) tunnel Josephson junctions in the dirty limit, using the quasiclassical theory. We formulate a quantitative model describing the oscillations of critical current as a function of thickness of the ferromagnetic layer and use this model to fit recent experimental data. We also calculate quantitatively the density of states (DOS) in this type of junctions and compare DOS oscillations with those of the critical current. |
MISSING (ENS-Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
Des bulles de laboratoire aux phénomènes volcaniques quasi-périodiques : que nous apprend l'acoustique dans des fluides non-newtoniens ? le lundi 11 février 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : L'éclatement d'une bulle à la surface d'un fluide complexe peut produire des évènements violents, que ce soit la projection de purée ou de sauce lors d'expériences culinaires malheureuses, ou, à plus grande échelle et aux conséquences plus dramatiques, à la projection jusqu'à plusieurs centaines de mètres de fragments de lave, lors d'une éruption volcanique. Les signaux acoustiques émis par l'éclatement de la bulle en surface constituent un moyen non-intrusif (et, dans le cas des volcans, sécurisé) pouvant permettre d'accéder, en cas d'impossibilité de mesure directe, aux propriétés physiques du système. Mais quelles informations peut-on vraiment en tirer ? |
MISSING (Observatoire de Paris-Meudon) | Détails Fermer |
Superfluid neutron currents in the solid crust of a neutron star le vendredi 1er février 2008 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : In contrast with the core (which might consist of color superconducting quark matter) there is a consensus about the basic physics of the outer layers of a neutron star, which form a solid crust whose inner part is permeated by superfluid neutrons, whose local movement (describable in terms of nonrelativistic nuclear physics) relative to the metallic solid lattice can explain the rotation frequency glitches observed in pulsars (whose global description requires a general relativistic treatment). |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Josephson effect in quantum gases le jeudi 31 janvier 2008 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Starting from a quantum two-mode Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian we determine the ground state properties, momentum distribution and dynamical evolution for a Bose Josephson junction realized by an ultracold Bose gas in a double-well trap. Varying the well asymmetry we identify Mott-like regions of parameters where number fluctuations are suppressed and the interference fringes in the momentum distribution are strongly reduced. We also show how Schroedinger cat states, realized from an initially phase coherent state by a sudden rise of the barrier among the two wells, will give rise to a destructive interference in the time-dependent momentum distribution. Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (CPT Université de Toulon) | Détails Fermer |
Autour de la formule de Landauer-Büttiker le vendredi 14 décembre 2007 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Le formalisme de Landauer-Büttiker est largement utilisé en nanophysique. Il permet, en supposant négligeable toute interaction entre porteurs de charge, de réduire les problèmes de transport dans les systèmes électroniques au calcul de la matrice de collision d'un système à un électron. Je montrerai que ce formalisme est un cas particulier d'une approche générale, proposée par Ruelle, de la construction d'états stationnaires hors-équilibre par la théorie des collisions. Ces résultats sont le fruit d'une collaboration avec W. Aschbacher (TU-Munich), V. Jaksic (McGill) et Y. Pautrat (Orsay). Liens :CPT Université de Toulon |
MISSING (LPTMC) | Détails Fermer |
Dark solitons in three dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates le lundi 10 décembre 2007 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We study the dynamical stability of dark solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. In the absence of non-locality due to the dipolar interaction, stationary dark solitons (nodal planes) are unstable against transversal excitations (snake instability) in 2D and 3D. On the contrary, due to its non local character, the dipolar interaction allows for stable 3D stationary dark solitons. We discuss in detail the conditions to achieve this stability, which demand the use of an additional optical lattice. Liens :LPTMC |
MISSING (Salerno / LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Generalities on disordered system in one dimension: Anderson localization versus Bose glass le lundi 03 décembre 2007 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : The problem of disorder in one dimension is an extremely challenging one. For free electrons it's well known that disorder can give rise to very strong effects such as Anderson localization. When interactions are included the question is largely open and even more challenging in the presence of quantum fluctuations associated to reduced dimensionality. We give a brief review of tools to the analysis of disorder in the framework of the Luttinger liquid models treated by means of bosonization and renormalization group approach. Liens :Salerno / LPMMC |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Contrôle optimal d'un système quantique à n niveaux d'énergies à base de jonctions Josephson le lundi 12 novembre 2007 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : La question de contrôlabilité d'un système quantique consiste à montrer l'existence d'un hamiltonien optimal permettant de transférer le système d'un état initial fixé vers un état final désiré durant un intervalle de temps donné. Dans un premier temps, nous introduirons la théorie du contrôle optimal qui nous permet de donner une formulation mathématique rigoureuse de ce problème. Cette formulation consiste à minimiser ou maximiser une fonctionnelle de coût traduisant l'objectif physique à atteindre en tenant compte de l'équation d'évolution du système quantique interprétée comme une contrainte dynamique. Nous donnerons ensuite une description de l'approche numérique dite indirecte adoptée pour optimiser la fonctionnelle de coût. Comme application, nous considérons un système quantique à N-niveaux d'énergies à base de jonctions Josephson. Plus précisement, nous nous intéressons à un circuit supraconducteur impliquant un SQUID dc polarisé en courant. La dynamique de phase d'un tel circuit est équivalente au mouvement d'une particule quantique soumise à un potentiel local anharmonique. Dans ce cas, le problème de contrôle optimal est de déterminer le profil temporel d'un champ radio-fréquence permettant de conduire la particule d'un état initial fixé vers un état final désiré. Nous présenterons les résultats numériques dans les cas du transfert de la particule de l'état fontamental vers un état excité arbitrairement choisi. Nous présenterons aussi une analyse de la sensibilité de la solution optimale par rapport aux fluctuations des paramètres internes de l'hamiltonien décrivant la particule quantique. Une éventuelle implémentation expérimentale sera discutée. |
MISSING (Racah Institute of Physics, the Hebrew University, Israel) | Détails Fermer |
Strong electronic correlations far from thermal equilibrium le vendredi 12 octobre 2007 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Confined nanostructures, such as semiconductor and nanotube quantum dots, have become an important tool for investigating fundamental aspects of correlated electron systems. The exquisite control of microscopic parameters in such devices have opened new possibilities not accessible in bulk systems. Perhaps the most exciting of these is the study of strong electronic correlations far from thermal equilibrium, whether under steady-state conditions or subject to real-time dynamics. The description of strong electronic correlations far from thermal equilibrium is one of the outstanding open questions in the field. Many of the theoretical approaches that have proven so successful in equilibrium are simply inadequate once the system is driven out of thermal equilibrium. Basic concepts, such as that of the renormalization group, are still lacking. In this talk I will review some of our recent advancements toward filling in this gap. In particular, the development of a numerical renormalization-group approach to track the real-time dynamics of quantum impurity systems such as small quantum dots. Applications of the approach to quantum dissipation and to the decoherence of an impurity spin due to its coupling to the environment will be discussed. Liens :MISSINGRacah Institute of Physics, the Hebrew University, Israel |
MISSING (Faculty of Science Technology, Université de Twente (Pays-Bas)) | Détails Fermer |
Novel properties of tunnel Josephson junctions le mercredi 10 octobre 2007 à 10:00 |
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Liens :Faculty of Science Technology, Université de Twente (Pays-Bas) |
MISSING (ENS Lyon) | Détails Fermer |
String theory, extra dimensions and hidden symmetries le vendredi 05 octobre 2007 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : String theory aims at describe nature at the smallest length scales by replacing the concept of point-like elementary particles by extending strings. Originally developed as a model of strong interactions it has become a leading candidate for a fundamental unified theory of particle physics and quantum gravity. In this talk I will review history, problems and progress of string theory. In particular, I will address recent developments on the holographic correspondence that provide new insight into the nature of quantum field theories. Liens :ENS Lyon |
MISSING (LPTHE Paris) | Détails Fermer |
Symétries discrètes locales et réseaux supraconducteurs le vendredi 28 septembre 2007 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Cet exposé portera sur une classe de modèles sur réseau pour lesquels tous les états à une particule sont localisés par un effet de frustration géométrique (cages d'Aharonov-Bohm). En présence d'interactions, on peut s'attendre à des phénomènes surprenants, comme l'existence d'états liés délocalisés pour une paire de particules (y compris dans le cas d'une interaction répulsive). Je montrerai que le comportement à densité finie de tels systèmes dépend crucialement de l'existence d'une symétrie locale résiduelle, compatible avec les interactions. Ces idées seront illustrées en particulier sur l'exemple des réseaux de jonctions Josephson, qui doivent ainsi permettre de stabiliser des condensats exotiques (avec une charge élémentaire 4e), de simuler des théories de jauge sur réseau, et peut-être de réaliser des mémoires quantiques protégées contre la décohérence. Liens :MISSINGLPTHE Paris |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum simulations with trapped ions le jeudi 27 septembre 2007 à 10:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC |
MISSING (Rutgers university, USA) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum impurities out of equilibrium le vendredi 06 juillet 2007 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Introduction au groupe de renormalisation non-perturbatif le jeudi 21 juin 2007 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Je proposerai une brève introduction aux techniques du groupe de renormalisation non-perturbatif ou fonctionnel (développées principalement par C. Wetterich et T. Morris). Ces méthodes ont été utilisées dans divers contextes, de la physique des hautes énergies à la physique statistique et la physique de la matière condensée, où elles ont permis d'obtenir des résultats importants car elles permettent d'explorer des régimes 'non-perturbatifs', en général inaccessibles par les développements perturbatifs usuels. Je dériverai l'équation de base de ce formalisme et illustrerai, sur l'exemple simple du modèle d'Ising, comment l'exploiter et les résultats qu'elle permet d'obtenir. Liens :MISSING et spip.php?article42LPMMC-CNRS et / |
MISSING (université de Göteborg (Suède)) | Détails Fermer |
Influence of electro-mechanical effects on resonant electron tunneling through small carbon nano-peapods le jeudi 14 juin 2007 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Short single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can behave at small temperatures as quantum dot and the presence of fullerene molecules inside such a nanotubes can deeply change their transport properties. In this work, we discuss the influence of fullerene molecules trapped inside a single-wall CNT on resonant electron transport at low temperatures, that is at temperatures much smaller than the mean level spacing in the CNT. The strong hybridization strength between the electronic states on the NT ant the unoccupied molecular orbitals of the fullerenes makes possible the hopping of delocalized electrons from the CNT to the local fullerene states. Particularly, we suggest that the strong coupling between the electronic states on the CNT shell and the localized states on the fullerenes affects the resonant tunneling transport of electrons through the metallic peapod system in a manner that is experimentally observable. We propose that resonant electron transport due to polaronic effects provides a method for studying the fullerene nanmechanical dynamics through the temperature dependence of the resonant conductance peaks. The comparison with some experimental results will be shown. |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
(titre non communiqué) le lundi 11 juin 2007 à 14:00 |
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Liens :MISSING et spip.php?article44LPMMC-CNRS et / |
MISSING (Los Alamos National Laboratory) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum coherence in nanomechanical systems le mardi 05 juin 2007 à 16:00 |
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Résumé : Present day technology has reached the level when the study of the quantum mechanical behavior of individual objects becomes feasible. These include detection and mesaurement of single electron spin, superconducting and charge qubits, and even tiny ("nano") mechanical systems. While the former systems do not have classical analogs, the latter does. This opens an interesting possibility to study the interface between the classical and quantum behaviors. In this talk I will describe (1) the state of the art experimental results of the nanomechanical systems, (2) theoretical proposals to achieve their ground-state cooling, (3) issues of quantum measurements, i.e. how the measurements affects systems, and (4) some applications. |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Introduction to Kondo RG le mercredi 23 mai 2007 à 10:00 |
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Liens :MISSING et spip.php?article46LPMMC-CNRS et / |
MISSING (Umea university (Sweden)) | Détails Fermer |
Detecting the fluctuations of a nanomechanical resonator le jeudi 03 mai 2007 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : In this talk I will review my work on the theory of the detection of the fluctuations of a nanomechanical oscillator. The last years have seen the shrinking of mechanical components to micrometer size and below. Such small devices are of interest for very sensitive force detection as well as for fundamental physics. One active area of investigation is the cooling of a nanomechanical resonator close to its ground state. An interesting question in this context is how to measure the temperature of the oscillator, without disturbing it too much. I will present a model system, an oscillator coupled to a tunnel junction, and show how the noise in the tunnel junction can act as a meter for the oscillator occupation number. Liens : |
MISSING (Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Allemagne)) | Détails Fermer |
Non-equilibrium current fluctuations in the vicinity of a superconducting phase transition le mardi 24 avril 2007 à 16:00 |
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Résumé : I consider fluctuation corrections to transport characteristics of a quantum dot (or metallic grain) in the limit of large conductance, taking into account the attractive interaction in the Cooper channel inside the dot, when it is coupled to normal leads by means of tunnel contacts. Under this condition the dot undergoes a phase transition to a superconducting state at some critical temperature Tc. Then at temperatures just above Tc the conductance, shot noise and generally higher order cumulants of the transferred charge (electron full counting statistics) develop singular corrections due to fluctuations of the order parameter. In particular, the fluctuation correction to the current noise appeared to be more singular and pronounced, than the correction to the differential conductance. The effect of the noise enhancement is of rather general nature and should hold for the diffusive wires and films as well. The possible experimental verification of this phenomenon, using the bridge geometry, when a short diffusive wire is connecting two superconducting films, placed at temperature slightly above Tc, is discussed. Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Fluctuations du vide sous champ magnétique le lundi 23 avril 2007 à 14:00 |
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Liens :MISSING et spip.php?article=104LPMMC-CNRS et / |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Phase de Berry et désordre le lundi 16 avril 2007 à 14:00 |
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Liens :MISSING et spip.php?article=21LPMMC-CNRS et / |
MISSING (Nottingham university) | Détails Fermer |
Dynamics of a nanomechanical resonator coupled to a superconducting
single-electron transistor le mardi 03 avril 2007 à 16:00 |
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Résumé : I will discuss the dynamics of a system in which a nanomechanical resonator is coupled to a superconducting single-electron transistor (SSET). Such systems have been realized experimentally by Keith Scwab and co-workers (Cornell). When the SSET is biased in the vicinity of a transport resonance, the dynamics of the resonator is very sensitive to which side of the resonance is chosen as the operating point of the SSET. When the SSET is biased on one side of the resonance, the SSET acts on the resonance like a thermal bath whose effective temperature is surprisingly low. In contrast, on the opposite side of the resonance the SSET can drive the resonator into a variety of different oscillatory states. In this case useful analogies can be made with quatum optical systems such as the micromaser. Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Optique quantique dans les milieux désordonnés le lundi 02 avril 2007 à 14:00 |
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Liens :MISSING et spip.php?article=103LPMMC-CNRS et / |
MISSING (Columbia university) | Détails Fermer |
Interacting electrons in disordered conductors: many-body localization le mardi 27 mars 2007 à 16:00 |
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Résumé : We consider low-temperature behavior of weakly interacting electrons in disordered conductors in the regime when all single-particle eigenstates are localized by the quenched disorder. The key result is that in the absence of coupling of the electrons to any external bath dc electrical conductivity exactly vanishes as long as the temperature T does not exceed some finite value Tc. At the same time, it can be also proven, that at high enough T the conductivity is finite. These two statements imply that the system undergoes a finite temperature metal-insulator transition, which can be viewed as Anderson-like localization of many-body wave functions in the Fock space. As a result, in the insulating phase electron-electron interaction alone is unable to cause the relaxation and establish equilibrium. Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Signatures stationnaires de la localisation de Anderson dans une plaque le lundi 12 mars 2007 à 14:00 |
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Liens :MISSING et spip.php?article=110LPMMC-CNRS et / |
MISSING (Technion university (Israel)) | Détails Fermer |
Spatial dispersion and negative refraction le lundi 26 février 2007 à 14:00 |
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MISSING (Technion university (Israel)) | Détails Fermer |
Expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of disorder le vendredi 16 février 2007 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Phonon squeezing in a superconducting molecular transistor le jeudi 15 février 2007 à 10:00 |
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Liens :LPMMC-CNRS et / |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Singularités de la phase le lundi 12 février 2007 à 14:00 |
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Liens :MISSING et spip.php?article=107LPMMC-CNRS et / |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Electron Dynamics on the interface dielectric/organic (theoretical aspects) le mercredi 07 février 2007 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Recent experiments have demonstrated that the performances of organic
FETs strongly depend on the dielectric properties of the gate material [1].
In particular, it has been shown that the temperature dependence of the
mobility evolves from metallic-like to insulating-like upon increasing the
dielectric constant of the gate insulator.
In this talk I will present a microscopic model that consistently explains the
experimental observations in terms of the formation of polarons, due to
the interaction of the charge carriers with the phonons at the interface with
the gate material.
The theory shows that increasing the dielectric polarizability of the gate
material results in a crossover from the weak to the strong polaronic coupling
regime, where the carriers become self-trapped on individual molecular units,
giving rise to a thermally activated mobility.
The microscopic parameters extracted from the mobility data are in good
agreement with the known parameters of the devices, and indicate that the
polaronic carriers are located in the uppermost molecular layers of the
crystal, close to the interface.
Liens : |
MISSING (LPTMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
The Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii II le mercredi 31 janvier 2007 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LGIT - Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Ondes diffusées dans une plaque le lundi 29 janvier 2007 à 14:00 |
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Liens :MISSINGLGIT - Grenoble |
MISSING (LPTMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
The Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii transition of homogenous and trapped atomic gases le mercredi 24 janvier 2007 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Institut Néel) | Détails Fermer |
Introduction à l'effet Kondo le jeudi 18 janvier 2007 à 10:00 |
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Liens :MISSINGInstitut Néel |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Effet Hall quantique entier: II le jeudi 11 janvier 2007 à 10:00 |
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Liens :MISSING et spip.php?article=41LPMMC-CNRS et / |
MISSING (Delft university (Netherlands)) | Détails Fermer |
Graphene Josephson Junctions le jeudi 14 décembre 2006 à 10:00 |
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MISSING (Université de Lille) | Détails Fermer |
Diffusion, réponse linéaire et transport ohmique dans des systèmes hamiltoniens ouverts le vendredi 08 décembre 2006 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Je ferai le point sur des travaux numériques et analytiques récents (en collaboration avec P. Parris, A. Silvius et P. Lafitte) concernant des modèles hamiltoniens d'une particule se déplacant dans un milieu périodique avec lequel elle échange énergie et impulsion. Le milieu est modélisé par des degrés de liberté harmoniques disposés de facon périodique dans l'espace. Nous avons étudié plus spécifiquement un modèle périodique en une dimension à température positive dans lequel la particule effectue un mouvement diffusif en absence de champ extérieur et dans lequel elle a un comportement ohmique en présence d'un tel champ à des échelles de temps convenables: le modèle n'admet en effet pas d'état stationnaire. Le modèle peut être compris soit comme un gas de Lorentz inélastique ou comme une version classique du polaron de Holstein. Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Construction d'une théorie microscopique de l'effet Hall quantique entier le jeudi 30 novembre 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens :MISSING et spip.php?article=41LPMMC-CNRS et / |
MISSING (Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz (Germany)) | Détails Fermer |
Complex Hydrodynamics le vendredi 17 novembre 2006 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Hydrodynamics is the tool to describe the macroscopic dynamics of materials in the long-time and long-wavelength limit. It is based on first principles and general physical laws (conservation laws, symmetries and broken symmetries, thermodynamics) and can be derived as a phenomenological set of nonlinear partial differential equations for a few space-time fields, a priori. However, various types of materials cannot reasonably well be described by hydrodynamics fields alone, but require an extension of hydrodynamics by taking into account a few additional slowly relaxing, non hydrodynamic fields. The latter reflect some internal (mesoscopic) slow processes that give rise to "complex", or non-Newtonian features. After discussing some classes of such complex material (e.g. polymers, colloidal dispersions, etc.) and their specific non-Newtonian effects (viscoelasticity, shear thinning, strain hardening, rod climbing, yield stress, shear banding, phase separation) I will show how a minimal extension of ordinary hydrodynamics, preserving the requirements of general physical laws) can describe many of those complex phenomena. To that end we use the Eulerian strain tensor [1,2] or the orientation (or conformation) tensor [3] as additional variables. Comparison with some popular "constitutive models" is made [4,5].
Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Eigenfunction fractality and pseudogap state near superconductor-insulator transition le jeudi 09 novembre 2006 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : M. V. Feigel'man L. B. Ioffe, V. E. Kravtsov and E. A. Yuzbashyan We develop a theory of a pseudogap state appearing near the superconductor-insulator transition in strongly disordered metals with attractive interaction. We show that such an interaction combined with the fractal nature of the single particle wave functions near the mobility edge leads to an anomalously large single particle gap in the superconducting state near SI transition that persists and even increases in the insulating state long after the superconductivity is destroyed. We give analytic expressions for the value of the pseudogap in terms of the inverse participation ratio of the corresponding localization problem. Liens : |
MISSING (Institute of Physics Bhubaneswar (Inde)) | Détails Fermer |
Linear Superposition For Nonlinear Equations and New Identities For Jacobi Elliptic Functions le vendredi 20 octobre 2006 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Localisation forte le vendredi 09 juin 2006 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Keldysh functional integral for diffusive superconductors II le jeudi 08 juin 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
On the microscopic origin of low frequency noise in superconducting qubits le mardi 06 juin 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Information de Fischer le vendredi 02 juin 2006 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Functional RG analysis of Luttinger liquids with impurities le jeudi 1er juin 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Geometric phases and adiabatic quantum pumps le mercredi 24 mai 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Localisation & atomes froids le lundi 22 mai 2006 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Scattering and diffusion in anisotropic media le vendredi 19 mai 2006 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile) | Détails Fermer |
Creation of two and three qubit gates with the vibrational states of a trapped Ion and its applications le vendredi 19 mai 2006 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LGIT, Saint Martin d'Hères) | Détails Fermer |
Oscillations modales de la terre le vendredi 12 mai 2006 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (CRTBT, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Transport non local à travers un supraconducteur : couplage au condensat le jeudi 11 mai 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Fluctuations de phase le vendredi 05 mai 2006 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Keldysh functional integral for diffusive superconductors I le jeudi 04 mai 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Phase de Berry en optique le vendredi 28 avril 2006 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Inelastic scattering from quantum impurities le jeudi 27 avril 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Optique Magnéto-électrique le vendredi 21 avril 2006 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Spin filtering effect in rashba ring conductors le jeudi 20 avril 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC) | Détails Fermer |
Random laser le vendredi 14 avril 2006 à 14:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Institut Fourier, Saint Martin d'Hères) | Détails Fermer |
Une introduction à la "phase de Berry" le vendredi 14 avril 2006 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : La phase de Berry est connue en mathématiques depuis fort longtemps sous le nom de "connexion sur un fibré vectoriel". Plus précisément, il s'agit de la connexion naturelle (ou géométrique) sur un sous-fibré d'un fibré euclidien (ou hermitien) trivial. Cela contient le cas de la connexion naturelle sur une surface dans un espace euclidien. Après avoir présenté ces notions (fibrés vectoriels, connexions, courbure), j'aborderai dans l'exposé l'aspect dynamique : le thérème adiabatique quantique. Il s'agit de la remarque essentielle de Berry : l'énoncé donné par Born et Fock ou Kato du thérème adiabatique quantique est incomplet, il y manque la phase de la fonction d'onde qui joue un rôle crucial dans les phénomènes d'interférences. Comme on va le voir, ce sujet a ses racines dans la géométrie différentielle des courbes et des surfaces. Depuis sa mise en évidence par Berry, les physiciens ont découvert sa présence en bien de situations. Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Phénomènes critiques dans les systèmes hors de l'équilibre et groupe de
renormalisation non perturbatif le jeudi 13 avril 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Systèmes quantiques ouverts, décohèrence et mesures quantiques le jeudi 30 mars 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, université de Karslruhe (Allemagne)) | Détails Fermer |
Interplay of magnetic and superconducting proximity effects in hybrid superconductor-ferromagnet nanoscopic structures le jeudi 16 mars 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Indirect optimal control of a qubit le mercredi 15 mars 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Démêler l'intrication le jeudi 09 mars 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Quantum pumping of charge and spin at mesoscale le jeudi 23 février 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Inversion de l'effet de proximité et réhaussement de la limite paramagnétique dans une bicouche SF/SF d'épaisseur atomique le jeudi 23 février 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Increasing of entanglement entropy from pure to random quantum critical chains le jeudi 16 février 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Spectroscopy of the Kondo problem in a box le jeudi 09 février 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, université de Karslruhe (Allemagne)) | Détails Fermer |
Transport through a mesoscopic Luttinger liquid with Rashba spin-orbit coupling le jeudi 02 février 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Phase-Charge Duality in a Josephson Junction coupled to an electromagnetic environment le mercredi 1er février 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
La densité d'états intégrée et la pression au bord le jeudi 05 janvier 2006 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Shuttling phenomena in mesoscopic physics le lundi 19 décembre 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
How to measure the third cumulant of current fluctuation with SQUID le vendredi 16 décembre 2005 à 11:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus (USA)) | Détails Fermer |
Electron transport in granular arrays le jeudi 15 décembre 2005 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : Electron-electron interactions in low-dimensional systems have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. We show that arrays of large, strongly coupled quantum dots present an analytically tractable, yet non-trivial model of such systems. Liens : |
MISSING (CRTBT, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Entropie algébrique de systèmes dynamiques discrets le jeudi 08 décembre 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (CRTBT, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Weak localization in superconductors (Smith and Ambegaokar, Phys. Rev. B 45, 2463, 1992) le jeudi 1er décembre 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe (Germany)) | Détails Fermer |
Interaction effects in disordered conductors le mercredi 30 novembre 2005 à 11:00 |
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Résumé : We analyze electron transport and current fluctuations in comparatively short coherent conductors in the presence of electron-electron interactions.We demonstrate that, while Coulomb interaction tends to suppress electron transport, it may strongly enhance shot noise in scatterers with highly transparent conducting channels. This effect of excess noise is governed by the Coulomb gap observed in the current-voltage characteristics of such scatterers. We also analyze the frequency dispersion of higher current cumulants. Our results illustrate a direct relation between electron-electron interaction effects and current fluctuations in disordered mesoscopic conductors. Liens : |
MISSING (Institut Fourier, Saint Martin d'Hères (France)) | Détails Fermer |
Opérateurs aléatoires unitaires: dynamique ... Partie II le jeudi 17 novembre 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Quantum interference effects in dynamics of time-dependent random
matrices le jeudi 10 novembre 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, université de Karslruhe (Allemagne)) | Détails Fermer |
Photon current noise in Luttinger liquids le jeudi 27 octobre 2005 à 08:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Institut Fourier, Saint Martin d'Hères) | Détails Fermer |
Opérateurs aléatoires unitaires: dynamique d'électrons dans un anneau, modèle d'Anderson unitaire et polynômes aléatoires. Partie I le jeudi 20 octobre 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (SPSMS, CEA/Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Microscopic foundations of Coulomb Blockade II le jeudi 23 juin 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Theory of CB in Josephson Junctions le jeudi 16 juin 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (CRTBT, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Réflexion d'Andreev croisée avec des interfaces étendues le jeudi 09 juin 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (SPSMS, CEA/Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Microscopic foundations of Coulomb Blockade I le jeudi 02 juin 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Institut für Physik, university of Graz (Austria) Karlsruhe (Germany)) | Détails Fermer |
Quantum Optimal Control Theory and Dynamic Coupling in the Spin-Boson Model le jeudi 19 mai 2005 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : An optimal control theory is formulated for open quantum systems. Within the Bloch-Redfield formalism we derive a Markovian master equation describing the evolution of open quantum systems in the presence of an external field (the "control"). We show how the decay rates depend on the control field. One can accelerate the relaxation of an open physical system, decelerate it or one may be able to even suppress relaxation altogether. The control-dissipation correlation and a non-perturbative treatment of the control field are essential for reaching this goal. The optimal control problem is formulated within the Pontryagin minimum principle. As an application, we study the dynamics of a spin{boson model in the strong coupling regime under the in uence of an external control field. We show how dynamic localization and the inversion of population can be achieved by an optimized control. We will also discuss the implementation of the Hadamard gate. Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
P(E) theory of CB II le jeudi 31 mars 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
P(E) theory of CB I le jeudi 24 mars 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Cotunneling in Coulomb Blockade II le jeudi 17 mars 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Cotunneling in Coulomb Blockade I le jeudi 10 mars 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (CRTBT, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
CB in a single Josephson junction le jeudi 24 février 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, ENS Paris, and CNM-CSIC, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain)) | Détails Fermer |
One dimensional electrons in carbon nanotubes le jeudi 10 février 2005 à 10:00 |
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Résumé : Experimental results for transport through crossed metallic single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) are presented (1). Interestingly, the conductance of one tube can be modified by passing a current in the second one. The relationship between these results and the predictions of two electrostatically coupled SWNTs described by Luttinger liquid theory will be discussed. Explicit calculations are able to reproduce these measurements rather well, in particular once backscattering generated by the deformation at the crossing is taken into account within each SWNT. The resemblance between our data and the theoretical predictions represents further evidence supporting the Luttinger liquid picture in SWNTs. In the second part of this talk, I report a new method to access the electronic paths in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) which enables the first estimation of the intershell resistance (2). Using four-point measurement techniques, the voltage drop is measured between electrodes situated inside or outside the region lying between the current biased electrodes. Surprisingly, a significant nonlocal voltage drop is detected at room temperature. This result is in agreement with a simple model which considers conduction through the two outermost shells and treats them as a resistive transmission line. In such a model, the intershell conductance is ~(10 kW)-1/μm. This value is in agreement with the estimate based on electrons tunnelling through atomic orbitals of nearby shells while taking into account conservation of energy but not momentum. Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Shot Noise Spectrum of Open Dissipative Quantum Two-Level Systems le jeudi 03 février 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Introduction to quantum circuits II le jeudi 27 janvier 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Introduction to quantum circuits I le jeudi 20 janvier 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Orthodox Coulomb Blockade II le jeudi 13 janvier 2005 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Orthodox Coulomb Blockade I le jeudi 16 décembre 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Introduction to Coulomb Blockade II le jeudi 09 décembre 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Introduction to Coulomb Blockade I le jeudi 02 décembre 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Environment induced modification of the Berry phase, and geometric dephasing le jeudi 25 novembre 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Dynamics and phonon-induced decoherence of Andreev levels
in superconducting junctions le jeudi 04 novembre 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, université de Karslruhe (Allemagne)) | Détails Fermer |
Full Current Statistics and Coulomb Interaction in Diffusive Conductor le jeudi 30 septembre 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Berry phase and pumped current le mercredi 16 juin 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Interaction entre un SQUID et un champ monocromatique le mercredi 09 juin 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Bloch Nose in Cooper Pair Box II le mercredi 02 juin 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Bloch Nose in Cooper Pair Box I le mercredi 26 mai 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Decoherence in the evolution of a small system coupled to the envinronment II le mercredi 12 mai 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING | Détails Fermer |
Qubits couplés via un environnement : un problème d'impuretés quantiques le mercredi 05 mai 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Decoherence in the evolution of a small system coupled to the envinronment I le mercredi 28 avril 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Kondo effect in nanomagnetic clusters le mercredi 21 avril 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (LEPES, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Spin beam splitter le mercredi 14 avril 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (SPSMS, CEA/Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Non Fermi-liquid fixed point in Kondo models II le mercredi 31 mars 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (CRTBT, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Second Part: Ref: cond-mat/0312659 and cond-mat/0310453 le mercredi 24 mars 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (CRTBT, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Modèles à exclusion et statistique de fluctuation des courants mésoscopiques I le mercredi 17 mars 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
MISSING (SPSMS, CEA/Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Non Fermi-liquid fixed point in Kondo models I le mercredi 25 février 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Serguey Skipetrov (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Introduction to the disordered Green's function technique le mercredi 04 février 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Serguey Skipetrov (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Introduction to the disordered Green's function technique le mercredi 14 janvier 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Olivier Sauret (LEPES, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Spin current shot noise as a probe of interactions in mesoscopic systems le mercredi 07 janvier 2004 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Guillaume Bignon (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Current-current correlations in S/N hybrid multiterminal structures II le mercredi 17 décembre 2003 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Guillaume Bignon (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Current-current correlations in S/N hybrid multiterminal structures I le mercredi 10 décembre 2003 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
D. Sanchez and R. Lopez | Détails Fermer |
Kondo effect in Quantum dots coupled to ferromagnetic leads le mercredi 03 décembre 2003 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Ferenc | Détails Fermer |
Non equilibrium dynamics at the critical temperature le mercredi 26 novembre 2003 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
M. Cuoco | Détails Fermer |
Transport properties of the boson-fermion model on a ring le mercredi 02 avril 2003 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Frank Hekking (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Cooper pairs pumps: Appendix le mercredi 26 mars 2003 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Manuel Houzet (SPSMS, CEA/Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Semiclassical Green's functions le mercredi 19 mars 2003 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Frank Hekking (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Cooper pairs pumps II le mercredi 26 février 2003 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Jean-Christian Anglès d\'Auriac (CRTBT, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Potts Model: 2nd Part le mercredi 19 février 2003 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Jean-Christian Anglès d\'Auriac (CRTBT, Grenoble) | Détails Fermer |
Potts Model le mercredi 12 février 2003 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Frank Hekking (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Cooper pair pumps le mercredi 29 janvier 2003 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Fabio Pistolesi (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Sub gap noise in NIS junctions le mercredi 22 janvier 2003 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |
Frédéric Faure (LPMMC-CNRS) | Détails Fermer |
Scars in chaotic cavities le mercredi 15 janvier 2003 à 10:00 |
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Liens : |